The Effect of Immobilization Methods of P9-4 Antimicrobial Peptide Onto Gelatin Methacrylate on Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: A Comparative Study.

Wound dressings play a crucial role in wound management by providing a protective barrier and creating an optimal environment for healing. Photocrosslinkable hydrogels, such as gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), have gained attention for their unique properties but often lack antimicrobial activity. To enhance their effectiveness, researchers are exploring methods to incorporate antimicrobial agents into photocrosslinkable hydrogel dressings. Immobilization of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) onto hydrogel matrices may be achieved through physical or chemical methods. Although, chemical immobilization, using techniques like EDC/NHS chemistry, has shown promise in enhancing antimicrobial properties of hydrogels, the capacity for immobilization may be limited by the structure of hydrogel. Physical methods, such as immersing, offer alternatives but may have different efficacy and biocompatibility. The study aims to chemically immobilize GelMA with P9-4 AMP by photoinduced conjugation and EDC/NHS chemistry and compare its antimicrobial efficacy with a physical immobilization method. Chemical immobilization by EDC/NHS chemistry significantly enhances the antimicrobial effect of GelMA hydrogels against multi-drug resistant Psuedomonas aeruginosa (MDR P. aeruginosa) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) while maintaining favorable biocompatibility. Study highlights the potential of AMP-functionalized GelMA as advanced wound dressings for reducing infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and offers a promising approach for future research in wound management.

An Environmentally Stable, Biocompatible, and Multilayered Wound Dressing Film with Reversible and Strong Adhesion.

Reversible adhesives for wound care improve patient experiences by permitting reuse and minimizing further tissue injury. Existing reversible bandages are vulnerable to water and can undergo unwanted deformation during removal and readdressing procedures. Here, a biocompatible, multilayered, reversible wound dressing film that conforms to skin and is waterproof is designed. The inner layer is capable of instant adhesion to various substrates upon activation of the dynamic boronic ester bonds by water; intermediate hydrogel layer and outer silicone backing layer can enhance the dressing's elasticity and load distribution for adhesion, and the silicone outer layer protects the dressing from exposure to water. The adhesive layer is found to be biocompatible with mouse skin. Skin injuries on the mouse skin heal more rapidly with the film compared to no dressing controls. Evaluations of the film on skin of freshly euthanized minipigs corroborate the findings in the mouse model. The film remains attached to skins without delamination despite subjecting to various degrees of deformation. Exposure to water softens the film to allow removal from the skin without pulling any hair off. The multilayered design considers soft mechanics in each layer and will offer new insights to improve wound dressing performance and patient comfort.

Battery-Free and Multifunctional Microfluidic Janus Wound Dressing with Biofluid Management, Multi-Indicator Monitoring, and Antibacterial Properties.

The sophisticated environment of chronic wounds, characterized by prolonged exudation and recurrent bacterial infections, poses significant challenges to wound recovery. Recent advancements in multifunctional wound dressings fall short of providing comprehensive, accurate, and comfortable treatment. To address these issues, a battery-free and multifunctional microfluidic Janus wound dressing (MM-JWD) capable of three functions, including exudate management, antibacterial properties, and multiple indications of wound infection detection, has been developed. During the treatment, the fully soft microfluidic Janus membrane not only demonstrated stable unidirectional fluid transport capabilities under various skin deformations for a longer period but also provided antibacterial effects through surface treatment with chitosan quaternary ammonium salts and poly(vinyl alcohol). Furthermore, integrating multiple colorimetric sensors within the Janus membrane's microchannels and a dual-layer structure enabled simultaneous monitoring of the wound's pH, uric acid, and temperature. The monitoring was facilitated by smartphone recognition of color changes in the sensors. In vivo and in vitro tests confirmed the exudate management, antibacterial, and sensing capabilities of the MM-JWD, proving its efficacy in monitoring and promoting the healing of wounds. Overall, this study provides a valuable method for the design of multifunctional wound dressings for chronic wound care.

Dynamic hydrazone crosslinked salecan/chondroitin sulfate hydrogel platform as a promising wound healing Strategy: A comparative study on antibiotic and probiotic delivery.

Natural polysaccharide-based active-ingredient carriers have been a source of great concern for a long time. In order to explore potential antibiotics and probiotics carriers, a novel injectable chondroitin sulfate/salecan (CS) hydrogel was constructed by forming dynamic hydrazone bonds. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), bacteriostatic test, and rheological experiments were used to investigate the chemical structure, inherent morphology, and enzymatic corruption of the hydrogel in vitro. The resulting hydrogels exhibited ideal probiotics loading capacity, drug release behavior, excellent antimicrobial activity and variable properties. Crucially, owing to its exceptional biocompatibility and reversible crosslinking network, this hydrogel can function as a three-dimensional extracellular matrix for cells, enabling cells to maintain high vitality and proliferation, and promote wound healing. The aforementioned findings indicated that this novel hydrogel can be a promising candidate as an active-ingredient carrier and scaffold material for tissue engineering.

Biosynthesis of positively charged bacterial cellulose hydrogel with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory function for efficient wound healing.

In bacterial cellulose (BC)-based living materials, the effective and permanent incorporation of bactericidal agents into BC remains a persistent challenge. In this study, midazole quaternary ammonium salt was grafted onto a dispersion of bacterial cellulose, which was subsequently directly added to the fermentation medium of BC-producing bacteria to obtain BC-based hydrogel materials (BC/BC-[PQVI]Br) with inherent antibacterial properties. The BC/BC-[PQVI]Br hydrogel prepared in this study exhibits favorable tensile properties, with a maximum tensile stress of 970 KPa and water retention for up to 6 h. Moreover, it demonstrates acceptable antibacterial activity against S. aureus (93 %) and E. coli (71 %), respectively. Additionally, the hydrogel displays a high cell survival rate of 98 % after contact with NIH 3T3 cells, indicating its non-cytotoxic nature. Furthermore, the mouse wound experiment confirms the excellent wound healing effect of the hydrogel. This research presents an innovative approach towards developing environmentally friendly active wound dressings with microbial-derived antibacterial functionality.

A multifunctional polyacrylonitrile fibers/alginate-based hydrogel loaded with chamomile extract and silver sulfadiazine for full-thickness wound healing.

Most conventional wound dressings do not meet the clinical requisites owing to their limited multifunctionality. Herein, a bilayer wound dressing containing both hydrogel and fibrous structures with multifunctional features was developed for effective skin rehabilitation. Sodium alginate (SA)/gelatin (Gel) hydrogel comprising Matricaria chamomilla L extract and silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) drug as antibacterial agents was cross-linked using genipin and CaCl2. Then, the surface of the hydrogel was covered by electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers to fabricate a bilayer dressing. FESEM images revealed formation of continuous, smooth, and bead-free PAN nanofibers with excellent compatibility between hydrogel and fibers. The bilayer wound dressing exhibited satisfactory mechanical virtues including elastic modulus (2.4 ±â€¯0.2 MPa), tensile strength (6.2 ±â€¯0.5 MPa) and elongation at break (21.8 ±â€¯1 %) as well as suitable swelling ratio. Such bilayer dressing revealed biodegradability, cytocompatibility and effective antibacterial performance against gram positive and gram negative strains. Release kinetics of AgSD drug followed a Fickian diffusion mechanism, ensuring sustained drug release. In vivo studies demonstrated bilayer dressing could promote rate of wound closure, re-epithelialization and collagen deposition, facilitating the replacement of damaged skin with healthy tissue. Such engineered wound dressing has a high potency for inducing skin repair and could be used in skin tissue engineering.

Janus nanocellulose membrane by nitrogen plasma: Hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity selective switch.

Cellulose nanofibrils are one of the keystone materials for sustainable future, yet their poor water repellency hinders their push into industrial applications. Due to complexity and poor economical outcome and/or processing toxicity of the existing hydrophobization methods, nanocellulose loses against its antagonist plastic in medical and food industries. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time the "one-side selective water-repellency activation" in nanocellulose membranes by the means of mild N2-plasma treatment, exhibiting lowest wettability after 20 s of treatment. Hydrophobicity and accompanying Janus character were justified by the topological, chemical and structural reorganizations in cellulose nanofibrils. The findings suggest that the mechanism behind the hydrophilic/hydrophobic change primarily relies on the interplay between OH removal and appearance of SiCH3, originating from the polysiloxanes-based substrate, as well as complementary CNH2 groups formation. First-principles calculations show that NH2 groups moderately increase hydrophobicity, while various SiCH3 substitutions wholly change the character of the surface to repel water. Using nitrogen is shown to be crucial, as N(H)Si(CH3)3 groups induce greater hydrophobicity than simple OSi(CH3)3. Finally, the obtained materials absorb water on the hydrophilic side, while remaining hydrophobic on the other, exhibit high tensile strength, and protection against UV light, demonstrating applicability over wide range of applications.

Etamsylate-loaded hydrogel composed of carboxymethyl chitosan and oxidized tannic acid for improved wound healing.

Proper wound dressing is essential to facilitate skin wound healing, stop bleeding, and prevent infections. Herein, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) was crosslinked with oxidized tannic acid (OTA) to form an adhesive and self-healing OTA/CMC hydrogel, and etamsylate was loaded to enhance the hemostatic effect of the hydrogel dressing. The resultant OTA/CMC/E hydrogel exhibited a spectrum of noteworthy attributes including excellent cell compatibility, high antioxidant activity, effective anti-bacterium, and excellent hemorrhage control. Functionally, it mitigated intracellular ROS levels, hindered the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus, while also significantly reducing hemostasis duration and total blood loss. In vivo full-thickness skin incision results showed that the OTA/CMC/E hydrogel could efficiently accelerate in vivo wound closure and healing, promising as an advanced wound healing material.

Injectable Silver Nanoparticle-Based Hydrogel Dressings with Rapid Shape Adaptability and Antimicrobial Activity.

Burns and scalds often result in deep wounds that challenge adequate debridement and inflammation control using traditional sheet-like hydrogel dressings. Herein, we developed an antibacterial, injectable, and self-healing hydrogel (ADCM@Ag) by employing carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) for in situ green reduction of silver ions and utilizing a spontaneous Schiff base reaction with aldehyde-functionalized dextran (AD). SEM analysis revealed a porous structure within the hydrogel. Swelling and enzymatic degradation assays demonstrated that ADCM@Ag hydrogel possesses excellent fluid absorption capacity and biodegradability. Mechanical tests indicated good mechanical properties, allowing the hydrogel to withstand external forces when applied to animal wounds. The hydrogel exhibited good injectability, shape adaptability, and self-healing capability. Cell experiments showed that the ADCM@Ag hydrogel avoided the cytotoxicity caused by high concentrations of silver ions and had good cell compatibility. Antimicrobial assays showed that ADCM@Ag exhibited potent bactericidal effects against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, achieving at least 85% killing efficacy. Collectively, ADCM@Ag hydrogel has good potential for wound dressing applications.

Early wound infection monitoring via headspace O2 micro-respirometry.

A luminescence based, inexpensive, 3D printed O2 indicator is incorporated into a commercial, clear, occlusive wound dressing, which allows the %O2 in the headspace above a simulated wound to be monitored. Two wound models are used to evaluate this micro-respirometry-based system for monitoring wound infection namely, a simple 'agar plug' model and a wounded porcine skin model. Inoculation of either wound model with E. coli, E. cloacae, or A. baumannii, produces the typical 'S'-shaped, τ vs incubation time, t, profiles, associated with micro-respirometry, due to the decrease in %O2 in the headspace above the wound. A threshold value for the lifetime, τTT, of 21.1 µs, is identified at which the bacterial load is equal to the critical colonization threshold, CCT, ca. 106 colony forming units, CFU/mL, above which infection is highly likely. The agar plug wound model/O2 indicator combination is used to identify when the CCT is reached for a wide range of inoculant concentrations, spanning the range 108-101 CFU/mL, for all three microbial species. The O2 indicator is also successfully evaluated using a porcine skin wound model inoculated with E. coli. The results of this work are compared to other reported, usually invasive, smart wound monitoring systems. The possible use of this new, non-invasive smart-wound dressing technology, both at the point of care and at home, are discussed briefly.

Integration of Hydrogels and 3D Bioprinting Technologies for Chronic Wound Healing Management.

The integration of hydrogel-based bioinks with 3D bioprinting technologies presents an innovative approach to chronic wound management, which is particularly challenging to treat because of its multifactorial nature and high risk of complications. Using precise deposition techniques, 3D bioprinting significantly alters traditional wound care paradigms by enabling the fabrication of patient-specific wound dressings that imitate natural tissue properties. Hydrogels are notably beneficial for these applications because of their abundant water content and mechanical properties, which promote cell viability and pathophysiological processes of wound healing, such as re-epithelialization and angiogenesis. This article reviews key 3D printing technologies and their significance in enhancing the structural and functional outcomes of wound-care solutions. Challenges in bioink viscosity, cell viability, and printability are addressed, along with discussions on the cross-linking and mechanical stability of the constructs. The potential of 3D bioprinting to revolutionize chronic wound management rests on its capacity to generate remedies that expedite healing and minimize infection risks. Nevertheless, further studies and clinical trials are necessary to advance these therapies from laboratory to clinical use.

Accelerating healing at high altitudes: Oxygen and bFGF delivery through nanoparticle-loaded gel dressings.

High altitude environment is mainly characterized by low oxygen. Due to persistent hypoxia, nonhealing wounds are common in high-altitude areas. Moreover, Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a versatile biologically active substance that has crucial impact on wound healing. Given the limited availability of atmospheric oxygen and reduced blood oxygen saturation in high-altitude area, and the challenge that arises from direct oxygen and bFGF delivery to wounds through the traumatized vascular structure, it necessitates an innovative solution for local and permeable delivery of oxygen and bFGF. In this study, we present a strategy that involves revamping traditional gel-based wound dressings through the incorporation of nanoparticles encapsulating oxygen and bFGF, engineered to facilitate the localized delivery of dissolved oxygen and bFGF to wound surfaces. The prospective evaluation of this delivery technique's therapeutic impacts on epithelial, endothelial and fibroblasts cells can be materialized. Further experiment corroborated these effects on a high-altitude wounds' murine model. Given its biocompatibility, efficacy, and utility, we posit that NOB-Gel exhibits remarkable translational potential for managing and hastening the healing process of an array of clinical wounds, more so for wounds inflicted at high altitudes.

Novel chitosan-based hydrogels as promising wound dressing materials with advanced properties.

Herein, four different grafted chitosans were synthesized by covalent attachment of glycine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, or L-cysteine to the chitosan chains. All products were subsequently permethylated to obtain their corresponding quaternary ammonium salts to enhance the inherent antimicrobial properties of native chitosan. In all cases, transparent hydrogels with the following remarkable characteristics were obtained: i) high-water absorption capacity (32-44 g H2O per g of polymer), ii) viscoelastic behavior at low deformations, iii) flexibility when subjected to deformations and iv) stability over long time scales. All the permethylated derivatives successfully inhibited 100 % of the growth of S. aureus. They also exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against E. coli than native chitosan. The structure of the chemically crosslinked products was more stable under external perturbations than that of the physically crosslinked ones. Between the chemically crosslinked products, the permethylated glutamic acid-grafted chitosan exhibited a noteworthy higher water absorption capacity with respect to that modified with cysteine, which makes it the most promising material for various industrial applications, including biomedical and food industries. Regarding biomedical applications, this derivative met the required physicochemical criteria for wound dressings, which encourages the pursuit of biological studies necessary to ensure the safety of its use for this application.

Development of a cationic bacterial cellulose film loaded with anionic liposomes for prolonged release of oxacillin in wound dressing applications.

Dressings should protect wounds, promote healing, absorb fluids, and maintain moisture. Bacterial cellulose is a biopolymer that stands out in biomaterials due to its high biocompatibility in several applications. In the area of dressings, it is already marketed as an alternative to traditional dressings. However, it lacks any intrinsic activity; among these, the need for antimicrobial activity in infected wounds stands out. We developed a cationic cellulose film by modifying cellulose with 1-(5-carboxypentyl)pyridin-1-ium bromide, enhancing its wettability (contact angle: 26.6°) and water retention capacity (2714.37 %). This modified film effectively retained oxacillin compared to the unmodified control. Liposomal encapsulation further prolonged oxacillin release up to 11 days. Both oxacillin-loaded films and liposomal formulations demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Our findings demonstrate the potential of chemically modified cellulose as a platform for controlled anionic antibiotics and/or their formulations delivery in wound care.

Tunicate cellulose nanocrystals strengthened injectable stretchable hydrogel as multi-responsive enhanced antibacterial wound dressing for promoting diabetic wound healing.

The intricate microenvironment of diabetic wounds characterized by hyperglycemia, intense oxidative stress, persistent bacterial infection and complex pH fluctuations hinders the healing process. Herein, an injectable multifunctional hydrogel (QPTx) was developed, which exhibited excellent mechanical performance and triple responsiveness to pH, temperature, and glucose due to dynamic covalent cross-linking involving dynamic Schiff base bonds and phenylboronate esters with phenylboronic-modified quaternized chitosan (QCS-PBA), polydopamine coated tunicate cellulose crystals (PDAn@TCNCs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Furthermore, the hydrogels can incorporate insulin (INS) drugs to adapt to the complex and variable wound environment in diabetic patients for on-demand drug release that promote diabetic wound healing. Based on various excellent properties of the colloidal materials, the hydrogels were evaluated for self-healing, rheological and mechanical properties, in vitro insulin response to pH/temperature/glucose release, antibacterial, antioxidant, tissue adhesion, coagulation, hemostasis in vivo and in vitro, and biocompatibility and biodegradability. By introducing PDAn@TCNCs particles, the hydrogel has photothermal antibacterial activity, enhanced adhesion and oxidation resistance. We further demonstrated that these hydrogel dressings significantly improved the healing process compared to commercial dressings (Tegaderm™) in full-layer skin defect models. All indicated that the glucose-responsive QPTx hydrogel platform has great potential for treating diabetic wounds.

The influence of the pectin structure on the properties of hydrogel dressings doped with octenidine-containing antiseptic.

This article presents a method for producing hydrogel dressings using high methylated pectin from apples or citrus, doped with the antiseptic agent, octenidine dihydrochloride. Octenidine was incorporated in-situ during the polymer crosslinking. The pectins were characterized by their varying molecular weight characteristics, monosaccharide composition, and degree of esterification (DE). The study assessed the feasibility of producing biologically active hydrogels with pectin and delved into how the polymer's characteristics affect the properties of the resulting dressings. The structure evaluation of hydrogel materials showed interactions between individual components of the system and their dependence on the type of used pectin. Both the antimicrobial properties and cytotoxicity of the dressings were evaluated. The results suggest that the primary determinants of the functional attributes of the hydrogels are the molecular weight characteristics and the DE of the pectin. As these values rise, there is an increase in polymer-polymer interactions, overshadowing polymer-additive interactions. This intensification strengthens the mechanical and thermal stability of the hydrogels and enhances the release of active components into the surrounding environment. Biological evaluations demonstrated the ability of octenidine to be released from the dressings and effectively inhibit the growth of microbial pathogens.

Chitosan/rutin multifunctional hydrogel with tunable adhesion, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties for skin wound healing.

Effective wound care remains a significant challenge due to the need for infection prevention, inflammation reduction, and minimal tissue damage during dressing changes. To tackle these issues, we have developed a multifunctional hydrogel (CHI/CPBA/RU), composed of chitosan (CHI) modified with 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid (CPBA) and the natural flavonoid, rutin (RU). This design endows the hydrogel with body temperature-responsive adhesion and low temperature-triggered detachment, thus enabling painless removal during dressing changes. The CHI/CPBA/RU hydrogels exhibit excellent biocompatibility, maintaining over 97 % viability of L929 cells. They also demonstrate potent intracellular free radical scavenging activity, with scavenging ratios ranging from 53 % to 70 %. Additionally, these hydrogels show anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS) and increasing anti-inflammatory markers (Arg1 and CD206) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Notably, they possess robust antimicrobial properties, inhibiting over 99.9 % of the growth of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus growth. In vivo testing on a murine full-thickness skin defect model shows that the hydrogel significantly accelerates wound healing by reducing inflammation, increasing collagen deposition, and promoting angiogenesis, achieving 98 % healing by day 10 compared to 78 % in the control group. These attributes make the polysaccharide-based hydrogel a promising material for advanced wound care.

Release of natural extracts from PVA and PVA-CMC hydrogel wound dressings: a power law swelling/delivery.

Introduction: PVA hydrogels present many characteristics of the ideal dressing, although without antimicrobial properties. The present work aims to study the physical, mechanical and release characteristics of hydrogel wound dressings loaded with either of two natural herbal products, sage extract and dragon's blood. Methods: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and tensile mechanical testing were used to investigate the structure and properties of the gels. Swelling and degradation tests were conducted according to ISO 10993-9. Release characteristics were studied using UV Spectrophotometry. Results: PVA matrices incorporating sage extract or dragon's blood (DB) present hydrogen bonding between these components. PVA-CMC hydrogels containing sage present similar spectra to PVA-CMC alone, probably indicating low miscibility or interaction between the matrix and sage. The opposite is found for DB, which exhibits more pronounced interference with crystallinity than sage. DB and NaCMC negatively affect Young's modulus and failure strength. All samples appear to reach equilibrium swelling degree (ESD) in 24 h. The addition of DB and sage to PVA increases the gels' swelling capacity, indicating that the substances likely separate PVA chains. The inclusion of CMC contributes to high media uptake. The kinetics profile of media uptake for 4 days is described by a power-law model, which is correlated to the drug delivery mechanism. Discussion: A PVA-CMC gel incorporating 15% DB, the highest amount tested, shows the most favorable characteristics for flavonoid delivery, as well as flexibility and swelling capacity.

Enhancing the porosity of chitosan sponges with CBD by adding antimicrobial violacein.

Given the growing interest in non-toxic materials with good anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial mechanical properties, this work focuses on preparing chitosan sponges with violacein and cannabis oil crosslinked with dialdehyde chitosan. The sponge was tested for its physicochemical and biological properties, presenting a high swelling rate, good thermal stability, and satisfactory mechanical properties. The obtained sponge's water vapor transmission rate was 2101 g/m2/day and is within the recommended values for ideal wound dressings. Notably, adding violacein favorably affected the material's porosity, which is essential for dressing materials. In addition, studies have shown that the designed material interacts with human serum albumin and exhibits good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The antibacterial properties of the prepared biomaterial were assessed using the Microtox test against A. fisherii (Gram-negative bacterium) and S. aureus (Gram-positive bacterium). The investigated material provides potential therapeutic benefits due to the synergistic action of chitosan, violacein, and cannabis oil so that it could be used as a dressing material. The natural origin of the substances could provide an attractive and sustainable alternative to traditional commercially available dressings.

Effect of the molar mass of chitosan and film casting solvents on the properties of chitosan films loaded with Mentha spicata essential oil for potential application as wound dressing.

Chitosan based films endowed with antibacterial features have witnessed remarkable progress as potential wound dressings. The current study aimed at appraising the effects of the molar mass of chitosan (MM) and the film casting acids on the properties of unplasticized chitosan films and plasticized MSO-embedded chitosan films in order to provide best suited film formulation as a potential candidate for wound dressing application. The prepared films were functionally characterized in terms of their qualitative assessment, thickness, density, swelling behavior, water vapor barrier, mechanical and antibacterial properties. Overall, all chitosan films displayed thickness lower than the human dermis even though thicker and denser films were produced with lactic acid. Assessment of the swelling behavior revealed that only high molar mass (HMM) chitosan films may be regarded as absorbent dressings. Moreover, unplasticized HMM lactate (HMM-LA) films furnished lower stiffness and higher percent strain break as compared to acetate films, due to the plasticizing effect of the remaining lactic acid as alluded by the FTIR analysis. Meanwhile, they provided suitable level of moisture and indicated substantial antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, the most commonly opportunistic bacteria found in infected skin wound. Plasticized chitosan films doped with MSO were significantly thicker and more permeable to water compared to unplasticized films. Furthermore, MSO significantly potentiate the antibacterial effect of chitosan-based films. Therefore, plasticized HMM-LA/MSO chitosan film flashing good swelling behavior, adequate WVTR and WVP, suitable mechanical properties and antibacterial performances substantiated to be a promising antibacterial dressing material for moderately exuding wounds.