ABSTRACT
The accurate diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism is essential to reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. The diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism is challenging because of the nonspecific nature of the clinical profile and the risk factors. Imaging methods provide the definitive diagnosis. Currently, the imaging method most commonly used in the evaluation of pulmonary thromboembolism is computed tomography. The recent development of dual-energy computed tomography has provided a promising tool for the evaluation of pulmonary perfusion through iodine mapping. In this article, we will review the importance of diagnosing pulmonary thromboembolism, as well as the imaging methods employed, primarily dual-energy computed tomography.
ABSTRACT
Abstract The accurate diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism is essential to reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. The diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism is challenging because of the nonspecific nature of the clinical profile and the risk factors. Imaging methods provide the definitive diagnosis. Currently, the imaging method most commonly used in the evaluation of pulmonary thromboembolism is computed tomography. The recent development of dual-energy computed tomography has provided a promising tool for the evaluation of pulmonary perfusion through iodine mapping. In this article, we will review the importance of diagnosing pulmonary thromboembolism, as well as the imaging methods employed, primarily dual-energy computed tomography.
Resumo A acurácia no diagnóstico de tromboembolismo pulmonar é essencial para reduzir a morbimortalidade causada por esta enfermidade. Devido ao quadro clínico e fatores de risco inespecíficos, o diagnóstico de tromboembolismo pulmonar torna-se um desafio. Os métodos de imagem fornecem o diagnóstico definitivo, sendo a tomografia computadorizada o método mais utilizado atualmente. Nos últimos anos, houve o desenvolvimento da tomografia computadorizada com dupla energia e essa ferramenta tem se mostrado promissora para avaliação da perfusão pulmonar por meio do mapa de iodo. Neste artigo é feita revisão acerca da importância do diagnóstico de tromboembolismo pulmonar, bem como os métodos de imagem disponíveis, com ênfase na tomografia computadorizada com dupla energia.
ABSTRACT
Las fracturas del fémur proximal, secundarias a caída de su altura, pacientes posmenopáusicas con osteoporosis, es un acontecimiento de fecuencia relativa. El médico tratante debe estar preparado para los eventos tanto pre como postoperatorio que suelen ocurrir. Se propone la creación de un Grupo de Atención Geriátrica (GAG) que enfoque los problemas médicos de este grupo de pacientes y sobre todo que tenga conocimiento de la osteoporosis, su dignóstico y tratamiento médico, para prevenir una nueva fracturas. Una vez que egresa del hospital se debe indicar una densitometría doble foton (DXA) e iniciar el tratamiento para la osteoporosis dos semanas luego del egreso y hasta el momento el ácido zoledronico es el único que ha demostrado que disminuye el riesgo de mortalidad y nueva fracturas.
A fracture of the proximal femur secondary to drop height in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis is a relative frequency of occurrence. The treating physician must be prepared for both pre-and postoperative events that do occur. It proposes the establishment of a Gerietric Care Group (GAG) that approach the medical problems of this group of patients and especially with knowledge of osteoporosis, its diagnosis and medical treatment to prevent a new fracture. Once discharged from the hospital should indicate two-photon densitometry (DXA) and initiate treatment for osteoporosis two weeks after graduation and until zoledronic acid is the only one that has been shown to decrease the risk of mortality and new fracture.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Densitometry/methods , Femoral Fractures , Practice Management , Radiography, Dual-Energy Scanned Projection/methods , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/pathologyABSTRACT
Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma is a rare condition. We report a 78 year-old man with progressive pain in his right thigh and hip lasting one week. The pain subsequently was associated with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. Physical examination revealed pain to deep palpation of the area, associated with a diffuse positive rebound pain. An abdominal and pelvis CT scan showed an extensive mesenteric hematoma. During surgery, a large retroperitoneal encapsulated hematoma, without evidence of active bleeding, was found and drained. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis and was negative for cancer.