Exploring Pharmacy Students' Leadership Styles Using the 5 Voices Assessment.

OBJECTIVE: Leadership development assessments are a critical component of student pharmacists understanding and development of effective team strategies. METHODS: The 5 Voices tool, developed by GiANT Worldwide was incorporated into the leadership curriculum across two colleges of pharmacies for P2 Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students. One public land-grant institution administers the assessment in the fall semester during a two-hour class session as part of a leadership elective leadership course and a private liberal arts institution distributes the 5 Voices assessment to all students during a one-hour spring semester required course. RESULTS: Responses for 456 PharmD students were included in the analysis with 159 (34.9%) and 297 (65.1%) coming from University of Minnesota and Drake University, respectively. Overall, 49.1% of PharmD students had Nurturer as their foundational (first) voice. No differences were found in the distribution of first voices between institutions (p=0.237). The PharmD data are higher than the Nurturer population-level average (43%). CONCLUSION: Introducing students to the 5 Voices assessment provides an opportunity for them to gain a better understanding of what they can contribute to a team. In addition, since Nurturer is a dominant voice, this understanding can help provide appreciation for other Voices necessary for team development.

The Chiraiya project: a retrospective analysis of breast cancer detection gaps addressed via mobile mammography in Jammu Province, India.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer remains a pervasive threat to women worldwide, with increasing incidence rates necessitating effective screening strategies. Timely detection with mammography has emerged as the primary tool for mass screening. This retrospective study, which is part of the Chiraiya Project, aimed to evaluate breast lesion patients identified during opportunistic mammography screening camps in Jammu Province, India. METHODS: A total of 1505 women aged 40 years and older were screened using a mobile mammographic unit over a five-year period, excluding 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The inclusion criterion was women in the specified age group, while the exclusion criterion was women with open breast wounds, history of breast cancer or a history of breast surgery. The screening process involved comprehensive data collection using a detailed Proforma, followed by mammographic assessments conducted within strategically stationed mobile units. Radiological interpretations utilizing the BI-RADS system were performed, accompanied by meticulous documentation of patient demographics, habits, literacy, medical history, and breastfeeding practices. Participants were recruited through collaborations with NGOs, army camps, village panchayats, and urban cooperatives. Screening camps were scheduled periodically, with each camp accommodating 90 patients or fewer. RESULTS: Among the 1505 patients, most were aged 45-50 years. The number of screenings increased yearly, peaking at 441 in 2022. The BI-RADS II was the most common finding (48.77%), indicating the presence of benign lesions, while the BI-RADS 0 (32.96%) required further evaluation. Higher-risk categories (BI-RADS III, IV, V) were less common, with BI-RADS V being the rarest. Follow-up adherence was highest in the BI-RADS III, IV, and V categories, with BI-RADS V achieving 100% follow-up. However, only 320 of 496 BI-RADS 0 patients were followed up, indicating a gap in continuity of care. The overall follow-up rate was 66.89%. Compared to urban areas, rural areas demonstrated greater screening uptake but lower follow-up rates, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to improve follow-up care access, especially in rural contexts. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the efficacy of a mobile mammographic unit in reaching marginalized populations. Adherence to screening protocols has emerged as a linchpin for early detection, improved prognosis, and holistic public health enhancement. Addressing misconceptions surrounding mammographic screenings, especially in rural settings, is crucial. These findings call for intensified efforts in advocacy and education to promote the benefits of breast cancer screening initiatives. Future interventions should prioritize improving access to follow-up care and addressing screening to enhance breast cancer management in Jammu Province.

Lack of awareness and ethnic polarity is a major cause of metabolic associated fatty liver disease in high-risk diabetes population in South London.

Background: Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) stands as the leading cause of chronic liver disease globally. Notably, individuals with metabolic risk factors, such as diabetes and obesity, exhibit a staggering prevalence of MAFLD, with estimates reaching up to 70%. However, despite its widespread occurrence, there's a noticeable gap in understanding and awareness about MAFLD among these high-risk groups. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to assess the awareness and prevalence of MAFLD among diabetic patients who regularly receive secondary care focusing particularly on how multiethnic backgrounds and associated lifestyle preferences influence these health outcomes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who regularly attend Lambeth Diabetes Intermediate Care Team clinics were invited to undergo MAFLD screening using FibroScan. Those who agreed to participate were provided with structured questionnaires on diet, physical activity, and MAFLD knowledge by a hepatologist. For each participant, anthropometric data, medical history, liver stiffness measurement, and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) were documented. Steatosis was identified with a CAP value of ⩾275 dB/m, and advanced fibrosis was flagged at values of ⩾8 kPa. Results: The FibroScan data was valid in 96.4% (215), 53.5% (115/215) had steatosis and 26.2% (58/215) had liver fibrosis in this multiethnic high-risk group. Awareness of MAFLD was notably low at 30.9%. Alarmingly, 69% of patients diagnosed with liver fibrosis were unfamiliar with the condition. Additionally, understanding of MAFLD showed variation among different ethnic groups with highest levels were demonstrated in the Caucasian/White population (46%). Majority (96%) of these subjects were receiving specific lifestyle advice from healthcare professionals due to metabolic conditions and comorbidities. However, most patients preferred diets that were rich in carbohydrates (65.8%) and only 43% subjects performed moderate exercise daily highlighting lack of understanding regarding MAFLD and lifestyle management. Conclusion: There's a pressing need for increased awareness of MAFLD, especially in multiethnic high-risk groups. Additionally, the development of cost-effective strategies to stratify risk is essential to address this growing health concern.

Ethnic differences and lack of awareness increase fatty liver disease risk in South London diabetics Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or more commonly fatty liver disease is the leading cause of chronic liver disease globally, particularly affecting individuals with diabetes and obesity. This study focuses on patients with type 2 diabetes in South London who regularly receive secondary care, examining the awareness and prevalence of MAFLD, especially across different ethnic groups. Participants, all with Type 2 Diabetes, attended clinics run by the Diabetes Intermediate Care Team where they underwent MAFLD screening using Fibroscan. This tool measures liver stiffness (fibrosis) and fat levels. In addition to the scans, participants answered questions about their diet, physical activity, and knowledge of MAFLD. Key findings include a low overall awareness of MAFLD, with only about 30.9% of patients aware of the disease. Among those diagnosed with liver fibrosis, 69% were unfamiliar with the condition, indicating a significant awareness gap. Interestingly, awareness levels varied among ethnic groups, with Caucasian/white patients showing the highest awareness at 46%. Despite receiving lifestyle advice from health professionals, many participants preferred carbohydrate-rich diets and only a minority engaged in daily moderate exercise. This behaviour highlights a general lack of understanding about MAFLD and its management through lifestyle changes. The study concludes that there is a critical need to raise awareness about MAFLD among high-risk, multi-ethnic groups in South London. It also highlights the necessity for developing cost-effective strategies to better identify and manage this growing health concern.

Awareness of urinary incontinence in pregnant women as a neglected issue: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Pregnancy and labor are independent risk factors for the development of urinary incontinence (UI). Although UI is common during pregnancy, it is a health problem mostly neglected by pregnant women. The high prevalence of UI in pregnancy and its effects on the postpartum period justifies the need to determine the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women regarding the prevention and management of UI. It is necessary to increase the awareness of pregnant women about UI, educate, consultant, and integrate pelvic floor muscle training into prenatal care services. This study aims to determine the UI awareness of pregnant women and their knowledge and attitudes in this context. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 255 pregnant women in a university hospital in Turkey between March and September 2020. Data were collected using the Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) and Urinary Incontinence Attitude Scale (UIAS). Results: The UI prevalence was 51% during pregnancy. The mean score of PIKQ was 8.07±2.64, and only 6.3% of participants correctly answered all the questions regarding UI. The mean score of UIAS was 42.33±3.48. A positive correlation was found between UI knowledge and attitude score (r=0.35, p=0.00). Conclusions: The results showed that although UI is prevalent during pregnancy, pregnant women's knowledge of UI is poor. Nearly half of pregnant women need information. They tend to display positive attitudes towards UI, but not sufficient to improve their health-seeking behavior. Strategies should be developed to increase pregnant women's awareness of UI and to encourage them health-seeking behaviors for the prevention/management of UI during prenatal visits.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Saudi Arabia: a review of the current literature.

In the past three decades, significant improvements have occurred in the study of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a rare, severe neuromuscular disease that causes death due to cardiovascular and respiratory complications among affected boys. Since the 1980s, ongoing preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted to explore the disease in depth and discover potential therapeutic strategies. In Saudi Arabia, it is unclear whether health services and research efforts are keeping pace with global achievements. Therefore, this review aims to explore the diagnostic and management strategies and research efforts in Saudi Arabia over the past three decades. I searched the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and included all published articles on the epidemiology, genetics, diagnosis, and management of DMD/BMD in this review. The findings suggest a lack of local standardized diagnostic strategies, a poor understanding of epidemiology and common pathogenic variants, and a critical need for preclinical and clinical research. At the time of writing, no such comprehensive review has been published. Challenges, limitations, and future perspectives are also discussed in this article.

Assessing Medical Students' Perspectives on Organ Donation: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Organ donation is a community service that not only saves lives but also improves the quality of life. The major concerns causing organ shortage in the country are the lack of awareness and correct knowledge among the public and myths and misconceptions clouding organ donation because of religious and cultural barriers. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 medical students of a private medical college in the Telangana region, India, from July 2019 to October 2019 after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC). A total of 300 participants (218 females (72.66%) and 82 males (27.33%)) were included in the study. Respondents completed a three-section questionnaire that included sociodemographic data, 15 questions on knowledge, and 12 questions on the attitude and ethical aspects of organ donation. Statistical tests utilized for investigation were the Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA to compare knowledge and attitude scores. Results The mean knowledge score among the participants was 10.85±1.79, with a P value of 0.45. The mean attitude score concerning organ donation among the participants was 45.5±4.47, with a P value of 0.44. The majority (87.1%) showed a positive attitude in this study. Conclusions The study emphasizes the necessity of interdisciplinary educational interventions for medical students to help them realize the complexities of the problem holistically. Their attitude regarding organ donation is not significantly affected by traditional educational interventions such as lectures and demonstrations. Educated healthcare professionals will play a critical role in motivating the public for the cause of organ donation promotion.

Understanding the Use of Mobility Data in Disasters: Exploratory Qualitative Study of COVID-19 User Feedback.

BACKGROUND: Human mobility data have been used as a potential novel data source to guide policies and response planning during the COVID-19 global pandemic. The COVID-19 Mobility Data Network (CMDN) facilitated the use of human mobility data around the world. Both researchers and policy makers assumed that mobility data would provide insights to help policy makers and response planners. However, evidence that human mobility data were operationally useful and provided added value for public health response planners remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: This exploratory study focuses on advancing the understanding of the use of human mobility data during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study explored how researchers and practitioners around the world used these data in response planning and policy making, focusing on processing data and human factors enabling or hindering use of the data. METHODS: Our project was based on phenomenology and used an inductive approach to thematic analysis. Transcripts were open-coded to create the codebook that was then applied by 2 team members who blind-coded all transcripts. Consensus coding was used for coding discrepancies. RESULTS: Interviews were conducted with 45 individuals during the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although some teams used mobility data for response planning, few were able to describe their uses in policy making, and there were no standardized ways that teams used mobility data. Mobility data played a larger role in providing situational awareness for government partners, helping to understand where people were moving in relation to the spread of COVID-19 variants and reactions to stay-at-home orders. Interviewees who felt they were more successful using mobility data often cited an individual who was able to answer general questions about mobility data; provide interactive feedback on results; and enable a 2-way communication exchange about data, meaning, value, and potential use. CONCLUSIONS: Human mobility data were used as a novel data source in the COVID-19 pandemic by a network of academic researchers and practitioners using privacy-preserving and anonymized mobility data. This study reflects the processes in analyzing and communicating human mobility data, as well as how these data were used in response planning and how the data were intended for use in policy making. The study reveals several valuable use cases. Ultimately, the role of a data translator was crucial in understanding the complexities of this novel data source. With this role, teams were able to adapt workflows, visualizations, and reports to align with end users and decision makers while communicating this information meaningfully to address the goals of responders and policy makers.

Effects of world stroke campaign on stroke literacy and knowledge in Taiwan.

OBJECTIVES: Stroke is a leading cause of death in Taiwan. Poor public knowledge of stroke may lead to delays in prehospital arrival, resulting in unfavorable prognoses. Studies have investigated public knowledge of stroke and highlighted the importance of stroke education, however, few such studies have been conducted in Taiwan. This study assessed the changes in public knowledge of stroke between 2012 and 2020 by conducting a survey during two World Stroke Day events. Furthermore, this study identified areas where educational efforts may have been insufficient. MATERIALS & METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed to the participants of 2012 and 2020 World Stroke Day events in Taiwan. In total, 328 and 336 questionnaires were completed, respectively. Stroke literacy and knowledge were analyzed between 2012 and 2020. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test or independent t-test. p < 0.05 indicates statistical significance. RESULTS: Hypertension was the most recognized risk factor for stroke in both years (p < 0.001), and recognition of most of the given risk factors significantly increased. In addition, recognition of more than half of the stroke warning signs significantly increased, awareness of the correct acute stroke response also increased (p < 0.001), and overall stroke literacy in Taiwan increased (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Stroke literacy and knowledge in Taiwan have improved significantly between 2012 and 2020, but many people still lack adequate stroke knowledge and awareness. Government health department must take this sort of intervention continually (campaigns) and novel approaches (e.g. board game…) to improve stroke literacy and knowledge in public health. REGISTRATION ID: N202109072, approved by the Joint Institutional Review Board of Taipei Medical University on 2021/11/02.

Knowledge, awareness, and approaches of dentistry students about separated instruments in root canals: A cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: This survey aims to assess the understanding, viewpoints, and methods employed by undergraduate dental students in the fourth and fifth grades regarding broken endodontic instruments in root canal procedures. METHODS: A survey comprising 27 questions across three sections-demographic information, practical application, and knowledge-approach-awareness inquiries-was developed. It was distributed to 282 students either in person or via a link shared through WhatsApp groups using Google Forms. RESULTS: Out of the total 219 respondents (77.6%), 10.6% experienced instrument breakage once during their clinical internship, while 2.8% encountered it more than once. The majority (86.7%) did not face instrument fracture incidents. Among these occurrences, it was observed that endodontic instruments were most commonly separated in molars, accounting for 51.9%. Nearly half (48.1%) of the students noted instrument breakage during the initial attempt to reach the apical part of the canal, while 55.6% reported breakage during root canal cleaning and shaping. CONCLUSIONS: Most dental students opted to leave the separated instrument in the root canal and proceed with filling it. Enhancing students' understanding and awareness of this matter will help prevent potential complications and enable them to handle such situations appropriately when they arise.

Drones can be used to provide dispatch centres with on-site photos before arrival of EMS in time critical incidents.

BACKGROUND: Drones are able to deliver automated external defibrillators in cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) but can be deployed for other purposes. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of sending live photos to dispatch centres before arrival of other units during time-critical incidents. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, the regional dispatch centre implemented a new service using five existing AED-drone systems covering an estimated 200000 inhabitants in Sweden. Drones were deployed automatically over a 4-month study period (December 2022-April 2023) in emergency calls involving suspected OHCAs, traffic accidents and fires in buildings. Upon arrival at the scene, an overhead photo was taken and transmitted to the dispatch centre. Feasibility of providing photos in real time, and time delays intervals were examined. RESULTS: Overall, drones were deployed in 59/440 (13%) of all emergency calls: 26/59 (44%) of suspected OHCAs, 20/59 (34%) of traffic accidents, and 13/59 (22%) of fires in buildings. The main reasons for non-deployment were closed airspace and unfavourable weather conditions (68%). Drones arrived safely at the exact location in 58/59 cases (98%). Their overall median response time was 3:49 min, (IQR 3:18-4:26) vs. emergency medical services (EMS), 05:51 (IQR: 04:29-08:04) p-value for time difference between drone and EMS = 0,05. Drones arrived first on scene in 47/52 cases (90%) and the largest median time difference was found in suspected OHCAs 4:10 min, (IQR: 02:57-05:28). The time difference in the 5/52 (10%) cases when EMS arrived first the time difference was 5:18 min (IQR 2:19-7:38), p = NA. Photos were transmitted correctly in all 59 alerts. No adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION: In a newly implemented drone dispatch service, drones were dispatched to 13% of relevant EMS calls. When drones were dispatched, they arrived at scene earlier than EMS services in 90% of cases. Drones were able to relay photos to the dispatch centre in all cases. Although severely affected by closed airspace and weather conditions, this novel method may facilitate additional decision-making information during time-critical incidents.

Incidence, Associated Factors, and Behavioral Consequences of Intraoperative Awareness and Dreams During General Anesthesia Among Adult Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background  The intraoperative awareness with recall phenomenon involves the memory of intraoperative events. The reported incidence is 0.001%. Awareness is rare intraoperatively but has profound implications. This research aimed to study intraoperative awareness and dream experiences in the Omani population undergoing general anesthesia. Methods This prospective cohort study involving 300 adult patients was conducted at a tertiary-level hospital between July and December 2021. Awareness was assessed in the post-anesthesia care unit and then at home on the seventh day and one month telephonically using a modified Brice questionnaire. The study's primary outcome was the incidence of IOA and dreams in adult Omani patients undergoing GA. The secondary outcome was identifying the factors associated with intraoperative awareness and dreams under GA. Results In this study, the incidence of awareness was 0.3% while 7.6% of patients reported intraoperative dreams. The patient who experienced IOA underwent an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography under GA with neuromuscular blockade and had a prolonged recovery. A total of 49.33% developed psychological effects postoperatively; anxiety, irritability, fear of surgery, change in memory, and repetitive nightmares were the most common ones. Because of the limited sample size, no factor associated significantly with these outcomes was found. Conclusion This study observed a higher incidence of intraoperative awareness and dreams. Awareness might be due to prolonged recovery and the use of neuromuscular blocking agents, but a focused study is required to confirm this finding. The incidence of intraoperative dreams and postoperative psychological effects of GA was also high. It may be worth exploring these findings with larger population-based research.

Awareness of Antibiotic Misuse in Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Among Adults in the Bisha Governorate in 2024.

INTRODUCTION: Antibiotics are targeted to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria and have no effect on viral agents. Unfortunately, viruses cause about 80% of respiratory tract infections, and up to 75% of antibiotics are prescribed for URTIs. Overuse of antibiotics is linked to a number of issues, including the emergence of antibacterial resistance, an increase in the prevalence of chronic illnesses, a rise in the expense of healthcare services, and the emergence of side effects. This study aimed to assess the awareness of antibiotic misuse for URTIs among adults in the Bisha governorate in 2024. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Bisha governorate among the adult population. Data was collected using an online standardized self-administered adapted questionnaire. The questions vary from multiple choice to Likert scale questions, and each question has 2 points. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY). RESULTS: The response rate was about 85.3% (721/845). The ages of the participants ranged between 18 and 75 years. There were 360 (49.9%) male respondents and 361 (50.1%) female respondents. The study revealed that 83.1% (599) of the participants have poor awareness of antibiotic misuse in URTIs. Knowledge of antibiotic misuse consequences was poor at 66.7% (481). There was a significant difference observed between the residents of Bisha city compared to the residents of Bisha villages in total knowledge level about antibiotic misuse in URTIs (p = 0.030). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The population of the Bisha governorate has a poor knowledge of antibiotic misuse in URTIs. Therefore, efforts should be made to increase the knowledge and awareness of the general public about the problem.

Oocyte donors' experience and expectations in a non-profit fertility care setting.

PURPOSE: In this survey, we aimed to provide the description of previous oocyte donors' profile in a Belgian tertiary fertility hospital clinic. The research question is as follows: could certain aspects be changed or improved, according to previous oocyte donors? The final purpose is to boost adherence to future oocyte donation (OD) programs, given the large gap between supply and demand. METHODS: We set up an observational cross-sectional study of oocyte donors who were recruited in a tertiary referral hospital. Participants were asked to join an anonymous online survey with questions about demographic and reproductive variables, reasons to start or discontinue OD, satisfaction rate, experience, and attitude towards presumed anonymity. RESULTS: A total of 218 women were eligible to join the study, with a response rate of 49% (108/218). The emerging profile of the oocyte donor is a well-educated (102/108 with at least a high school degree), employed (86/108) woman in her thirties. Altruism and solidarity were the main drivers of their choice (105/108), and a general permissive attitude towards disclosure of their personal information to the recipient (60/108) was registered. In case of negative experience or discontinuation, concerns regarding pain management and specific long-lasting psychological support were expressed (8/20). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest the need to improve pain relief and to offer psychological support even beyond ending the donation process. These interventions could improve both participation and adherence to OD programs, ensuring an autonomous and free choice while avoiding any risk of exploitation.

The influence of feature-based attention and response requirements on ERP correlates of auditory awareness.

In search for the neural correlates of consciousness (NCCs), it is important to isolate the true NCCs from their prerequisites, consequences, and co-occurring processes. To date, little is known about how attention affects the event-related potential (ERP) correlates of auditory awareness and there is contradictory evidence on whether one of them, the late positivity (LP), is affected by response requirements. By implementing a GO-NOGO design with target and nontarget stimuli, we controlled for feature-based attention and response requirements in the same experiment, while participants rated their awareness using a perceptual awareness scale. The results showed a prolonged auditory awareness negativity (AAN) for aware trials, which was influenced neither by attention nor by response requirement. The LP was affected by both attention and response requirements. Consistent with the levels of processing hypothesis, the LP was related to consciousness as a correlate of the processing of higher-level stimulus features, likely requiring access to a "global workspace." Our findings further suggest that AAN is a proper ERP correlate of auditory consciousness and thus a true NCC in the auditory modality.

Data Preparation for Supervised Learning: Improving Nursing Situation Awareness to Reduce Healthcare-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection.

Situation awareness (SA) is an important non-technical skill for nurses. Nurses interact directly with patients and review their clinical signs. If we improve nurses' SA, they will likely detect clinical changes and prevent patient harm. A clinical endeavor that can benefit from improved nurses' SA is the prevention of Healthcare-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection (HAUTI). Electronic Health Records contain comprehensive nursing assessment data that researchers can use to analyze trends and provide a context-based understanding of the infection risk factors. We conducted a study that involved extracting nursing assessment data and preparing it for supervised learning algorithms and predicting HAUTI. In this paper, we share the methods we used to prepare the data for supervised learning algorithms and present the challenges related to data missingness.

Validation of the Self Awareness Outcome Questionnaire (SAOQ) in the Italian framework.

Background: Self-awareness is the process of understanding yourself and is an essential concept for personal growth and individual advancement. It refers to the ability to recognize and comprehend one's thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and personality traits. Being self-aware allows improvement in the management of emotions, interpersonal relationships, and making conscious decisions that reflect on values and objectives. However, measuring self-awareness can be a challenge. Finding a reliable and valid method to assess this complex aspect of self can be crucial for quantifying the level and monitoring its progress over time. Methods: The Self Awareness Outcome Questionnaire (SAOQ) has been identified as a suitable tool for this purpose. This study aims to ensure that the scale, initially developed in English, maintains its accuracy and sensitivity even after being translated into Italian. Differences between test and re-test were assessed. The significance of Cronbach's alpha was estimated. Results: The results show no significant differences between groups. Conclusions: The Italian version of the SAOQ gives us the possibility to further analyze research on self-awareness.

Enhancing Citizen Health Literacy Through Digital Technology.

Contemporary society faces significant public health challenges with prevalent unhealthy behaviors and environmental risks leading non-communicable diseases. This study assesses health awareness campaigns'to effectiveness in a specific Taiwanese municipality, focusing on the impact of a health care management system. Objectives include enhancing public health literacy and evaluating community health promotion. The proposed system includes a personalized assistant app, personnel education, and events covering topics like hypertension, diabetes, diet, exercise, and chronic disease prevention. In summary, the research advocates for effective public health interventions, integrating digital technologies, personalized health management, and community engagement to promote health literacy and healthier lifestyles.

Radiologic Technology Students' Perceptions on Adoption of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Radiology.

Study Purpose: This study aims to analyze radiologic technology student's perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) and its applications in radiology. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted. A pre-validated survey questionnaire with 17 items related to students perceptions of AI and its applications was used. The sample included radiologic technology students from three universities in Saudi Arabia. The survey was conducted online for several weeks, resulting in a sample of 280 radiologic technology students. Results: Of the participants, 63.9% were aware of AI and its applications. T-tests revealed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0471) between genders with male participants reflecting slightly higher AI awareness than female participants. Regarding the choice of radiology as specialization, 35% of the participants stated that they would not choose radiology, whereas 65% preferred it. Approximately 56% of the participants expressed concerns about the potential replacement of radiology technologists with AI, and 62.1% strongly agreed on the necessity of incorporating known ethical principles into AI. Conclusion: The findings reflect a positive evaluation of the applications of this technology, which is attributed to its essential support role. However, tailored education and training programs are necessary to prepare future healthcare professionals for the increasing role of AI in medical sciences.

Erratum: Forgetting ourselves in flow: an active inference account of flow states and how we experience ourselves within them.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1354719.].

Subjective cognitive decline: Memory complaints, cognitive awareness, and metacognition.

Cognitive complaints are common in elderly subjects and are a frequent reason for referral to memory clinics. If the complaints are not associated with objective cognitive impairment, the condition is labelled subjective cognitive decline (SCD). SCD is often considered as a stage antedating objective impairment, and an at-risk condition for subsequent dementia. Recent large-scale studies indicate that a significantly increased risk of clinical progression in subjects with SCD is associated with positivity for Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, a finding supporting the notion that SCD can be due to different mechanisms not associated with neurodegeneration, including functional cognitive disorders. In this paper we present a selective review of research on the relations among SCD, cognitive awareness, and metacognitive abilities. We propose that longitudinal studies of metacognitive efficiency in SCD may provide useful cues about the risk of progression to dementia and the possible presence of a functional cognitive disorder, with different implications for the management of this prevalent aging-related condition. HIGHLIGHTS: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), a common cause of referral to memory clinics, can be due to multiple conditions. The predictive value of SCD for progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia is high in association with AD biomarker positivity. The awareness of cognitive decline is the mechanism responsible for the emergence of SCD and metacognition is the underlying neuropsychological function. The awareness of cognitive decline in clinical patients is usually assessed comparing an informant rating to the patient self-assessment, a method that can be affected by informant bias. While there is strong evidence that awareness starts to decline with the onset of objective cognitive impairment, progressively leading to the anosognosia of AD, the status of metacognitive efficiency in SCD needs to be further investigated. Quantitative, performance-based indexes of metacognitive efficiency may contribute both to the assessment of progression risk and to the management of subjects with functional cognitive disorders.