ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To verify the null hypothesis that in a high compliance testing system stress magnitude was not influenced by specimen dimensions and, therefore, by its cavity configuration factor (C-factor) and volume. METHODS: Twelve experimental groups were defined according to the specimen height (0.5, 1, 2 or 4mm) and diameter (4, 6 or 8mm). A selfcure composite (Bisfil 2B, Bisco) was inserted between the flat surfaces of two acrylic rods attached to the opposite ends of a universal testing machine. An extensometer with a gauge length of 10mm was attached to both rods to monitor specimen height. Force development was monitored for 30min and nominal stress was calculated dividing the maximum force value by the crossection of the rod. A second set of data was obtained dividing nominal stress by the corresponding longitudinal compliance (LC) of the system for that particular specimen size. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA/Tukey test (nominal stress), Kruskal/Wallis (normalized stress), both at alpha=5%, and regression analysis having either C-factor or volume as independent variable. RESULTS: Regression analysis involving nominal stress did not reveal strong relationships with the independent variables (C-factor: 0.437, volume: 0.662). A strong relationship was found between normalized stress and specimen volume (Radj(2)=0.886). Normalized stress showed no relationship with specimens' C-factor. Pairwise comparisons between groups with similar volumes revealed that normalized stress increased at higher C-factors. SIGNIFICANCE: By eliminating the influence of longitudinal compliance, a strong relationship between polymerization stress and specimen volume was revealed in a high compliance testing system.
Subject(s)
Polymerization , Stress, MechanicalABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do fator C na resistência adesiva à dentina humana de um compósito à base de silorano, comparando-o com um compósito à base de metacrilato. Foram utilizados 40 molares humanos hígidos. Em metade da amostra foi realizado um preparo do tipo Classe I, com dimensões de 4x4 mm e 2 mm de profundidade, enquanto na outra metade foi realizado um preparo virtual (flat) com auxílio de uma matriz de teflon branco, com as mesmas dimensões da cavidade (4x4x2 mm), apoiada na superfície de dentina exposta. Cada grupo foi divido em dois, de acordo com o sistema restaurador: Sistema Adesivo P90 e resina Filtek P90; Adper Scotchbond Multiuso e resina Filtek Z350 XT (3M ESPE). Após a aplicação do sistema adesivo segundo as especificações do fabricante, as cavidades (real e virtual) foram preenchidas com as resinas (Z350 XT e P90) em dois incrementos. Foi realizada a fotoativação de cada incremento durante 25s. Após uma semana, as coroas foram seccionadas, obtendo-se espécimes constituídos de resina/dente na forma de um paralelepípedo (palitos). Estes palitos foram utilizados para o teste de microtração (Emic), onde a resistência adesiva na unidade MPa foi calculada. Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente pelo teste de análise de variância ANOVA One-Way (p = 0,05), e pelo teste de múltiplas comparações Student Newman Keuls. Foi observada uma diferença estatística entre a resina P90 (flat= 16,13±7,7 MPa e Cavidade= 16,75±9,0 MPa) e a Z350 XT (flat= 25,82±11,6 MPa e Cavidade=24,47±13,5 MPa), independentemente do tipo de cavidade restaurada. E não foi possível observar diferença estatística entre os tipos de cavidades (real ou virtual) restauradas com a mesma resina. Através dos testes realizados, foi possível concluir que: o fator C não afetou a resistência adesiva dos dois sistemas restauradores utilizados, e o tipo de sistema restaurador afeta a resistência adesiva, sendo que o sistema à base de silorano apresenta ...
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the C factor in the bond strength of a composite based on silorane to human dentin, comparing its results with a methacrylate-based composite. A total of 40 human molars were used. In half of this sample was used a Class I standard preparation method, comprising the dimensions of 4x4 mm and 2 mm deep, while with the other half was used a virtual preparation method (flat), being applied a white Teflon matrix, respecting the same dimensions cavity (4x4x2 mm), supported on the surface of exposed dentin. Each group was divided into two parts, in accordance with the 2 different restorative systems: P90 Adhesive System and Filtek P90; Filtek Z350 XT and Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose (3 ESPE). Based on manufacturer's specifications the adhesive system was applied , the cavities (real and virtual) were filled with the resins (Z350 XT and P90) in two increments. Polymerization was performed for each increment during 25 seconds. After one week, the crowns were sectioned, obtaining specimens made of resin / tooth in the form of a parallelepiped (stick-shaped). These sticks were used in a microtensile test (Emic), where the bond strength was calculated in Mpa unit . It was used the analysis of variance One-Way ANOVA (p = 0.05) and also, the Student Newman Keuls test for multiple comparisons to evaluate the results statistically. It was observed a statistical difference between the P90 resin (flat = 16.13±7.7 MPa and cavity = 16.75±9.0 MPa) and Z350 XT (flat = 25.82±11.6 MPa and cavity = 24.47±13.5 MPa), regardless of the cavity restored. And it was not possible to observe a statistical difference between the types of cavities (real or flat) restored with the same composite. The conclusion of the tests is: the C factor did not affect the bond strength of two restorative systems applied, and the type of restorative system affects the bond strength, and the system based on silorano presents ...
Subject(s)
Humans , Compomers , Dental Cavity Lining , Resins, Synthetic , Analysis of Variance , Dentin , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Molar , PolymerizationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of C-factor and light-curing protocol on gap formation in composite resin restorations. Material and METHODS: Cylindrical cavities with 5.0 mm diameter and three different depths (A=1.0, B=2.0 and C=3.0 mm) were prepared on the occlusal surface of 30 human molars and restored in a single increment with P 60. The composite resin was light-cured according to two protocols: standard - 850 mW/cm² / 20 s and gradual - 100 up to 1000 mW/cm² / 10 s + 1000 mW/cm² / 10 s. After storage in distilled water (37°C/7 days), the restorations were cut into three slices in a buccolingual direction and the gap widths were analyzed using a 3D-scanning system. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test (alpha=0.05). RESULTS: ANOVA detected a significant influence for the C-factor and light-curing protocol as independent factors, and for the double interaction C-factor vs. light-curing protocol. Cavities with higher C-factor presented the highest gap formation. The gradual light-curing protocol led to smaller gap formation at cavity interfaces. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that the C-factor played an essential role in gap formation. The gradual light-curing protocol may allow relaxation of composite resin restoration during polymerization reaction.