Avaliação da influência da pandemia de Covid-19 no risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares em mulheres / Assessment of the influence of the Covid-19 pandemicon the risk of developing eating disorders in women

Objetivo: verificar a influência da pandemia de Covid-19 no risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares em mulheres. Metodologia: pesquisa quantitativa, com mulheres com acesso ao computador, a celular e à internet. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de um questionário on-line contendo 60 perguntas, com respostas fechadas, que visavam conhecer a sua relação com a alimentação. Foram verificados o consumo alimentar e o risco de desenvolvimento de anorexia nervosa (Eating Attitudes Test - EAT-26) e bulimia nervosa (Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh- BITE). Resultados: participaram da pesquisa 92 mulheres, sendo que 81,50% (n=75) referiram que ficaram em casa durante a pandemia. Sobre a ingestão de alimentos, 45,70% (n=42) relataram que consumiram diariamente frutas e hortaliças, 55,40% (n=51) ingeriram de 1 a 2 vezes/semana bolachas, salgadinhos, doces e guloseimas e 62,00% (n=57) consumiam embutidos pelo menos 1 vez/semana. Ainda, 18,50% (n=17) apresentaram risco para o desenvolvimento de anorexia nervosa e 83,60% (n=73) risco de bulimia nervosa. Entretanto, analisando se esse risco estava associado à pandemia, verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa entre o grupo que permaneceu em casa e o grupo que saiu para trabalhar (p > 0,05). Conclusão: portanto, grande parte das voluntárias apresentaram um risco de desenvolver algum transtorno alimentar, entretanto, não houve uma relação entre o possível risco de desenvolver transtornos alimentares influenciado pela pandemia.

Objective: to verify the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on the risk of developing eating disorders in women. Methodology: quantitative research, with women with access to a computer, cell phone and internet. Data collection was carried out using an online questionnaire containing 60 questions, with closed answers, which aimed to understand their relationship with food. Food consumption Abstract and the risk of developing nervous anorexia (Eating Attitudes Test - EAT-26) and nervous bulimia (Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh - BITE) were verified. Results: 92 women participated in the research, with 81.50% (n=75) reporting that they stayed at home during the pandemic. Regarding food intake, 45.70% (n=42) reported that they consumed fruits and vegetables daily, 55.40% (n=51) ate cookies, snacks, sweets and sweets 1 to 2 times/week and 62, 00% (n=57) consumed sausages at least once/week. Furthermore, 18.50% (n=17) were at risk for developing nervous anorexia and 83.60% (n=73) were at risk for nervous bulimia. However, analyzing whether this risk was associated with the pandemic, it was found that there was no significant difference between the group that remained at home and the group that went out to work (p > 0.05). Conclusion: therefore, most of the volunteers presented a risk of developing an eating disorder, however, there was no relationship between the possible risk of developing eating disorders influenced by the pandemic.

Associations of Adult ADHD symptoms with binge eating spectrum conditions, psychiatric and somatic comorbidity, and healthcare utilization in a metropolitan Brazilian city.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the associations among symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with binge eating spectrum conditions - BESC - [binge eating disorder (BED), bulimia nervosa (BN), and recurrent binge eating (RBE)], and psychiatric and somatic comorbidity and healthcare utilization in a representative sample of a Brazilian city. METHODS: A household survey with 2,297 adults and residents in Rio de Janeiro was conducted. The Adult Self-Rating Scale Screener was used to assess ADHD symptoms. BESC was assessed using the Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns 5 and confirmed by telephone interview. Standardized questionnaires were used to assess psychiatric comorbidity. Close-ended questions investigated somatic comorbidity and healthcare utilization. RESULTS: ADHD symptoms were highly associated with BESC [BED, OR=13.2, 95%CI= 4.3-40.6; BN, OR=27.5, 95%CI= 5.9-128.7; RBE, OR=5.8, 95%CI= 2.9-11.4). However, with further adjustment for psychiatric comorbidity (depression, anxiety, alcohol use and impulsivity), the ORs were no longer significant. Healthcare resource utilization was significantly higher in participants with ADHD and BESC but lost significance after controlling for the psychiatric comorbidity. CONCLUSION: ADHD was associated with an increased prevalence of BESC, and healthcare utilization. Nonetheless, there was an essential interplay among psychiatric comorbidity in the associations of ADHD and BESC.

Diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders in children and adolescents

Abstract Objectives To provide a narrative review of the main eating disorders (ED), specifically focusing on children and adolescents. This review also aims to help the pediatrician identify, diagnose, and refer children and adolescents affected by this medical condition and inform them about the multidisciplinary treatment applied to these disorders. Data source The research was conducted in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline) databases via PubMed and Embase. Consolidated Guidelines and Guidebooks in the area were also included in the review to support the discussion of ED treatment in childhood and adolescence. Data synthesis ED are psychiatric condition that usually begins in adolescence or young adulthood but can occur at any time of life, including in childhood, which has been increasingly frequent. Pediatricians are the first professionals to deal with the problem and, therefore, must be well trained in identifying and managing these disorders, which can be severe, and determine physical complications and quality of life of patients and their families. Conclusion ED has shown an increase in prevalence, as well as a reduction in the age of diagnosed patients, requiring adequate detection and referral by pediatricians. The treatment requires a specialized multidisciplinary team and is generally long-lasting for adequate recovery of affected individuals.

Diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: To provide a narrative review of the main eating disorders (ED), specifically focusing on children and adolescents. This review also aims to help the pediatrician identify, diagnose, and refer children and adolescents affected by this medical condition and inform them about the multidisciplinary treatment applied to these disorders. DATA SOURCE: The research was conducted in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline) databases via PubMed and Embase. Consolidated Guidelines and Guidebooks in the area were also included in the review to support the discussion of ED treatment in childhood and adolescence. DATA SYNTHESIS: ED are psychiatric condition that usually begins in adolescence or young adulthood but can occur at any time of life, including in childhood, which has been increasingly frequent. Pediatricians are the first professionals to deal with the problem and, therefore, must be well trained in identifying and managing these disorders, which can be severe, and determine physical complications and quality of life of patients and their families. CONCLUSION: ED has shown an increase in prevalence, as well as a reduction in the age of diagnosed patients, requiring adequate detection and referral by pediatricians. The treatment requires a specialized multidisciplinary team and is generally long-lasting for adequate recovery of affected individuals.

Comportamento de risco para transtornos alimentares, percepção da imagem corporal e consumo alimentar em adolescentes praticantes de judô / Risk behavior for eating disorders, perception of body image and food consumption in adolescent judo practitioners

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o consumo alimentar, comportamento de risco para transtornos alimentares e percepção da imagem corporal em adolescentes praticantes de judô. Métodos Estudo transversal com adolescentes judocas participantes da Federação Paranaense de Judô. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário on-line, contendo os instrumentos Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) para avaliar percepção da imagem corporal, o Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) para identificar comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares e o Recordatório alimentar de 24 horas para análise da ingestão alimentar. A insatisfação com o peso corporal foi obtida pelo relato dos que gostariam de ganhar ou perder peso. Resultados Participaram 57 judocas de ambos os sexos, maioria sexo masculino (54,3%; n=31). Ausência de comportamento de risco para transtorno alimentar (63,1%; n=36) e insatisfação com a imagem corporal (75,4%; n=43) foram prevalentes entre os judocas. Entre os que apresentaram insatisfação com a imagem corporal (36,8%; n=14), observou-se que 9 (15,78%) também mostraram comportamento alimentar de risco para transtornos alimentares pelo teste EAT-26 (p=0,002). Houve associação entre insatisfação com o peso e comportamento de risco para TA (p=0,034), representado pelo EAT positivo para 26,31% (n=15) dos adolescentes. Identificou-se valores de ingestão alimentar insuficientes de energia e carboidratos, bem como consumo elevado de proteínas, e inadequação na ingestão para a maioria dos micronutrientes. Conclusão A maioria dos atletas não apresentou comportamento de risco para TA e estavam satisfeitos com sua imagem corporal. Diate da inadequação no consumo alimentar, destaca-se a importância das ações de educação alimentar e nutricional voltadas para este público.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate food consumption, risk behavior for eating disorders and perception of body image in adolescents who practice judo. Methods Cross-sectional study with adolescents practicing judo, participants of the Paraná Federation of Judo. For data collection, an online questionnaire was used, containing questions related to characterization and anthropometric data, the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) instruments to assess body image perception, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) to identify behaviors risk factors for eating disorders and the 24-hour food recall to assess food intake. Dissatisfaction with body weight was obtained by reporting those who would like to gain or lose weight. Results 57 judokas of both sexes participated, mostly male (54.3%; n=31). Absence of risk behavior for eating disorders (63.1%; n=36) and dissatisfaction with body image (75.4%; n=43) were prevalent among judokas. Among the adolescents who were dissatisfied with their body image (36.8%; n=14), it was observed that 9 (15.78%) also showed risky eating behavior for eating disorders by the EAT-26 test (p=0.002). There was an association between dissatisfaction with weight and risk behavior for ED (p=0.034), represented by positive EAT for 26.31% (n=15) of adolescents. Insufficient food intake values of energy and carbohydrates, as well as high protein consumption, and inadequate intake for the largest of micronutrients were identified. Conclusion Most athletes did not present risk behavior for ED and were satisfied with their body image. Among those classified as dissatisfied with their body image, the degrees identified are mostly mild to moderate. The analysis of food consumption showed inadequacy for most of the nutrients evaluated, emphasizing the importance of food and nutrition education actions aimed at this public.

Risk of positive screening for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and night eating syndrome and associated risk factors in medical fellows in Northeastern Mexico: a multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Eating disorders and food ingestion (EDs) are serious mental illnesses with a higher prevalence in young adults, with difficult diagnoses that cause serious morbidity and mortality problems. There is not much information about the risk of positive screening for EDs, specifically, anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) and night eating syndrome (NES) in undergraduate medical interns (UMI) and medical residents (MR) in Mexico. AIM: To determine the risk of AN, BN and NES and to determine the risk factors of such conditions such as age, body mass index (BMI) and gender of MR and UMI with AN/BN and NES at four private hospitals in northeastern Mexico. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive, non-randomized survey in MR and UMI in four hospitals in Northeastern Mexico was conducted using an electronic questionnaire that included: informed consent signature, SCOFF questionnaire for AN and BN screening, NES questionnaire. Also, a survey on general sociodemographic data of each participant was included. Chi-square test and a logistic regression model were computed for analyses. RESULTS: The population included a total of 129 MR and UMI. It was observed that 48.8% were positive for AN or BN and 32.6% were positive for the NES. There was no difference between age, sex, BMI, or medical specialty (if they were MR); however, MR from the first year had a higher risk of AN or BN (OR 23.7, 95% CI 1.181-475.266). CONCLUSIONS: There was a higher risk of positive screening for AN or BN and NES in UMI and MR in our population. In the case of MR, those in first year have a higher risk of AN and BN. Timely diagnosis and treatment are mandatory in this population.

Eating disorders and food ingestion such as anorexia (AN) or bulimia (BN) nervosa and night eating syndrome (NES) are a group of mental illnesses that are frequently under diagnosed. Medical residents (MR) and undergraduate medical interns (UMI) are a high-risk population for such disorders due to their young age, stress environments, erratic eating patterns and long working hours. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of AN, BN and NES and to determine the risk factors of such conditions. One hundred twenty-nine UMI and MR were studied and showed that 48.8% were positive for AN or BN and 32.6% were positive for NES. MR in the first year of medical residency had a higher risk. Timely diagnosis and treatment are mandatory in this population.

Terapia de remediación cognitiva en bulimia nerviosa: Un estudio de caso / Cognitive remediation therapy in bulimia nervosa: A case study

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una evaluación preliminar de la terapia de remediación cognitiva (TRE) en una paciente con bulimia nerviosa (BN). Bajo un diseño pre-post-tratamiento, la paciente (20 años de edad e índice de masa corporal [IMC] de 22.41) completó cuatro pruebas neuropsicológicas, tres medidas de síntomas de BN y dos de sintomatología psiquiátrica (depresión y ansiedad). Con base a las puntuaciones pre y post TRE fue calculado el cambio clínico objetivo (CCO). Los principales efectos neuropsicológicos se registraron en: flexibilidad de pensamiento, proceso visocontructivo, coherencia central y planificación (CCO = 0.39-0.99). También se identificaron cambios relevantes en las medidas de sintomatología psiquiátrica y de BN (CCO = 0.53-0.88), no así en el IMC. Este estudio suma evidencias respecto a la utilidad de la CRT en el tratamiento multidisciplinario, ya no solo de la anorexia nerviosa, sino que extiende su aplicabilidad a la BN.

Abstract The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary evaluation of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) in a patient with bulimia nervosa (BN). The participant was 20 years old with a 22.41kg/m2 body mass index (BMI). Under a pre-post treatment design, the patient was administered four neuropsychological tests, three measures of BN symptoms and two of psychiatric symptomatology (depression and anxiety). Based on the pre and post CRT scores, the objective clinical change (OCC) was calculated. The main neuropsychological effects were observed in cognitive flexibility, visoconstructive processing (memory and central coherence) and working memory (OCC = 0,39-0,99). Relevant changes were also identified in the measures of psychiatric symptomatology and BN (OCC = 0,53-0,88), with no change in BMI. This study adds evidence regarding the usefulness of CRT in the multidisciplinary treatment not only of anorexia nervosa, but also extends its applicability to another eating disorder, BN.

Relationship between psychopathology and binge size in binge eating spectrum disorders.

INTRODUCTION: Food intake during binge eating episodes has been found to be associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in individuals with eating disorders. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between caloric intake during binge eating episodes (BEE) and psychopathology in individuals with binge eating spectrum disorders (BSD). METHODS: One-hundred and fourteen outpatients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder were sequentially assessed. MINI PLUS was used to assess psychiatric diagnoses. Validated self-report instruments were used to assess general and eating-related psychopathology. The assessment of caloric consumption during BEE was performed through Dietpro Clinical Program. Data analysis was performed with independent Student's t test, effect size (Cohen's d) and Pearson's correlation. RESULTS: Participants with BSD comorbid with a depressive disorder consumed significantly more calories during BEE than those without depression. Furthermore, participants with BSD and higher levels of impulsivity had a greater caloric intake during the episode. Specifically, regarding BN, participants with greater disease severity consumed more calories during the episode than those with less severity. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, depression and high impulsivity were associated with a higher caloric intake during BEE in individuals with BSD. For those with BN, the disease severity was associated with greater caloric consumption during the episode. Our results support the relevance of early identification of psychiatric comorbidities and the implementation of strategies to control mood and impulsivity aiming at a better prognosis in the treatment of BSD.

Frequency of symptoms and the associated factors of eating disorders in a group of dental students in Medellín, Colombia.

BACKGROUND: Eating disorders (EDs) are considered a public health problem. Scientific research has focused on teenagers due to their higher prevalence in this population. However, other groups, such as university students, may be exposed to suffering from EDs due to their academic, social and personal characteristics. Identifying the magnitude of EDs and the associated characteristics may impact the generation of prevention strategies. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence of the risk of EDs (anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN)) and the associated factors in dental students at the University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 278 students (76 males, 202 females) with the use of a Google-Forms survey. The validated Spanish version of the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) and the Sick, Control, One Stone, Fat, Food (SCOFF) questionnaire were used. Other recorded variables included sociodemographic data, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related factors, health, and social support (the Duke-11 profile). The bivariate analysis of the risk of EDs was conducted according to different variables (95% confidence interval (CI)), followed by the logistic regression models adjusting for different variables (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) and 95% CI). RESULTS: According to EAT-26, the risk of EDs was 27.6% (18.8-38.6) for males and 28.7% (22.9-35.3) for females. However, differences between males and females were higher when the SCOFF questionnaire was applied (males: 6.6% (2.8-14.5); females: 22.3% (17.1-28.5); p < 0.01). According to the SCOFF instrument, after adjusting for sociodemographic and health variables, women were more likely to report the symptoms of EDs (aPR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.06-4.57). Women receiving information from social networks were more likely to report the symptoms of EDs (aPR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.19-2.88). Multivariate models showed that women reporting poor self-rated health and some symptoms during the mandatory confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to report the symptoms of EDs. CONCLUSIONS: A higher risk of EDs was found in dental students. Healthcare, psychological and/or psychiatric interviews, and educational/early prevention strategies are required.

Visual art- and music-based interventions as adjuvants in the treatment of eating disorders: a systematic review and a theoretical model.

AIM: To assess the effect of visual art- and music-based interventions in the treatment of eating disorders. METHODS: This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020161503). Six databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, Lilacs, PsycINFO, PubMed and The Cochrane Library) were consulted. The searches were performed on 19 June 2019, and updated on 18 March 2022. No restriction on language, date, or publication status was applied. Methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute's instruments. All steps were performed by two independent reviewers and a third participated in the event of disagreement. RESULTS: Eight studies were included. Few statistically significant results were found. Overall, both interventions might help to reduce negative emotional states. CONCLUSION: Visual art- and music-based interventions present limited and inconclusive scientific evidence in patients with eating disorders and therefore their effectiveness is currently unknown. A theoretical model is proposed to guide future research. Further studies are needed to clarify their clinical relevance.

Factores de riesgo en la Bulimia Nerviosa (BN): elementos claves de seguridad en el cuidado de la salud. Una revisión de la literatura / Bulimia nervosa risk factors (BN): key elements of health care security. A review of the literature

Resumen Se realizó una revisión de literatura con el objetivo de identificar los factores de riesgo de la BN, utiles para que el equipo de salud proteja la seguridad de sus intervenciones y atención a las personas que padecen este trastorno en el ciclo de vida adolescente y joven. Se hizo una búsqueda en bases de datos y repositorios, con uso de términos libres como: BN, adolescente, factor de riesgo, trastorno de conducta alimentaria, en español e inglés, combinados con operadores boleanos (AND, OR, NOT) y de posición (WTH y NEAR). Se incluyeron 72 documentos tras la selección por criterios de inclusión, se hizo depuración de ellos según sus datos bibliográficos, objetivo, tipo de estudio, resultados y conclusión. Los resultados muestran que hay aún factores biológicos por rastrear y analizar, dentro de los sociodemográficos, la edad de afectación principalmente reportada es la adolescencia y adultez joven, no hubo diferencias por raza o nivel socioeconómico. Factores comportamentales como preocupación por la imagen corporal, dietas y ejercicio son documentados. Desde el área psicosocial, la disfuncionalidad individual y los antecedentes de trastornos psicológicos, la familia y el entorno cultural condicionan para que el cuerpo logre su delgadez. La conclusión general sugiere que la seguridad de la atención en la BN está en explorar los antecedentes individuales, biológicos, psicológicos y comportamentales; reconocer dinámicas familiares y la influencia del entorno social. Asimismo, es útil, el trabajo interdisciplinar e integración de red de apoyo familiar para lograr atención segura en la BN.

Abstract Review of literature aimed at recognizing risk factors of BN, useful for the health team to protect the safety of their interventions and care for people suffering from this disorder in the adolescent and young life cycle. It consists of a narrative review, carried out by means of search in databases and repositories, with use of free terms such as: BN, adolescent, risk factor, food behavior disorders, in Spanish and English, combined with bolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) and position (WTH and NEAR). Seventy-two sources were incorporated, documents were selected by inclusion criteria, review according to bibliographic data, objective, type of study, results, and conclusion. The results show that there are still biological factors to be traced and analyzed, within the sociodemographic the age of involvement is adolescence and youth, it does not have differences by race or socioeconomic level. Behavioral factors such as concern for body image, diets and exercise are documented. From the psychosocial area, individual dysfunction and backgrounds of psychological disorders, the family and the cultural environment influence to achieve the thinness of the body. The general conclusion suggests that the safety of care in the BN lies in exploring the individual, biological, psychological and behavioral backgrounds, recognizing family dynamics and the influence of the social environment. It is useful, interdisciplinary work and integration of family support network to achieve safe health care in the BN.

Food Consumption during Binge Eating Episodes in Binge Eating Spectrum Conditions from a Representative Sample of a Brazilian Metropolitan City.

The prevalence of binge eating spectrum conditions (BESC) are increasing globally. However, there is a lack of data from general population samples in low- and middle-income countries. Thus, this study described the food consumption during objective binge eating episodes (OBE) in people with BESC from a metropolitan city in Brazil. Participants comprised 136 adults (18 years old-60 years old) with Binge Eating Disorder (BED), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), or recurrent binge eating (RBE) from a two-phase epidemiological survey. They were interviewed in their homes by trained lay interviewers using the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns updated for the DSM-5 to assess BESC diagnosis and food consumption during a typical OBE. Overall, participants consumed a mean of 1067 kcal during the episodes. For the most part, these calories were derived from carbohydrates (58%) and lipids (30%), irrespective of the diagnosis. Regarding food item consumption, individuals with BED and RBE consumed staple foods (mainly rice and beans) more frequently than those with BN. Conversely, participants with BN ingested sugar-sweetened beverages more frequently than the BED group. In conclusion, there were differences in the eating patterns of individuals with BESC in Brazil. BED and RBE participants consumed more typical foods, whereas those with BN preferred foods with a high content of energy during their OBE.

Conductas alimentarias de riesgo en jóvenes adultos de dos comunas de la región de Ñuble en Chile durante pandemia Covid-19

Objetivo: Analizar las conductas alimentarias de riesgo, en relación al estado nutricional y actividad física en jóvenes adultos durante la pandemia COVID-19 en las comunas de Chillán y Chillán Viejo. Método: Diseño observacional y transversal. Se obtuvo una muestra de 184 adultos jóvenes de ambos sexos, que residían en dos comunas de la región de Ñuble (Chile) durante el periodo de confinamiento por la pandemia COVID-19. Se les aplicó un cuestionario de antecedentes personales y la escala SCOFF que evalúa el riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA). Resultados: Se encontró un 37,16% de riesgo para TCA (IC 95%: 30,23 - 44,63%). El riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria tuvo relación con las variables: actividad física (p = 0,01 análisis bivariante) y estado nutricional (p = 0,03, análisis ajustado). Conclusión: Se logró identificar una proporción superior a la registrada en la literatura y los factores asociados a TCA eran los que se esperaban encontrar.

Objective: To analyze risky eating behaviors in relation to nutritional status and physical activity in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in the communes of Chillán and Chillán Viejo. Methods: Observational and cross-sectional design. A sample of 184 young adults of both sexes, who lived in two communes in the Ñuble region (Chile) during the period of confinement due to COVID-19 pandemic, was obtained. A personal history questionnaire and the SCOFF scale that assesses the risk of eating behavior disorders (EDs) were applied. Results: A 37.16% risk for ED was found (95% CI: 30.23 - 44.63%). The risk of eating behavior disorders was related to the variables: physical activity (p=0.01 bivariate analysis) and nutritional status (p=0.03, adjusted analysis). Conclusion: It was possible to identify a higher proportion than that recorded in the literature and the factors associated with eating disorders were those that were expected to be found.

El Rol de los Trastornos de Conducta Alimentaria sobre la Periodontitis: Breve Revisión Sistemática de Estudios Observacionales

Los trastornos de conducta alimentaria tienen efectos importantes sobre la salud oral destacándose entre estos por su alta prevalencia la anorexia y bulimia. Evaluar los efectos de la anorexia y bulimia sobre la periodontitis. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica entre 2017 y 2021 en las bases datos Medline a través de Pubmed, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, Scopus, Springer y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, donde con la estrategia de búsqueda "Anorexia OR Bulimia AND periodontal disease". Se recuperaron 101 registros potencialmente elegibles de los cuales luego de aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad se seleccionaron tres estudios de diseño observacional, cuyos resultados mostraron una asociación de la bulimia y anorexia con la incidencia de complicaciones orales en pacientes ambulatorios, donde la condición periodontal parece ser significativamente peor comparada con pacientes sanos emparejados por sexo y edad, siendo estos hallazgos de alta calidad metodológica o bajo riesgo de sesgo. La anorexia y la bulimia generan un alto impacto sobre la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud oral específicamente sobre el desarrollo de periodontitis. Sin embargo, se requieren de nuevos estudios que logren explicar en su totalidad esta posible relación.

Eating disorders have important effects on oral health, anorexia and bulimia standing out among them due to their high prevalence. To evaluate the effects of ano- rexia and bulimia on periodontitis. An electronic search was carried out between 2017 and 2021 in the Medline databases through Pubmed, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, Scopus, Springer and Virtual Health Library, where with the search strategy "Anorexia OR Bulimia AND periodontal disease". 101 potentially eligible records were retrieved from which, after applying the eligibility criteria, three observational design studies were selected, whose results showed an association of bulimia and anorexia with the incidence of oral complications in outpatients, where periodontal condition appears to be significantly worse compared to healthy patients matched for sex and age, these results being of high methodological quality or low risk of bias. Anorexia and bulimia have a high impact on health-related quality of life oral specifically on the development of periodontitis.However, it is required They want new studies that fully explain this possible relationship.

Hyperpalatable Foods Consumption in a Representative Sample of the General Population in Brazil: Differences of Binge and Non-Binge Eating Meals.

The availability of hyper-palatable foods (HPF) increased over the past three decades worldwide, a period when eating disorders (ED) and obesity have become global public health concerns. The present study aimed to assess HPF consumption during binge and non-binge meals in a representative sample of adults with and without ED from a metropolitan city in Brazil. A total of 2297 individuals were interviewed in their homes by trained lay interviewers to assess the presence of binge eating disorder (BED), bulimia nervosa (BN), and recurrent binge eating (RBE). Information on their food consumption in objective and subjective binge eating episodes (OBE and SBE, respectively), as well as in the 24 h food recall were obtained. Individuals from the general population consumed 56% of their total calories from HPF. In non-binge meals, people with BN consumed substantially fewer calories from HPF than BED (63% vs. 48%) and RBE (63% vs. 48%) groups. During OBE, participants consumed an average of 70% of the calories from HPF, with no between-group differences. During SBE, subjects with BN consumed substantially fewer calories from HPF than those with BED (76% vs. 50%). In conclusion, HPF were highly consumed by the Brazilian population. However, there was a greater impact on BED and RBE subjects and during binge eating episodes.

Atuação da Enfermagem com pacientes acometidos de transtornos alimentares: análise de filmes e documentários / Nursing performance with patients suffering from eating disorders: analysis of films and documentaries / Cuidados de enfermería con pacientes que sufren trastornos alimentarios: análisis de películas y documentales

Objetivo: analisar a atuação da Enfermagem junto a pacientes com transtornos alimentares em filmes sobre o assunto. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório desenvolvido a partir de dados secundários. Utilizaram-se a base de dados cinematográfica Internet Move Database e descritores em português e inglês, que foram: "anorexia", "bulimia" e/ou "transtornos alimentares". Adotaram-se como critérios de inclusão: criações audiovisuais produzidas entre 1998 e 2020; o conteúdo estar disponível nas plataformas de streaming elencadas; as criações terem áudio e/ou legendas em português; e o filme ter alguma cena com o profissional de Enfermagem. Seis mídias atenderam a esses critérios e foram analisadas a partir de um roteiro que investiga a abordagem da Enfermagem no tratamento dos transtornos alimentares. Para elencar a produção mais indicada para finalidade didática, foram considerados seis critérios objetivos. Resultados: a maioria dos enredos veiculou a Enfermagem de modo estereotipado e com pouca autonomia, além de atribuir uma postura de "mau" ou "bom ajudante do médico" a esses profissionais. Embora nenhum enredo tenha atendido a todos os critérios objetivos de maneira satisfatória, a produção audiovisual que correspondeu à maior parte dos critérios foi aquela indicada para a finalidade didática. Conclusão: as produções, de um modo geral, condizem mais com o modelo médico assistencialista, na qual o enfermeiro desenvolve ações de prevalência tecnicistas, de supervisão e desintegradas da equipe multiprofissional em detrimento do modelo biopsicossocial, o qual demanda raciocínio clínico, pensamento crítico e conhecimento científico fundamentado.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the performance of Nursing with patients with eating disorders in films about the subject. Method: this is a descriptive-exploratory study developed from secondary data. The film database Internet Move Database and descriptors in Portuguese and English were used, which were: "anorexia", "bulimia" and/or "eating disorders". The following inclusion criteria were adopted: audiovisual creations produced between 1998 and 2020; the content is available on the listed streaming platforms; the creations have audio and/or subtitles in Portuguese; and the film has a scene with the Nursing professional. Six media met these criteria and were analyzed based on a script that investigates Nursing's approach to the treatment of eating disorders. To list the most suitable production for didactic purposes, six objective criteria were considered. Results: most plots conveyed Nursing in a stereotyped way and with little autonomy, in addition to attributing a "bad" or "good doctor's helper" attitude to these professionals. Although no plot met all the objective criteria satisfactorily, the audiovisual production that met most of the criteria was the one indicated for didactic purposes. Conclusion: the productions, in general, are more in line with the medical care model, in which the nurse develops actions that are technical, supervisory, and disintegrated from the multidisciplinary team to the detriment of the biopsychosocial model, which demands clinical reasoning, critical thinking and grounded scientific knowledge.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar los cuidados de enfermería frente a pacientes con trastornos alimentarios en películas sobre el tema. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo-exploratorio desarrollado a partir de datos secundarios. Se utilizó la base de datos cinematográfica "Internet Move Database" y las palabras clave en portugués e inglés, las cuales fueron: "anorexia", "bulimia" y/o "trastornos alimentarios". Fueron adoptados los siguientes criterios de inclusión: creaciones audiovisuales producidas entre los años 1998 y 2020; el contenido estar disponible en las plataformas de streaming listadas; tener audio y/o subtítulos en portugués; y alguna escena con el profesional de Enfermería. Seis medios cumplieron estos criterios y fueron analizados a...(AU)

Sintomas de transtornos alimentares em acadêmicos de medicina / Symptoms of eating disorders in medical students

Objetivo: avaliar os sintomas de transtornos alimentares em estudantes do Curso de Medicina do Centro Universitário Christus. Métodos: o estudo foi realizado com acadêmicos do quarto semestre do curso de Medicina. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e antropométrico e os instrumentos Eating Atitudes Test (EAT-26); Binge Eating Scale (BES); e Sick Control One Stone Fat Food Questionnaire (SCOFF). Resultados: participaram do estudo 78 alunos, sendo 54 pessoas do sexo feminino (69,23%). A média de idade dos participantes foi de 22 (±4,7) anos, e o IMC médio foi de 24,33 (±4,11) kg/m2. Quanto ao SCOFF, 38,46% dos participantes apresentaram elevada probabilidade de transtorno alimentar, 14,10% apresentaram alto risco para desenvolverem transtornos alimentares segundo o EAT-26, e 12,82% apresentaram escores sugestivos de presença de compulsão alimentar moderada mediante o uso da BES. Conclusão: os transtornos alimentares e os comportamentos alimentares alterados foram identificados entre os acadêmicos de medicina. Assim, são necessárias intervenções de educação em saúde e de apoio psicológico para esta população, objetivando reduzir o risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares.

Objective: this study aimed to evaluate the symptoms of eating disorders in medical students at Centro Universitário Christus. Methods: the study was carried out with fourth-semester medical students. A sociodemographic and anthropometric questionnaire was used, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) instruments; Binge Eating Scale (BES); and Sick Control One Stone Fat Food Questionnaire (SCOFF). Results: 78 students participated in the study, 54 of whom were female (69.23%). The mean age of the participants was 22 (±4.7) years and the mean BMI was 24.33 (±4.11) kg/m2. As for the SCOFF, 38.46% of the participants had a high probability of having an eating disorder, 14.10% had a high risk of developing eating disorders according to the EAT-26, and 12.82% had scores suggestive of the presence of moderate binge eating using BES. Conclusion: eating disorders and altered eating behaviors were identified among medical students. Thus, health education and psychological support interventions are needed for this population, aiming to reduce the risk of developing eating disorders.

Anorexia and bulimia nervosa in the practice of the paediatric dentist.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to highlight the usefulness of the clinical examination of the oral cavity for the diagnostic suspicion of anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), being of main interest to the paediatric dentist and paediatrician due to the early onset of symptoms in Eating Disorders (EDs). METHOD: A systematic search, applying PICO question, was carried out in biomedical and other electronic databases from 2005 to 2020. Both case reports and case series of patients under 65 years of age with AN and BN were included. Data were extracted and statistically analysed. RESULTS: A sample of 111 studies was obtained (n = 192; 92.78% female). The most prevalent diagnosis was restrictive type AN (n = 110; 57.29%). Only 16 (8.33%) patients had been clinically examined at the oral cavity, indicating the presence or absence of oral manifestations (OM) and showing dental erosion (n = 10) as the most frequent. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of information about the oral examination of anorexic and bulimic patients. Dental erosion and other oral manifestations can help us to make an early ED diagnosis. Clinical observation and basic erosive wear examination (BEWE) Index are necessary steps to detect and record any anomaly in oral cavity during the evaluation of these patients.

Distúrbios alimentares e seus fatores genéticos: revisão de literatura / Eating disorders and their genetic factors: literature review / Trastornos alimentarios y sus factores genéticos: revisión de la literatura

Diversas condições psiquiátricas apresentam influência de fatores genéticos, e dentre essas condições encontram-se os distúrbios alimentares: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa e transtorno de compulsão alimentar. Os distúrbios previamente citados apresentam influência genética ligadas à hereditariedade, sendo que cada um deles apresenta características distintas quanto às suas manifestações clínicas, tratamento e diagnóstico. A importância da investigação deste tema e seu objetivo relaciona-se com o propósito de contribuir para elucidar quanto às características gerais dos principais distúrbios alimentares e seus fatores genéticos através da: etiologia, sinais e sintomas, diagnóstico e tratamento e que venha a possibilitar, futuramente, novos estudos com resultados para novas medidas terapêuticas. Como base da pesquisa, foi levantada a seguinte problemática: "Quais as características gerais dos principais distúrbios psiquiátricos, etiologia, sinais e sintomas, diagnóstico e tratamento?". Portanto, realizou- se uma uma busca ativa através dos descritores: "transtorno de compulsão alimentar"; "distúrbios alimentares"; "bulimia nervosa" e "anorexia nervosa", adquiriu-se material pelas fontes: SciELO, ELSEVIER, GOOGLE ACADÊMICO, PUBMED, MEDSCAPE e pelo periódico Arquivos e Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR. Com isso, foi adquirido material suficiente para concluir a influência genética perante tais distúrbios, além de elucidar suas principais características, tendo assim caráter educativo e científico.

Several psychiatric conditions have genetic factors influence, and among these conditions are eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. The previously mentioned disorders have a genetic influence linked to heredity, each one of them having different characteristics as to their clinical manifestations, treatment and diagnosis. The importance of research on this topic and its objective is related to the purpose of contributing to elucidate the general characteristics of the main eating disorders and their genetic factors through: etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment and that will make possible, in the future, new studies with results for new therapeutic measures. As a basis for the research, the following issue was raised: "What are the general characteristics of the main psychiatric disorders, etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment?". Therefore, an active search was carried out through the descriptors: "binge eating disorder"; "eating disorders"; " nervous bulimia" and " nervous anorexia", material was acquired by the sources: SciELO, ELSEVIER, GOOGLE ACADEMIC, PUBMED, MEDSCAPE and by UNIPAR's Archives and Health Sciences. With this, sufficient material was acquired to conclude the genetic influence in the face of such disturbances, besides elucidating its main characteristics, thus having an educational and scientific character.

Varios trastornos psiquiátricos tienen factores genéticos que influyen, y entre estos trastornos se encuentran los trastornos de la alimentación: anorexia nerviosa, bulimia nerviosa y trastorno por atracón. Los trastornos mencionados tienen una influencia genética vinculada a la herencia, cada uno de ellos con características diferentes en cuanto a sus manifestaciones clínicas, tratamiento y diagnóstico. La importancia de la investigación sobre este tema y su objetivo se relaciona con el propósito de contribuir a dilucidar las características generales de los principales trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y sus factores genéticos a través de: etiología, signos y síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamiento y que posibilitarán, en el futuro, nuevos estudios con resultados para nuevas medidas terapéuticas. Como base para la investigación se planteó la siguiente cuestión: "¿Cuáles son las características generales de los principales trastornos psiquiátricos, etiología, signos y síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamiento?". Por lo anterior, se realizó una búsqueda activa a través de los descriptores: "trastorno por atracón"; "trastornos de la conducta alimentaria"; "bulimia nerviosa" y "anorexia nerviosa", material adquirido por las fuentes: SciELO, ELSEVIER, GOOGLE ACADEMIC, PUBMED, MEDSCAPE y por Archivos y Ciencias de la Salud de UNIPAR. Con ello, se adquirió material suficiente para concluir la influencia genética ante tales alteraciones, además de dilucidar sus principales características, teniendo así un carácter educativo y científico.

Tratamento dos transtornos alimentares: perfil sociodemográfico, desfechos e fatores associados / Eating disorders treatment: sociodemographic profile, outcomes and associated factors

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil dos pacientes com transtornos alimentares (TAs) atendidos por um serviço especializado e investigar os fatores associados ao desfecho do tratamento. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, realizado com dados de pacientes com TAs que fizeram seguimento em um serviço especializado, desde a sua criação, em 1982, até 2019. Foram coletadas informações, nos prontuários médicos, referentes ao primeiro atendimento, de natureza sociodemográfica, clínica e antropométrica, e ao desfecho do tratamento. Resultados: Foram incluídos 271 pacientes. A amostra foi predominantemente do sexo feminino (89,7%), com idade média de 21,5 ± 9 anos, sem companheiro (86,9%) e diagnóstico de anorexia nervosa (AN) (65,7%), e o índice de massa corporal mais frequente foi de magreza (53,9%). A metade dos indivíduos tinha comorbidades psiquiátricas (50,6%), e 88,5% dos pacientes (n = 100) dos 113 prontuários com essa informação realizaram tratamento anterior. O tempo médio de tratamento foi de 2,16 ± 3,25 anos (1 mês a 40 anos). O abandono foi o desfecho terapêutico mais prevalente na amostra (68,3%). O maior tempo de tratamento e a realização de tratamento anterior reduziram a taxa de abandono, de forma significativa (p = 0,0001 e p = 0,0101, respectivamente). Para os pacientes com diagnóstico de transtorno de personalidade, a média de encaminhamento/inassistência foi 4,47 vezes maior (p = 0,0003). Conclusões: O perfil dos pacientes foi composto por mulheres adultas jovens, estudantes, sem companheiro, com AN, magreza e comorbidades psiquiátricas. A taxa de abandono foi elevada, e os fatores associados foram o tempo de tratamento e a realização de tratamento anterior. Além disso, transtornos de personalidade foram associados a encaminhamento para outro serviço e alta por inassistência.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the profile of patients with eating disorders (ED) treated by a specialized service and to investigate the factors associated with the treatment outcome. Methods: Retrospective study, with data from patients with ED who were followed up at a specialized service, since its creation, in 1982, until 2019. Information of a sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric nature and the outcome of the treatment were collected from the medical records regarding the first consultation. Results: Two hundred and seventy one patients were included. The sample was predominantly female (89.7%), with a mean age of 21.5 ± 9 years, without a partner (86.9%), diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN) (65.7%) and the most frequent body mass index was thinness (53.9%). Half of the individuals had psychiatric comorbidities (50.6%) and 88.5% (n = 100) of the 113 medical records with this information had undergone previous treatment. The mean treatment time was 2.16 ± 3.25 years (1 month to 40 years). Dropout was the most prevalent therapeutic outcome in the sample (68.3%). Longer treatment time and having undergone previous treatment significantly reduced the dropout rate (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0101, respectively). For patients diagnosed with a personality disorder, the mean referral/lack of assistance was 4.47 times higher (p = 0.0003). Conclusions: The patients' profile consisted of young adult women, students, single, with AN, thinness and psychiatric comorbidities. The dropout rate was high, and the predictors associated with this outcome were treatment time and previous treatment for ED. In addition, personality disorders were associated with referral to another service and discharge due to lack of assistance.