Trustworthy High-Performance Multiplayer Games with Trust-but-Verify Protocol Sensor Validation.

Multiplayer online video games are a multibillion-dollar industry, to which widespread cheating presents a significant threat. Game designers compromise on game security to meet demanding performance targets, but reduced security increases the risk of potential malicious exploitation. To mitigate this risk, game developers implement alternative security sensors. The alternative sensors themselves become a liability due to their intrusive and taxing nature. Online multiplayer games with real-time gameplay are known to be difficult to secure due to the cascading exponential nature of many-many relationships among the components involved. Behavior-based security sensor schemes, or referees (a trusted third party), could be a potential solution but require frameworks to obtain the game state information they need. We describe our Trust-Verify Game Protocol (TVGP), which is a sensor protocol intended for low-trust environments and designed to provide game state information to help support behavior-based cheat-sensing detection schemes. We argue TVGP is an effective solution for applying an independent trusted referee capability to trust-lacking subdomains and demands high-performance requirements. Our experimental results validate high efficiency and performance standards for TVGP. We identify and discuss the operational domain assumptions of the TVGP validation testing presented here.

A Novel Dynamic Bit Rate Analysis Technique for Adaptive Video Streaming over HTTP Support.

Recently, there has been an increase in research interest in the seamless streaming of video on top of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) in cellular networks (3G/4G). The main challenges involved are the variation in available bit rates on the Internet caused by resource sharing and the dynamic nature of wireless communication channels. State-of-the-art techniques, such as Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH), support the streaming of stored video, but they suffer from the challenge of live video content due to fluctuating bit rate in the network. In this work, a novel dynamic bit rate analysis technique is proposed to model client-server architecture using attention-based long short-term memory (A-LSTM) networks for solving the problem of smooth video streaming over HTTP networks. The proposed client system analyzes the bit rate dynamically, and a status report is sent to the server to adjust the ongoing session parameter. The server assesses the dynamics of the bit rate on the fly and calculates the status for each video sequence. The bit rate and buffer length are given as sequential inputs to LSTM to produce feature vectors. These feature vectors are given different weights to produce updated feature vectors. These updated feature vectors are given to multi-layer feed forward neural networks to predict six output class labels (144p, 240p, 360p, 480p, 720p, and 1080p). Finally, the proposed A-LSTM work is evaluated in real-time using a code division multiple access evolution-data optimized network (CDMA20001xEVDO Rev-A) with the help of an Internet dongle. Furthermore, the performance is analyzed with the full reference quality metric of streaming video to validate our proposed work. Experimental results also show an average improvement of 37.53% in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and 5.7% in structural similarity (SSIM) index over the commonly used buffer-filling technique during the live streaming of video.

Blockchain Socket Factories with RMI-Enabled Framework for Fine-Grained Healthcare Applications.

The usage of digital and intelligent healthcare applications on mobile devices has grown progressively. These applications are generally distributed and access remote healthcare services on the user's applications from different hospital sources. These applications are designed based on client-server architecture and different paradigms such as socket, remote procedure call, and remote method invocation (RMI). However, these existing paradigms do not offer a security mechanism for healthcare applications in distributed mobile-fog-cloud networks. This paper devises a blockchain-socket-RMI-based framework for fine-grained healthcare applications in the mobile-fog-cloud network. This study introduces a new open healthcare framework for applied research purposes and has blockchain-socket-RMI abstraction level classes for healthcare applications. The goal is to meet the security and deadline requirements of fine-grained healthcare tasks and minimize execution and data validation costs during processing applications in the system. This study introduces a partial proof of validation (PPoV) scheme that converts the workload into the hash and validates it among mobile, fog, and cloud nodes during offloading, execution, and storing data in the secure form. Simulation discussions illustrate that the proposed blockchain-socket-RMI minimizes the processing and blockchain costs and meets the security and deadline requirements of fine-grained healthcare tasks of applications as compared to existing frameworks in work.

Potent Blockchain-Enabled Socket RPC Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) Framework for Medical Enterprises.

Present-day intelligent healthcare applications offer digital healthcare services to users in a distributed manner. The Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) is the mechanism of the Internet of Things (IoT) found in different healthcare applications, with devices that are attached to external fog cloud networks. Using different mobile applications connecting to cloud computing, the applications of the IoHT are remote healthcare monitoring systems, high blood pressure monitoring, online medical counseling, and others. These applications are designed based on a client-server architecture based on various standards such as the common object request broker (CORBA), a service-oriented architecture (SOA), remote method invocation (RMI), and others. However, these applications do not directly support the many healthcare nodes and blockchain technology in the current standard. Thus, this study devises a potent blockchain-enabled socket RPC IoHT framework for medical enterprises (e.g., healthcare applications). The goal is to minimize service costs, blockchain security costs, and data storage costs in distributed mobile cloud networks. Simulation results show that the proposed blockchain-enabled socket RPC minimized the service cost by 40%, the blockchain cost by 49%, and the storage cost by 23% for healthcare applications.

Studierfenster: an Open Science Cloud-Based Medical Imaging Analysis Platform.

Imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are widely used in diagnostics, clinical studies, and treatment planning. Automatic algorithms for image analysis have thus become an invaluable tool in medicine. Examples of this are two- and three-dimensional visualizations, image segmentation, and the registration of all anatomical structure and pathology types. In this context, we introduce Studierfenster ( www.studierfenster.at ): a free, non-commercial open science client-server framework for (bio-)medical image analysis. Studierfenster offers a wide range of capabilities, including the visualization of medical data (CT, MRI, etc.) in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) space in common web browsers, such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, or Microsoft Edge. Other functionalities are the calculation of medical metrics (dice score and Hausdorff distance), manual slice-by-slice outlining of structures in medical images, manual placing of (anatomical) landmarks in medical imaging data, visualization of medical data in virtual reality (VR), and a facial reconstruction and registration of medical data for augmented reality (AR). More sophisticated features include the automatic cranial implant design with a convolutional neural network (CNN), the inpainting of aortic dissections with a generative adversarial network, and a CNN for automatic aortic landmark detection in CT angiography images. A user study with medical and non-medical experts in medical image analysis was performed, to evaluate the usability and the manual functionalities of Studierfenster. When participants were asked about their overall impression of Studierfenster in an ISO standard (ISO-Norm) questionnaire, a mean of 6.3 out of 7.0 possible points were achieved. The evaluation also provided insights into the results achievable with Studierfenster in practice, by comparing these with two ground truth segmentations performed by a physician of the Medical University of Graz in Austria. In this contribution, we presented an online environment for (bio-)medical image analysis. In doing so, we established a client-server-based architecture, which is able to process medical data, especially 3D volumes. Our online environment is not limited to medical applications for humans. Rather, its underlying concept could be interesting for researchers from other fields, in applying the already existing functionalities or future additional implementations of further image processing applications. An example could be the processing of medical acquisitions like CT or MRI from animals [Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 84(4):448-456, 68], which get more and more common, as veterinary clinics and centers get more and more equipped with such imaging devices. Furthermore, applications in entirely non-medical research in which images/volumes need to be processed are also thinkable, such as those in optical measuring techniques, astronomy, or archaeology.

A Lightweight Mutual Authentication and Privacy-preservation Scheme for Intelligent Wearable Devices in Industrial-CPS.

Industry 5.0 is the digitalization, automation and data exchange of industrial processes that involve artificial intelligence, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), and Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (I-CPS). In healthcare, I-CPS enables the intelligent wearable devices to gather data from the real-world and transmit to the virtual world for decision-making. I-CPS makes our lives comfortable with the emergence of innovative healthcare applications. Similar to any other IIoT paradigm, I-CPS capable healthcare applications face numerous challenging issues. The resource-constrained nature of wearable devices and their inability to support complex security mechanisms provide an ideal platform to malevolent entities for launching attacks. To preserve the privacy of wearable devices and their data in an I-CPS environment, we propose a lightweight mutual authentication scheme. Our scheme is based on client-server interaction model that uses symmetric encryption for establishing secured sessions among the communicating entities. After mutual authentication, the privacy risk associated with a patient data is predicted using an AI-enabled Hidden Markov Model (HMM). We analyzed the robustness and security of our scheme using BurrowsAbadiNeedham (BAN) logic. This analysis shows that the use of lightweight security primitives for the exchange of session keys makes the proposed scheme highly resilient in terms of security, efficiency, and robustness. Finally, the proposed scheme incurs nominal overhead in terms of processing, communication and storage and is capable to combat a wide range of adversarial threats.

Design and Implementation of a YARP Device Driver Interface: The Depth-Sensor Case.

This work illustrates the design phases leading to the development of a new YARP device interface along with its client/server implementation. In order to obtain a smoother integration and a more reliable software usability, while avoiding common errors during the design phases, a new interface is created in the YARP network when a new family of devices is introduced.

A Novel Computer-Based Set-Up to Study Movement Coordination in Human Ensembles.

Existing experimental works on movement coordination in human ensembles mostly investigate situations where each subject is connected to all the others through direct visual and auditory coupling, so that unavoidable social interaction affects their coordination level. Here, we present a novel computer-based set-up to study movement coordination in human groups so as to minimize the influence of social interaction among participants and implement different visual pairings between them. In so doing, players can only take into consideration the motion of a designated subset of the others. This allows the evaluation of the exclusive effects on coordination of the structure of interconnections among the players in the group and their own dynamics. In addition, our set-up enables the deployment of virtual computer players to investigate dyadic interaction between a human and a virtual agent, as well as group synchronization in mixed teams of human and virtual agents. We show how this novel set-up can be employed to study coordination both in dyads and in groups over different structures of interconnections, in the presence as well as in the absence of virtual agents acting as followers or leaders. Finally, in order to illustrate the capabilities of the architecture, we describe some preliminary results. The platform is available to any researcher who wishes to unfold the mechanisms underlying group synchronization in human ensembles and shed light on its socio-psychological aspects.

Design and application of teaching and examination system based on Delphi for obstetric nurse / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a teaching and examination system based on Delphi for the obstetric nurse. Methods The teaching materials were collected for the obstetric nurse, the teaching and examination mode was analyzed, and Delphi was used for programming and MySQL database was applied to teaching and examination data. Results The system had easy operation, high stability and rapid response to the database, and could meet the requirements for the teaching and examination of the trainee nurse. Conclusion The system realizes informatization and high expansibility of obstetric teaching and examination, and thus is worthy promoting practically.

Design of clock synchronization system for multi-functional monitor / 中国医学装备

Objective: To design a clock synchronization system for multi-functional monitor so as to apply objective and accurate technical means to realize automatic synchronization for clock of bedside multi-functional monitor. Methods: The simple network time protocol(SNTP) which was defined in the standard of consistent time(CT) from integrating the healthcare enterprise(IHE) were chosen and clock synchronization source which suited to medical organization were adopted, and all of them were applied to design clock synchronization system based on Windows platform. Results: The clock synchronization system can be integrated to connect with the original monitor system, and 7 central station monitor systems were integrated and connected, and total of 58 multi-functional monitors were joined up. Except manual synchronization mode, both of satellite and internet can achieve real time synchronization of clock for 58 bedside monitors. Conclusion: The clock synchronization system of bedside multi-functional monitor can effectively realize clock synchronization of monitor system, and it can avoid the potential risks caused by time inconsistency. At the same time, it can connect with more emergency equipment to realize clock synchronization.

A client-server software for the identification of groundwater vulnerability to pesticides at regional level.

The groundwater VULnerability to PESticide software system (VULPES) is a user-friendly, GIS-based and client-server software developed to identify vulnerable areas to pesticides at regional level making use of pesticide fate models. It is a Decision Support System aimed to assist the public policy makers to investigate areas sensitive to specific substances and to propose limitations of use or mitigation measures. VULPES identify the so-called Uniform Geographical Unit (UGU) which are areas characterised by the same agro-environmental conditions. In each UGU it applies the PELMO model obtaining the 80th percentile of the substance concentration at 1 metre depth; then VULPES creates a vulnerability map in shapefile format which classifies the outputs comparing them with the lower threshold set to the legal limit concentration in groundwater (0.1 µg/l). This paper describes the software structure in details and a case study with the application of the terbuthylazine herbicide on the Lombardy region territory. Three zones with different degrees of vulnerabilities has been identified and described.

Sistema de visualización remota para la representación interactiva de volúmenes de datos médicos / Remote visualization system for interactive representation of medical volume dataset

Las aplicaciones de visualización médica han adquirido un elevado auge en la medicina a nivel mundial, ya que les permite a los médicos especialistas realizar diagnósticos preoperatorios no invasivos y de alta precisión desde una perspectiva 3D. La idea principal de la misma es obtener un modelo tridimensional de alta resolución gráfica a partir de imágenes médicas digitales de las modalidades de Tomografía Axial Computarizada y Resonancia Magnética Nuclear. Los usuarios de este tipo de aplicaciones demandan de forma creciente que las aplicaciones permitan el diagnóstico de patologías en un entorno de trabajo colaborativo. En este trabajo presentamos una arquitectura para sistemas de visualización remota basados en la transmisión de imágenes. El esquema de comunicación y transmisión de datos e imágenes entre el servidor y los clientes utiliza RTP como protocolo de comunicación. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la variante de algoritmo RLE implementada permite obtener visualizaciones interactivas y en tiempo real con un consumo mínimo del ancho de banda de la red(AU)

Three-dimensional medical visualization applications have acquired a high rise in medicine. They allow specialized doctors to make preoperative diagnostics with high accuracy from a 3D perspective. The main idea of medical visualization is to obtain a three-dimensional and high-resolution graphics from digital medical imaging modalities like computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The users of these applications increasingly demand that applications allow diagnosis in a collaborative work environment. Architecture for remote visualization systems based on image is presented. The server and client scheme of communication and transmission of data and images use RTP as communication protocol. Our results show that the implemented variant of RLE algorithm allows interactive and real time representation with a minimum of bandwidth(AU)

A client-server framework for 3D remote visualization of radiotherapy treatment space.

Radiotherapy is safely employed for treating wide variety of cancers. The radiotherapy workflow includes a precise positioning of the patient in the intended treatment position. While trained radiation therapists conduct patient positioning, consultation is occasionally required from other experts, including the radiation oncologist, dosimetrist, or medical physicist. In many circumstances, including rural clinics and developing countries, this expertise is not immediately available, so the patient positioning concerns of the treating therapists may not get addressed. In this paper, we present a framework to enable remotely located experts to virtually collaborate and be present inside the 3D treatment room when necessary. A multi-3D camera framework was used for acquiring the 3D treatment space. A client-server framework enabled the acquired 3D treatment room to be visualized in real-time. The computational tasks that would normally occur on the client side were offloaded to the server side to enable hardware flexibility on the client side. On the server side, a client specific real-time stereo rendering of the 3D treatment room was employed using a scalable multi graphics processing units (GPU) system. The rendered 3D images were then encoded using a GPU-based H.264 encoding for streaming. Results showed that for a stereo image size of 1280 × 960 pixels, experts with high-speed gigabit Ethernet connectivity were able to visualize the treatment space at approximately 81 frames per second. For experts remotely located and using a 100 Mbps network, the treatment space visualization occurred at 8-40 frames per second depending upon the network bandwidth. This work demonstrated the feasibility of remote real-time stereoscopic patient setup visualization, enabling expansion of high quality radiation therapy into challenging environments.

Design and development of medical consumables management system based on C/S mode / 医疗卫生装备

Medical consumables management plays an important role in hospital management from the view of both enhancing the hospital management and facilitating the computation of consuming material cost.Based on the practical experience of the consumables management system,this paper presents a plan for medical consumable management system based on C/S mode,and its main functions and features.

Order Communication System using PC Server in a Large-scale Hospital / 대한의료정보학회지

In this study, using PC server. we developed large scale hospital order communication system which is classified into 3 categories of business: clinical business, clinical support business, patient management business. In all the programs to build OCS, the user's convenience was considered as a top priority. which was built in the environment of 'window'; in this, the tool to develop the programs was a 'Visual Basic' In consideration of the aspect of operation. the programs were consolidated into one kind. The database was built into a relation-type database. MS/SQL which is easily interchangeable or portable personal database: and data exchange with real users was also made casy. Since all kinds of business concerned built in open system, this hospital information system can actively cope with any of environmental changes, and since this system was developed by manpower within an organization of a hospital. the system can flexibly and efficiently correspond to its operation.

On The Development of A Korean Medical Health IC Card / 대한의료정보학회지

The goal of the Korean Medical Health IC card is to fully incorporate with a hospital information system (HIS) in various medical institutes and also to cooperate with other EDI and HIS systems maintained by the Korean government and other medical institutes. Proposed system is built on Client/Server computing environment. The server is currently being developed to run under the Windows NT environment. In near future, the server will be expanded to UNIX environment which is widely used in the larger medical institutes. The proposed system facilitates functions to secure medical information using Crypto-API which is the basic security mechanism provided in the Windows NT system to construct a system environment together with the operating system. This paper focuses on the following three categories: 1) Review on up-to-dated status of IC card technology issued in international and domestic area and medical informatics, 2) Research on the development of Korean standardization of medical information stored in the medical health IC card and relations with existing/planned international standards, and 3) research on the current status of existing medical databases adopted in Korean medical institutes. The key issue of a medical health IC card is to incorporate IC card into a client system as a PC system-following the PC/SC guidelines that tightly coupled between the PC system and the IC card subsystem. The owner of the medical health IC card can bows his/her medical information using a client application, which is developed to access the medical information and the IC card terminal. The owner also can request other extra medical information on the medical institutes' database through the network information retrieval system. The Korean Medical Health IC card enhances the interface usability so that user can easily use a medical health IC card in a general network environment such as an electric commerce system. As a part of our long term plans, to cooperate with the existing EDI and HIS systems developed on domestic medical institutes and related government institutes, the investigation and analysis of domestic medical system is being under way. The developed system will also be put into field tests in major domestic hospitals and the Korean medical insurance management institute.

Design and Implementation of Automatic Updates Client Software in No.1 Military Medical Project / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To solve completely the problem which the software in No.1 Military Medical Project do not be updated automatically in C/S mode.Methods By directly connecting log in the database server,the query table whether there are new procedures and downloaded to a local client,and then run the client grogram.Results Not only the program was updated automatically but also the program can be started automatically and the many attached programs may be updated in the same time.Conclusion With the programs updated automatically,the workload of engineers and errors are reduced,and the work efficiency is also improved greatly.