Satisfacción con la relación de pareja y conflictos por el uso del celular en adultos peruanos

En la relación de pareja, el empleo del celular puede llegar a ocasionar conflictos, lo que afectaría la valoración de la unión conyugal. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la satisfacción con la relación de pareja y los conflictos por el uso del celular en adultos peruanos. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio cuantitativo, de tipo no experimental, transversal y correlacional. La muestra fue constituida por 325 adultos peruanos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. La información se recolectó mediante la técnica de la encuesta y como instrumento dos cuestionarios, la Escala de Valoración de la Relación propuesto por Hendrick y la Escala de Conflictos Relacionados al uso del celular de Roberts y David. Resultados. La satisfacción con la relación de pareja fue mayormente moderada para el 43,5%. Entre tanto, indicaron algún nivel de conflicto por el uso del celular el 72,9%. Además, no se encontró diferencias significativas en la satisfacción con la relación de pareja según el sexo. Conclusiones. Existe relación negativa moderada y significativa entre la satisfacción con la relación de pareja y los conflictos por el uso del celular en adultos peruanos (rs= -0.456), donde se alcanzó una p=0,000 (<0.05). De esta manera se sostiene que a mayor satisfacción, menores serán los conflictos percibidos por el uso del celular.

In the couple relationship, the use of cell phones can lead to conflicts, which would affect the assessment of the marital union. Objective: To determine the association between satisfaction with the couple relationship and conflicts due to cell phone use in Peruvian adults. Materials and Methods. Quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational study. The sample consisted of 325 Peruvian adults through non-probabilistic sampling. The information was collected using the survey technique and two questionnaires as instruments, the Relationship Assessment Scale proposed by Hendrick and the Conflicts Related to Cell Phone Use Scale by Roberts and David. Results. Satisfaction with the couple relationship was mostly moderate at 43.5%. Meanwhile, 72.9% indicated some level of conflict due to cell phone use. Furthermore, no significant differences were found in satisfaction with the couple relationship according to sex. Conclusions. There is a moderate and significant negative relationship between satisfaction with the couple relationship and conflicts due to cell phone use in Peruvian adults (rs= -0.456), where p=0.000 (<0.05) was reached. In this way, it is argued that the greater the satisfaction, the fewer the perceived conflicts due to cell phone use.

No relacionamento conjugal, o uso de celulares pode levar a conflitos, o que afetaria a avaliação da união conjugal. Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre a satisfação com o relacionamento conjugal e os conflitos devido ao uso de celular em adultos peruanos. Materiais e Métodos. Estudo quantitativo, não experimental, transversal e correlacional. A amostra foi constituída por 325 adultos peruanos através de amostragem não probabilística. As informações foram coletadas utilizando a técnica de survey e dois questionários como instrumentos, a Escala de Avaliação de Relacionamento proposta por Hendrick e a Escala de Conflitos Relacionados ao Uso de Celular de Roberts e David. Resultados. A satisfação com o relacionamento conjugal foi predominantemente moderada em 43,5%. Enquanto isso, 72,9% indicaram algum nível de conflito devido ao uso de celular. Além disso, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na satisfação com o relacionamento conjugal de acordo com o sexo. Conclusões. Existe uma relação negativa moderada e significativa entre a satisfação com o relacionamento conjugal e os conflitos devido ao uso de celular em adultos peruanos (rs= -0,456), onde foi atingido p=0,000 (<0,05). Dessa forma, argumenta-se que quanto maior a satisfação, menores serão os conflitos percebidos devido ao uso de celular.

Dealing with couple infidelity in romantic relationships: A group intervention feasibility study.

The extent to which group therapy benefits individuals who have experienced couple infidelity remains unexamined. In this study, a brief group intervention for individuals who experienced couple infidelity was designed, and the feasibility of the intervention was evaluated (i.e., acceptability; implementation; measurements' performance and, limited-efficacy testing). The final sample was composed of 20 women and 4 men (M = 29.95 years, SD = 12.3). Twenty-four completed pre and post assessments and 20 of these completed the follow-up assessment. At pre, post, and follow-up, participants responded to a questionnaire packet that included measures of depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms, relationship self-efficacy, centrality of event, cognitive fusion, and decision to forgive. Also, follow-up interviews were conducted. The closed group intervention consisted of eight 90-min weekly sessions. The group therapy process component was based on solution-focused therapy. Psychoeducation component included mindfulness, reflection on personal values, factors that contribute to infidelity, and forgiveness. Session rating scores indicated an overall high acceptance of the intervention, its contents, and goals. Interview reports showed that dealing with thoughts and emotions, understanding infidelity, and forgiveness were the most helpful contents. Group support and processes were also positively valued. Repeated-measures MANOVA results indicated statistically significant decrease in symptoms, cognitive fusion, and importance of the event, as well as an increase in self-efficacy. Measurement instruments showed adequate reliability. These results indicate that a group treatment may be an alternative format to help individuals deal with psychological consequences of couple infidelity, when couple therapy is not possible.

Presentation of the Multidimensional Couple: Socioemotional Impact Scale / Presentación de la Pareja Multidimensional: Escala de Impacto Socioemocional

ABSTRACT Introduction: A systemic instrument is presented to measure the socioemotional network in relation to the partner and the person's perception of the impact of this intimate network on his or her partner for his or her classification. It is based on the idea that a nurtured social network brings positive benefits to one's nuclear partner. In order to verify this assumption both in research and in clinical practice, it is necessary to construct a complex instrument that allows reaching different dimensions within and outside the couple. Objective: The study seeks the construction and validation of the Multidimensional Couple scale to measure seven dimensions in the couple: emotional, cognitive, physical interest, protection, trust, respect and power, as well as an additional dimension to classify the type of couple. Method: An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (CFA) were carried out to test the psychometric properties and the adequacy to the theoretical model. A total of 1149 people (71.5% women and 28% men) living in Mexico participated. Result: The presence of a scale formed by 7 dimensions in the couple and a second order factor is confirmed, which can be applied both by adjusting the answers to the couple itself and to other people different from the couple. The goodness-of-fit and reliability indices are satisfactory. Conclusion: This scale provides a psychometric instrument that allows the study of the relationship between the couple.

RESUMEN Introducción: Se presenta un instrumento de origen sistémico para medir la red socioemocional en relación con la pareja y la percepción de la persona sobre el impacto de esta red íntima en su pareja para su clasificación. Se parte de la idea de que una red social nutrida aporta beneficios positivos en la propia pareja nuclear. Para la comprobación de este supuesto tanto investigación como en la práctica clínica, se hace necesaria la construcción de un instrumento complejo que permita alcanzar diferentes dimensiones dentro y fuera de la pareja. Objetivo: El estudio busca la construcción y validación de la escala La Pareja Multidimensional para medir siete dimensiones en la pareja: emocional, cognitiva, interés físico, protección confianza, respeto y poder, así como una dimensión adicional que permita clasificar el tipo de pareja. Método: Se ha llevado a cabo un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (EFA) y Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (CFA) para comprobar las propiedades psicométricas y la adecuación al modelo teórico. Participó un total de 1149 personas (71.5% mujeres y 28% hombres) residentes en México. Resultados: Se confirma la presencia de una escala formada por 7 dimensiones en la pareja y un factor de segundo orden, que se puede aplicar tanto adecuando las respuestas a la propia pareja como a otras personas diferentes a esta. Los índices de bondad de ajuste y de fiabilidad son satisfactorios. Conclusión: Con esta escala se aporta un instrumento psicométrico que permite estudiar las diferentes dimensiones de la pareja y cómo estas se alimentan en base al establecimiento de relaciones con personas ajenas a la misma.

Coabitação durante a pandemia de covid-19: a experiência de casais jovens adultos / Cohabitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: the experience of young adult couples / La cohabitación en el transcurso de la pandemia del covid-19: la experiencia de parejas jóvenes adultas / Cohabitation pendant la pandemie de COVID-19: l'expérience de jeunes couples adultes

Resumo Este estudo qualitativo visou compreender a experiência de oito casais de adultos jovens em coabitação durante a pandemia de covid-19 e as repercussões do período na vida conjugal. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, seis presenciais e duas online, com casais heterossexuais, sem filhos, que coabitavam há menos de três anos. A análise temática reflexiva gerou três temas: desafios e dificuldades na pandemia; aproximação entre o casal; ganhos e aprendizados. Níveis aumentados de estresse, insegurança e ansiedade, sensação de sobrecarga e de privação devido às medidas de distanciamento social, dificuldades na delimitação dos espaços individuais dentro de casa e aumento nos conflitos conjugais foram os principais desafios relatados. Apesar disso, o enfrentamento colaborativo resultou em maior intimidade e no fortalecimento do vínculo conjugal, aumentando o compromisso com a relação. Tais resultados ilustram como um contexto pandêmico pode impactar relacionamentos durante o início da coabitação.

Abstract This qualitative study investigated the cohabitation experience of eight young adult couples during in the pandemic and its repercussions on marital life. Semi structured interviews were conducted, six in-person and two online, with childfree heterosexual couples living together for less than three years. The reflexive thematic analysis generated three themes: pandemic-related challenges and difficulties, couple bonding, gains and learnings. Increased levels of stress, insecurity and anxiety, a sense of of overload and deprivation due to social distancing measures, difficulties in delimiting individual spaces within the home and an increase in marital conflicts were the main challenges reported. Conversely, the ability to collaboratively cope with these challenges resulted in more intimacy and strengthened the marital bond, generating greater couple commitment. These findings illustrate how pandemics can impact relationships during the beginning of cohabitation.

Resumen Este estudio cualitativo tuvo como objetivo comprender las experiencias de ocho parejas de adultos jóvenes en cohabitación en el transcurso de la pandemia del covid-19 y sus repercusiones en la vida conyugal. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, seis presenciales y dos en línea, con parejas heterosexuales, sin hijos, que vivían en cohabitación hace menos de tres años. El análisis temático reflexivo generó tres temas: desafíos y dificultades en la pandemia, acercamiento entre la pareja, conquistas y aprendizajes. El aumento de los niveles de estrés, inseguridad y ansiedad, los sentimientos de sobrecarga y privación por las medidas de distanciamiento social, las dificultades para delimitar los espacios individuales dentro del hogar y el aumento de los conflictos conyugales fueron los principales desafíos informados. Además, afrontar estos desafíos de forma colaborativa redundó en mayor intimidad y en el fortalecimiento del vínculo conyugal, repercutiendo en el aumento del compromiso con la relación. Estos resultados muestran cómo el contexto pandémico puede impactar el comienzo de la convivencia de las relaciones de pareja.

Résumé Cette étude qualitative a examiné l'expérience de cohabitation de huit jeunes couples adultes pendant la pandémie et ses répercussions sur la vie conjugale. Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés, six face-à-face et deux en ligne, auprès de couples hétérosexuels sans enfants vivant ensemble depuis moins de trois ans. L'analyse thématique réflexive a dégagé trois thèmes: les défis et difficultés liés à la pandémie, le lien du couple, les acquis et les enseignements. Des niveaux accrus de stress, d'insécurité et d'anxiété, des sentiments de surcharge et de privation dus aux mesures de distanciation sociale, des difficultés à délimiter les espaces individuels chez eux et une augmentation des conflits conjugaux sont les principaux défis signalés. Cependant, la capacité à faire face ensemble à ces défis a permis d'accroître l'intimité et de renforcer le lien conjugal, générant ainsi un plus grand engagement du couple. Ces résultats illustrent l'impact que les pandémies peuvent avoir sur les relations au début de la cohabitation.

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala para medir Creencias que perpetúan la Violencia Intrafamiliar en mujeres peruanas

Introducción: La violencia de pareja es un fenómeno que tiene importantes implicancias sociales y para la salud de las personas agredidas, y que requiere de instrumentos debidamente validados para su aplicación en el contexto forense. Objetivo: El presente estudio tiene por objetivo analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala para medir Creencias que Perpetúan la Violencia Intrafamiliar. Método: se trabajó con una muestra de 1.977 mujeres de la ciudad de Arequipa (en Perú), que fueron seleccionadas mediante métodos no probabilísticos. Resultados: Los resultados han confirmado la estructura de tres factores de la Escala para medir Creencias que Perpetúan la Violencia Intrafamiliar, mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio, que cuentan con óptimos índices de confiabilidad: Creencias perturbadoras de maltrato físico (ω= .895), Creencias perturbadoras de violencia doméstica (ω= .865), y Creencias perturbadoras de abuso sexual en menores (ω=.848). Conclusión: Se concluye que la Escala para medir Creencias que Perpetúan la Violencia Intrafamiliar presenta evidencias de validez y confiabilidad.

Introduction: The couple violence is a phenomenon with relevant social and health implications for the victims, and requires validated instruments for its application in forensic context. Objective: The present study has as aim to analyze the psychometric properties of the Scale for Measuring Beliefs that Perpetuate Intrafamiliar Violence. Method: A sample of 1977 women from Arequipa (in Peru) were selected by mean of non-probabilistic methods. Results: The results has confirmed the three factors structure of the Scale for Measuring Beliefs that Perpetuate Intrafamiliar Violence, by confirmatory factor analysis, that count with optimal reliability indexes: Disturbing beliefs of physical maltreatment (ω= .895), Disturbing beliefs of domestic violence (ω= .865), and Disturbing beliefs of sexual abuse in minors (ω= .848). Conclusion: It is concluded that the Scale for Measuring Beliefs that Perpetuate Intrafamiliar Violence has evidence of validity and reliability.

Sistema de Gestión Hospitalaria para la atención de la pareja infértil. Centro Territorial de Holguín, 2021

Introducción: La infertilidad es una enfermedad del sistema reproductivo que altera el equilibrio biológico, psicológico y social de las parejas. En Cuba existe un programa para el tratamiento de la pareja infértil y el Ministerio de Salud Pública incluye en sus directrices implementar las bases organizativas, sistema de trabajo, indicadores, funciones y control que garanticen el perfeccionamiento del Programa para la óptima atención de parejas infértiles, y dentro de esto se incluye confeccionar bases de datos donde se registren las parejas tratadas por este motivo. Objetivos: Implementar un Sistema de Gestión Hospitalaria para la atención de la pareja infértil, en el Centro Territorial de Holguín. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de desarrollo tecnológico, se confeccionó sobre el sistema de base de datos relacional postgreSQL, se empleó la herramienta Odoo con el objetivo de englobar en un único software todas las prestaciones que necesita la consulta. Se utilizó el lenguaje de programación Python. Resultados: SCAPI, permite gestionar la información de los pacientes y sus historias clínicas, está compuesto por módulos relacionados: configuración general, permite crear los perfiles de usuarios y los permisos para interactuar con el sistema; SCAPI muestra y gestiona toda la información relacionada con la historia clínica digital, la agenda de turnos, medios diagnósticos (estudios de reserva ovárica, espermogramas, ecografías ováricas, estudios hormonales, técnicas de baja y alta tecnología entre otros). Conclusiones: El Sistema de Gestión Hospitalaria para la atención de la pareja infértil, contribuye al objetivo de una mayor calidad de la atención al paciente pues gestiona la información de estos y sus historias clínicas de manera rápida, oportuna y fiable.

Introduction: Biological infertility is a disease of the reproductive system that alters the psychological and social balance of couples. In Cuba there is a program for the treatment of infertile women and the Ministry of Public Health includes in its guidelines to implement the organizational bases, work system, indicators, functions and control that guarantee the improvement of the Program, including databases where couples treated for this reason are registered. Objective: To implement a Hospital Management System for the infertile couple care in the Holguín Territorial Center. Methods: A study of technological development was carried out using postgre SQL relational database system, Odoo tool, and Python programming language. Results: SCAPI allows to manage the information of patients and their medical records; it is made up of modules that are related to each other: the general configuration module which allows you to create user profiles and permissions to interact with the system; the SCAPI module which shows and manages all the information related to the digital medical history, appointment schedules, and diagnostic means (ovarian reserve studies, spermograms, ovarian ultrasound, hormonal studies, low and high technology techniques, among others). Conclusions: Hospital Management System for the care of infertile couples allows managing fast, timely and reliable information on patients and their medical records during care consultations for infertile couples with the aim of achieving a higher quality of patient care.

Construcción y Validación de una Escala de Conductas de Separación de Pareja / Construction and Validation of a Scale of Couple Separation Behaviors

Resumen Las investigaciones en torno a una ruptura de pareja plantean medir las estrategias y conductas que las personas llevan a cabo para terminar sus relaciones románticas. Se propone entender la separación de pareja a partir del Modelo de Inversión de Rusbult (1979). Resulta relevante probar el modelo incluyendo elementos psicométricos que permitan comprender su validez al evaluar las conductas de separación. De esta forma el propósito de este estudio fue someter a prueba, un análisis exploratorio y confirmatorio de una escala que mida las conductas que las personas realizan para terminar su relación de pareja. Para ello se creó una escala de Conductas ante la separación de pareja a partir de un estudio exploratorio. La escala en su versión inicial contó con 50 reactivos en escala tipo Likert, aplicados en línea a 230 adultos de la Ciudad de México y Área Metropolitana. Al inicio del Análisis Factorial Exploratorio se obtuvo una escala final de 18 reactivos distribuidos en 4 factores (alejamiento, confrontación, depresión por separación e infidelidad) que explican el 68,47% de la varianza explicada con una confiabilidad de α = .871. Esta estructura fue corroborada por un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. Se encuentra una escala robusta y confiable, y se concluye que las conductas de separación evaluadas a partir del alejamiento con la expareja, que puede ser por medio de la comunicación o de ejercer conductas que transgreden como una infidelidad, afectan principalmente el estado emocional de las personas que lo viven.

Abstract Research on a couple's breakup aims to measure the strategies and behaviors that people carry out to end their romantic relationships. We propose to understand couple separation based on Rusbult's Reversal Model (1979). It is revealing to test the model including psychometric elements that allow us to understand its validity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test an exploratory and confirmatory analysis of a scale that measures the behaviors that people perform to end their relationship. The initial version of the scale had 50 items on a Likert scale, applied online to 230 adults in Mexico City and Metropolitan Area. At the beginning of the exploratory factor analysis, a final scale of 18 items distributed in 4 factors (distancing, confrontation, depression due to separation and infidelity) was obtained, explaining 68.47% of the variance explained with a reliability of α = .871. This structure was corroborated by a Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A robust and reliable scale is found, and it is concluded that the separation behaviors evaluated from the distance with the ex-partner, which can be through communication or exercising behaviors that transgress such as infidelity, mainly affect the emotional state of the people who live it.

Desarrollo de Escala sobre Celos Románticos en Redes Sociales (Facebook y Whatsapp) / Development of the Social Networking Sites (Facebook and Whatsapp) Romantic Jealousy Scale

Resumen El propósito de este trabajo fue desarrollar y validar psicométricamente una escala para medir celos románticos en Facebook y WhatsApp, asimismo se buscó evidencia de que los reactivos no tuvieran un funcionamiento diferencial por sexo mediante análisis de invarianza factorial. Se trabajó con dos grupos de participantes de la Ciudad de México, 300 para un análisis factorial exploratorio y 300 para un análisis factorial confirmatorio y prueba de invarianza. Se encontró una estructura con 24 reactivos, adecuada confiabilidad (α = .96) correcto ajuste [χ2 (246) = 433.99, p <.01; CF1 = .99; RMSEA = .05] e invarianza factorial por sexo, por lo que se concluye que la escala es confiable y válida y permite comparación por sexo sin sesgos de medición.

Abstract The purpose of this work was to develop and psychometrically validate a Scale to measure romantic jealousy on Facebook and WhatsApp, also evidence of non-differential function of the items by sex is presented in the form of a factorial invariance test. Two groups of Participants from Mexico City worked on, 300 for an exploratory factor analysis and 300 for confirmatory factor analysis and invariance testing. A structure was found with 24 items, adequate reliability (α .96) corrects fit [χ2 (246) = 433.99, p <.01; CF1 = .99; RMSEA = .05] and factorial invariance by sex, so it is concluded that the Scale is reliable, valid, and allows sex comparison by sex without bias due to measurement.

Análisis de un taller sobre intervención policial en situaciones de emergencia: debate constructivo y dialógico sobre la violencia en las relaciones de pareja heterosexual / Analysis of a workshop on police intervention in emergency situations: constructive and dialogic debate on violence in heterosexual couples / Análise de um workshop sobre intervenção policial em emergências: debate construtivo e dialógico sobre violência entre casais heterossexuais

Presentamos a continuación el análisis de la experiencia llevada a cabo en el curso de experto universitario en "Prevención de Violencia de Género", curso realizado por la Universidad de Alicante en coordinación con la Generalitat Valenciana y el Instituto Valenciano de Seguridad Pública y Emergencias (IVASPE). Dirigido a las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad (FFCCS). El objetivo es mejorar las habilidades y técnicas de comunicación en las intervenciones de emergencia por violencia en parejas heterosexuales. Nuestra experiencia se enmarca dentro de un diseño de taller de formación especializada de 10 horas de duración en el marco de la asignatura "Habilidades y técnicas de comunicación", cuyo desarrollo se basa en la capacidad que la dialéctica constructiva tiene de afrontamiento y transformación social, así como en la concepción de la violencia contra las mujeres como un atentado contra los derechos humanos y la pertinencia de las habilidades y técnicas de comunicación efectiva en la intervención policial en este tipo de emergencias. Nuestros resultados muestran una buena estructuración de la intervención policial en tres fases (llegada, desarrollo y cierre) y la necesidad de profundizar en la intervención y protocolo a seguir con los agresores.

The following is an analysis of the experience in the university expert course on "Prevention of Gender Violence", a course carried out by the University of Alicante in coordination with the Generalitat Valenciana and the Valencian Institute of Public Safety and Emergencies (IVASPE) aimed at security forces and corps (FFCCS). The objective is to improve communication skills and techniques in emergency interventions for violence in heterosexual couples. Our experience is framed within a 10-hour specialised training workshop design within the framework of the subject "Communication skills and techniques", whose development is based on the capacity that constructive dialectics has for coping and social transformation, as well as on the conception of violence against women as an attack on human rights and the relevance of effective communication skills and techniques in police intervention in this type of emergency. Our results show a good structuring of police intervention in three phases (arrival, development and closure) and the need to deepen the intervention and protocol to observe with the aggressors.

A seguir, é apresentada uma análise da experiência realizada no curso de especialização em "Prevenção da violência de gênero", realizado pela Universidad de Alicante em coordenação com a Generalitat Valenciana e o Instituto Valenciano de Seguridad Pública y Emergencias (IVASPE). Destinado às forças e corpos de segurança (FFCCS). O objetivo é melhorar as habilidades e técnicas de comunicação em intervenções de emergência devido à violência em casais heterossexuais. Nossa experiência se enquadra em um projeto de oficina de treinamento especializado de 10 horas no âmbito da disciplina "Habilidades e técnicas de comunicação", cujo desenvolvimento se baseia na capacidade que a dialética construtiva tem de enfrentamento e transformação social, bem como na concepção da violência contra a mulher como um ataque aos direitos humanos e na relevância de habilidades e técnicas de comunicação eficazes na intervenção policial nesse tipo de emergência. Nossos resultados mostram uma boa estruturação da intervenção policial em três fases (chegada, desenvolvimento e encerramento) e a necessidade de aprofundar a intervenção e o protocolo a ser seguido com os agressores.

Revelar e ter com quem contar: infertilidade e apoio social / Revelar y tener con quien contar: infertilidade y apoyo social / To disclose and have someone to count on: infertility and social support

Infertile couples seeking treatment experience a social stigma that can lead to the need for privacy and, in turn, compromise their access to social support. This multiple case study, that involved the collection of sociodemographic and health data and interviews with four heterosexual couples accessed by convenience, aimed to examine the perception of the couples about the social support received after the disclosure of the condition of infertility and/or of the assisted reproductive technology treatment. The cases were analysed individually and comparatively. From the couples' statements, it is highlighted that all of them revealed something about infertility and/or treatment at some point in the process, although some considered not revealing it. Both support and lack of support were perceived from the revelations. The non-disclosure was motivated by self-preservation and by avoidance of social pressure. The findings indicate the importance of psychological intervention to expand the couples' social support.

Parejas infértiles que buscan tratamiento experimentan un estigma social que puede acarrear la necesidad de privacidad y, a su vez, comprometer el acceso al apoyo social. Ese estudio de múltiples casos, que involucró la recogida de datos sociodemográficos, de salud y entrevistas con cuatro parejas heterosexuales accedidas por conveniencia, buscó examinar la percepción de las parejas sobre el apoyo social después de la revelación de la condición de infertilidad y/o del tratamiento con técnicas de reproducción asistida. Los casos fueron analizados individual y comparativamente. De las declaraciones de las parejas, se destaca que todas revelaron algo sobre la infertilidad y/o el tratamiento en algún momento del proceso, aunque algunos consideraron no revelarlo. Se percibió tanto el apoyo como la falta de apoyo a partir de las revelaciones. La no revelación fue motivada por la autopreservación y por la evitación de presión social. Los hallazgos indican la importancia de la intervención psicológica para ampliar el apoyo social de las parejas.

Casais inférteis que buscam tratamento experimentam um estigma social que pode acarretar a necessidade de privacidade e, por sua vez, comprometer o acesso ao apoio social. Este estudo de casos múltiplos, que envolveu a coleta de dados sociodemográficos, de saúde e entrevistas com quatro casais heterossexuais acessados por conveniência, objetivou examinar a sua percepção sobre o apoio social recebido após a revelação da condição de infertilidade e/ou de tratamento com técnicas de reprodução assistida. Os casos foram analisados individualmente e comparativamente. A partir das falas, destaca-se que todos revelaram algo sobre a infertilidade e/ou o tratamento em algum momento do processo, ainda que alguns tenham considerado não revelar. Percebeu-se tanto apoio como falta de apoio diante das revelações. A não revelação foi motivada pela autopreservação e pela evitação de pressão social. Os achados indicam a importância da intervenção psicológica para ampliar o apoio social dos casais.

Resultados de las consultas municipales de atención a la pareja infértil 2017-2020 / Results of the Municipal Consultations for Infertile Couple Care 2017-2020

Introducción: La infertilidad afecta hasta un 15 por ciento de las parejas en edad reproductiva en el mundo y es uno de los factores que inciden en la baja natalidad de Cuba. Antes del 2016 no existían consultas de infertilidad en todos los municipios y era bajo el número de embarazos logrados, lo que motivó la decisión de extenderlas a todos los municipios del país. Objetivo: Describir los resultados de las consultas municipales de infertilidad en los primeros cuatro años de su implementación (2017-2020). Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal de casos, atendidos en las 82 consultas municipales de infertilidad existentes antes del 2016 y después de su generalización a todos los municipios del país. Resultados: En las consultas municipales han sido atendidas 81,3 por ciento de las parejas infértiles que lo demandan, se incrementó el número de consultas ofrecidas de 24 215 en el año 2016 a 140 183 en el 2020. En ese período se elevó en 10 por ciento los embarazos obtenidos, 63,5 por ciento de los logrados en todos los niveles de atención. Conclusiones: Las consultas municipales incrementaron sus resultados entre el año 2017 al 2020 y los nacimientos obtenidos pueden ser considerados como una contribución del sector salud a reducir la baja natalidad que experimenta el país(AU)

Introduction: Infertility affects up to 15percent of couples of reproductive age in the world and is one of the factors affecting the low birth rate in Cuba. Before 2016, infertility consultations did not exist in all municipalities and the number of pregnancies achieved was low, which motivated the decision to extend them to all municipalities in the country. Aim: To describe the results of municipal infertility consultations in the first four years of their implementation (2017-2020). Methods: Cross-sectional observational study of cases, attended in the 82 municipal infertility consultations existing before 2016 and after their generalization to all municipalities in the country. Results: 81.3percent of the infertile couples requesting treatment were attended in the municipal consultations. The number of consultations offered increased from 24 215 in 2016 to 140 183 in 2020. In that period, pregnancies obtained increased by 10 percent, 63.5 percent of those achieved at all levels of care. Conclusions: Municipal consultations increased their results from 2017 to 2020 and the births obtained can be considered as a contribution of the health sector to reduce the low birth rate experienced by the country(AU)

Female couples undergoing assisted reproduction - choices and the importance of pregnancy and genetics.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate female couples' reproductive choices, the importance given to genetics and pregnancy and their expectations regarding mother-child relationship. METHODS: Observational study based on an anonymous survey applied to 217 patients during 2021. The survey was given to female couples under reproductive treatment in a private fertility clinic. The outcomes were divided into 3 main groups: the choice of their reproductive treatment, motherhood and biological links, and their plans for future reproductive treatments. RESULTS: Most patients found it easy to choose their treatments and roles. The choice was mainly driven by success rates, costs, and simplicity, except for ROPA for which sharing biological motherhood was the main reason. Most couples consider genetics and pregnancy important but, in the end, they believe they will have a similar connection to their child, regardless of the role played. In the future, some couples consider doing the same treatment while others consider inverting roles. CONCLUSIONS: Most female couples have no difficulty when it comes to choosing a reproductive treatment or role to play, mainly based on costs, success rates and the possibility of sharing biological motherhood with the ROPA method. These patients give great importance to genetics and pregnancy, but they expect a similar connection to their child regardless of the type of treatment and the roles played.

Couple screening for recessively inherited disorders.

Couple screening aims to identify couples with an increased risk of having a child affected with an autosomal recessive or X-linked disorder, in order to facilitate informed reproductive decision making. Both expectant parents should be screened as a single entity, instead of individual testing. Carrier testing was typically performed for a few relatively common recessive disorders associated with significant morbidity, reduced life expectancy and often because of a considerably higher carrier frequency in a specific population for certain diseases. However, new genetic testing technologies enable the expansion of screening to multiple conditions, genes and sequence variants. There are multiple reproductive options for screening couples at risk, particularly when genetic traits are detected in the preconception period.

Learning from within: Therapists' actions in daily clinical practice.

The integration of theories and techniques is part of family therapists' daily practice, raising the need to understand which resources are used in this professional's clinical actions. Our aim is to reflect on the use of theoretical and technical resources by family therapists in their daily practice. We developed an inquiry process inspired by collaborative action research and social constructionism. Couple and family therapy sessions were conducted by two family therapists, and we developed subsequent dialogs with them focused on describing theoretical and technical inspirations for their actions. Next, we named four categories of actions in this process: exploratory actions, actions for the construction of relational visions, actions for the construction of communication, and actions for family orientation. The therapists-participants referred to many theoretical and technical resources that inspired their practice. For them, the choice of using one or another resource was based on the demands of the interactive moment, which involves their relational and embodied responses to what was experienced in the sessions. We argue that epistemological coherence is not something that guides the therapist's practice a priori, but something that can be achieved by talking about and reflecting on their actions. This article can contribute to clinical practice and training in family therapy by presenting an interesting reflexive process that can be useful to enhance practice in couple and family therapy (FAPESP, Process n. 2015/21316-1).

Associations of Losing a Child With the Couple Relationship, Maternal Mental Health, and the Emotional Development of the Subsequent Baby.

The loss of a child can impact maternal mental health and the emotional development of a subsequent baby. Couple relationship can help women to cope with this loss. This study investigates the association among child loss, maternal mental health (including prolonged grief), couple adjustment, and psycho-functional symptoms in the subsequent babies. 598 Brazilian mothers, recruited by convenience, took part in the study. Mothers with a baby loss (23%) presented greater age and religiosity, less income, a longer couple relationship, and better couple adjustment, and their baby presented a great number of symptoms. This population needs monitoring for early emotional assistance.

Las Premisas Históricas-socioculturales de la Pareja en la Ciudad de México: Exploración y Análisis Cualitativo / The Historical-Sociocultural Premises of the Mexican Couple: Exploration and Analysis

Resumen Dentro de las relaciones de pareja, los miembros muestran su cultura, pensamientos y creencias (PHSC), las cuales predicen las conductas aceptables, los roles que se deben de cumplir, y cómo se debe de llevar a cabo la relación. Sin embargo, la cultura tiende a modificarse con el paso del tiempo, y cambiar el comportamiento. El propósito de esta investigación fue explorar las PHSC de la pareja en sus diferentes etapas (inicio, mantenimiento y disolución) y analizar su evolución en comparación con los estudios previos. Participaron 180 adolescentes estudiantes de secundaria y 150 adultos mayores con una escolaridad no mayor a secundaria. Se aplicaron tres cuestionarios abiertos, uno para cada etapa de la relación sobre que se debe de sentir, hacer, pesar dentro de la relación. Para la exploración de los datos se realizó un análisis de contenido. Los resultados demuestran que la mayoría de las PHSC no fueron modificadas, como la fidelidad, el respeto y la confianza dentro de la relación, principalmente en las mujeres. Lo que demuestra que a pesar del tiempo existen normas y creencias que son constantes, estas premisas permanecen debido al que el ambiente las satisface, no obstante, aparecieron nuevas normas y creencias como son el pensar en unos mismos y en su bienestar como consecuencia de comportamiento exitoso para la adaptación de la especie.

Abstract Within couple relationships, members show their culture, thoughts and beliefs (PHSC), which predict acceptable behaviors, the roles that must be fulfilled, and how the relationship should be carried out. However, culture tends to change over time, and behavior changes. The purpose of this research was to explore the PHSC of the couple in their different stages (beginning, maintenance, and dissolution) and to analyze their evolution in comparison with previous studies. 180 adolescent high school students and 150 older adults with no more than secondary schooling participated. Three open questionnaires were applied, one for each stage of the relationship about what should be felt, done, and weighed within the relationship. To explore the data, a content analysis was performed. At the beginning of the relationship, norms and beliefs were found such as that the couple should live together, communicate, be affectionate, should not feel insecure, angry, be unfaithful and attack, while in maintenance they should give love, have trust, be happy, love, be faithful and honest as well as respect your partner, while you should not feel ashamed, sad and envious and again be unfaithful or aggressive. Finally, in the dissolution, the PHSC found were to feel melancholy, disappointment, but at the same time happiness, think about the reasons for separation and problems, resign themselves, and should not feel anger and hatred, think that it is the end of the world and have destructive reactions towards the former partner or themselves. The results show that most of the PHSC were not modified, such as fidelity, respect, and trust within the relationship, mainly in women. Which shows that despite time there are norms and beliefs that are constant, these premises remain because the environment satisfies them, however, new norms and beliefs appeared such as they are thinking about oneself and their well-being as a consequence of successful behavior for the adaptation of the species.

Violencia simbólica en relaciones de pareja desde la marginalidad en mujeres jóvenes / Symbolic violence in couple relationships in light of the marginality of young women / Violência simbólica em relacionamentos de casal desde a marginalidade em mulheres jovens

Resumen (analítico) El método biográfico narrativo permitió escuchar a seis mujeres jóvenes que habitan contextos marginales. A partir de un diseño narrativo, se concretaron narrativas biográficas. En ellas se expusieron los modos como han configurado sus relaciones de pareja en torno a las prácticas y discursos de la violencia simbólica, dejando al descubierto una realidad atravesada por la violencia de un sector enclavado en el olvido institucional y el señalamiento colectivo. El análisis de la información se realizó mediante un biograma, el cual permitió encontrar que la despolitización y la idealización son los modos como han construido sus relaciones. La relevancia de este estudio se centra en dar a conocer la resistencia a los mecanismos de poder como posibilidad de transformar la construcción de amor que habitualmente se ha promovido en otras mujeres.

Abstract (analytical) The Narrative Biographical Method was applied with six young women who live in marginal contexts. Their biographical narratives were identified through a narrative design in which they shared the ways in which they have configured relationships with their partners around the practices and discourses of symbolic violence. The study exposes a reality of violence in this population that is associated with institutional abandonment and collective allegations. The analysis of the information was carried out using a Biogram, which allowed the authors to identify that depoliticization and idealization are how these women have built their relationships. The study is relevant because it raises awareness about existing power mechanisms that support the transforming of couple relationships, which is usually encouraged by other women.

Resumo (analítico) O Método Biográfico Interpretativo permitiu escutar seis mulheres jovens que habitam contextos de marginalidade. A partir de um desenho narrativo, concretizaram-se as suas narrativas biográficas; nas quais elas expuseram os modos de ter configurado os seus relacionamentos de casal em torno às práticas e discursos da violência simbólica, deixando a descoberto uma realidade atravessada pela violência doméstica de um setor aninhado no esquecimento institucional e na acusação da sociedade. A análise da informação foi realizada mediante um Biograma, o qual permitiu encontrar que a despolitização e a idealização são as maneiras como elas construíram seus relacionamentos. A relevância deste estúdio é focado em dar a conhecer a resistência aos mecanismos de poder como possibilidade de transformar a construção do amor que habitualmente é promovido em outras mulheres.

Emotional interdependence: the key to studying extrinsic emotion regulation.

The literature on extrinsic emotion regulation or the intention to modify other people's emotions has grown in recent years, accompanied by proposals in which its definition is made more precise, the way to understand it in relation to other related processes is delimited, and the consequences of its use in the quality of close relationships are evidenced. Conceptual reviews on this topic recognize the importance of examining the affect and dyadic dynamics that arise between those who regulate each other extrinsically. This dynamic refers to emotional interdependence, the potential of the members of a dyad to shape each other's emotions reciprocally, particularly in those who share a close bond, such as that of a romantic couple. There is little theoretical development regarding the relevance of this characteristic in relation to EER. This article has two objectives: (1) to make a narrative synthesis of the characteristics that define EER and (2) to expand and complexify the existing model by including the emotional interdependence as a vital component in the understanding of the functioning of EER. Lastly, the role of emotional interdependence in the emergence, maintenance, and satisfaction concerning couple relationships is made explicit through phenomena such as shared reality.

Efficacy of Emotionally Focused Therapy among Spanish-speaking couples: study protocol of a randomized clinical trial in Argentina, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, and Spain.

BACKGROUND: Couple relationship distress is common and associated with poor physical, psychological, and relational outcomes for both partners. Emotionally Focused Therapy for couples (EFT) is a short-term structured approach based on attachment theory that integrates a humanistic, experiential approach to restructuring emotional experience and a systemic structural approach to restructuring interactions. This model has been shown to be an effective treatment for couple distress. The supporting research, however, has only been conducted with English-speaking couples. Despite Spanish being the second-most spoken language and meaningful cultural differences between English- and Spanish-speaking countries, the efficacy of EFT has not been examined in this cultural context. This study will examine the efficacy of EFT in this particular context and advance the understanding of potential mechanisms of change. METHODS: We will use a multicenter randomized wait-list controlled design to examine the efficacy of EFT in a Spanish-speaking sample of moderately distressed couples. One hundred forty individuals in 70 couples in Argentina, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, and Spain will be randomly assigned to receive 19-21 sessions of EFT or be placed on a waitlist. Outcomes on a range of relational and individual mental health variables will be assessed prior to random assignment, throughout treatment, and at the conclusion of treatment. Primary outcomes will include dyadic adjustment, couple satisfaction, and attachment. Secondary variables, such as loneliness, parenting, affective communication, and sexual satisfaction, will be included as potential mediators of the treatment effect. Couples in the treatment group will also be assessed at 3-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month follow-ups. Process variables such as the therapeutic alliance will also be assessed routinely in couples assigned to the treatment group. Couples in the waitlist will receive a psycho-educational program based on EFT after completing the study. DISCUSSION: This study will be the first RCT of Emotionally Focused Therapy in a Spanish-speaking context. The results of the study will inform researchers interested in whether treatments developed and tested in the USA and Canada can be effective in differing cultural contexts. It may also point researchers and clinicians to areas where cultural adaptation is needed to improve efficacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04277325. Registered on February 20, 2020.

'So, let me see if I understood': Narratives of couples about their therapeutic process / 'Então, deixa eu ver se eu entendi': Narrativas de casais sobre seu processo terapêutico / 'Entonces, déjame aclarar esto': Narrativas de parejas sobre su proceso terapéutico

Couple therapy is an important clinical resource and it can progress along different theoretical approaches. Recently, constructionist proposals have been used, focusing on a dialogical understanding of the therapeutic process. This study outlines the understanding of how couples who have undergone couple therapy under a social constructionist orientation narrate their therapeutic process. Six heterosexual couples were part of this study. Twelve open individual interviews were conducted, focusing on significant moments. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using reflective thematic analysis procedures. Three axes were built, promoting a procedural view of couple therapy: initial motivation; experiences during therapy; and changes achieved. The birth of children, conflicts and the need of dialogue were the reason couple therapy was sought. During therapy, the couples found a safe environment to talk about different points of view. As a result, they were able to develop empathy and build dialogic spaces at home. We conclude that the therapists' participation in the construction of a safe space for dialogue was essential for the good outcomes attained, functioning as a conversational model to be adopted by the couples in their daily life. Therefore, this research showcases the potential of constructionist couple therapy as a resource in contemporary clinic.

A terapia de casal é um importante recurso clínico e pode ser desenvolvida segundo diferentes linhas teóricas. Mais recentemente, propostas construcionistas têm sido utilizadas, com foco numa compreensão dialógica do processo terapêutico. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender como casais que passaram por terapia de casal sob uma orientação construcionista social narram seu processo terapêutico. Participaram desta pesquisa seis casais heterossexuais. Foram realizadas doze entrevistas abertas individuais, com foco em momentos marcantes. As entrevistas foram transcritas e analisadas por procedimentos de análise temática reflexiva. Três eixos foram construídos, promovendo uma visão processual da terapia de casal: motivação inicial; vivências durante a terapia; e mudanças alcançadas. Nascimento dos filhos, conflitos e necessidade de diálogo motivaram a busca pela terapia de casal. Durante a terapia, os casais vivenciaram um ambiente seguro para dialogar sobre diferentes pontos de vista. Como consequência, puderam desenvolver empatia e construir espaços de conversa no contexto do lar. Concluímos que a participação dos terapeutas na construção de um espaço seguro para o diálogo foi central para os bons resultados alcançados, servindo como um modelo de conversa a ser adotado pelos casais em sua vida cotidiana. Assim, a pesquisa dá visibilidade para o potencial da terapia de casal construcionista como recurso na clínica contemporânea.

La terapia de pareja es un recurso clínico importante y puede desarrollarse por medio de diferentes líneas teóricas. En la actualidad, se han utilizado propuestas construccionistas, centradas en una comprensión dialógica del proceso terapéutico. El objetivo de este estudio es comprender de qué manera las parejas que han pasado por la terapia de pareja bajo una orientación social construccionista narran su proceso terapéutico. Seis parejas heterosexuales han participado en esta investigación. Se realizaron doce entrevistas abiertas individuales, centrándose en momentos significativos. Las entrevistas fueron transcritas y analizadas mediante procedimientos de análisis temático reflexivo. Se construyeron tres ejes temáticos, promoviendo una visión de la terapia de pareja como proceso: motivación inicial; experiencias durante la terapia; y cambios logrados. El nacimiento de los hijos, los conflictos y la necesidad de diálogo apoyaron sus búsquedas por la terapia de pareja. Durante la terapia, ellos vivieron un contexto para hablar de sus diferentes puntos de vista. Por consiguiente, pudieron desarrollar una mayor empatía y construir espacios dialógicos en el contexto de sus hogares. Concluimos que la participación de los terapeutas en la construcción de un espacio seguro fue central para los buenos resultados obtenidos, sirviendo como modelo de conversación a ser adoptado en su vida diaria. Así, esta investigación ha proporcionado visibilidad al potencial de la terapia de pareja construccionista como recurso en la clínica contemporánea.