ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Despite the uncontrolled distribution of the Influenza A virus through wild birds, the detection of canine influenza virus and equine influenza virus in Mexico was absent until now. Recently, outbreaks of equine and canine influenza have been reported around the world; the virus spreads quickly among animals and there is potential for zoonotic transmission. METHODS: Amplification of the Influenza A virus matrix gene from necropsies, nasal and conjunctival swabs from trash service horses and pets/stray dogs was performed through RT-PCR. The seroprevalence was carried out through Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system using the M1 recombinant protein and polyclonal antibodies anti-M1. RESULTS: The matrix gene was amplified from 13 (19.11%) nasal swabs, two (2.94%) conjunctival swabs and five (7.35%) lung necropsies, giving a total of 20 (29.41%) positive samples in a pet dog population. A total of six (75%) positive samples of equine nasal swab were amplified. Sequence analysis showed 96-99% identity with sequences of Influenza A virus matrix gene present in H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes. The phylogenetic analysis of the sequences revealed higher identity with matrix gene sequences detected from zoonotic isolates of subtype H1N1/2009. The detection of anti-M1 antibodies in stray dogs showed a prevalence of 123 (100%) of the sampled population, whereas in horses, 114 (92.68%) positivity was obtained. CONCLUSION: The results unveil the prevalence of Influenza A virus in the population of horses and dogs in the state of Nuevo Leon, which could indicate a possible outbreak of equine and Canine Influenza in Mexico. We suggest that the prevalence of Influenza virus in companion animals be monitored to investigate its epizootic and zoonotic potential, in addition to encouraging the regulation of vaccination in these animal species in order to improve their quality of life.
ABSTRACT
Os vírus da anemia infecciosa eqüina (EIAV), da influenza eqüina tipo 2 (EIV-2) e o herpesvírus eqüino tipo 1 (EHV-1) são agentes causadores de enfermidades que podem causar graves prejuízos econômicos. O objetivo deste presente estudo foi estimar a freqüência de anticorpos contra o EIAV, EIV-2 e o EHV-1 em rebanhos do sul do Estado do Pará, Brasil. Os anticorpos contra EIAV, EIV-2 e EHV- 1 foram detectados pelo teste de IDGA, pelo método de inibição da hemaglutinação e pela técnica de soroneutralização (TCID50 =100), respectivamente. Amostras de sangue de 672, 514 e de 506 equídeos saudáveis e sem histórico de vacinação contra nenhum dos três vírus foram testadas, respectivamente, para EIAV, EIV-2, EHV-1. A seguinte freqüência de soro reativos foi observada: 1,34% para o EIAV; 35,79% para o EIV-2; 45,45% para o EHV-1. Estes resultados indicam que estes agentes estão presentes no rebanho paraense e a adoção de medidas de manejo e profilaxia devem ser priorizadas, garantindo deste modo, a prosperidade da eqüideocultura brasileira.(AU)
Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), equine influenza virus type 2 (EIV-2) and equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) are the causal agents of diseases that may bring economical Iosses. The aim of this present study was to estimate the frequency of antibodies against EIAV, EIV-2 and EHV-1 in herds of south Pará State, Brazil. Antibodies against EIAV, EIV-2 and EHV-1 were detected by AGID, hemagglutination inhibition method and serum neutralization technique (TCID50 =100), respectively. Blood samples of 572, 514, and 506 healthy equine unvaccinated against any of the three viruses were tested, respectively, for EIAV, EIV-2 and EHV-1. The following frequencies of serum reactors animals were observed: EIAV,1,34%; EIV-2, 35,79%; EHV-1, 45,45%. These results show that the agents are present in herds from Pará herds and the adoption of measures of management and prophylaxis should be prioritized, ensuring, thereby, the prosperity of brazilian's breeding equine.(AU)
Subject(s)
Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine/isolation & purification , Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/isolation & purification , Herpesvirus 1, Equid/isolation & purification , Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification , Hemagglutination Tests/methods , Neutralization Tests/methods , Epidemiology , HorsesABSTRACT
This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of antibodies against infections virus of influenza virus (EIV), viral viral arteritis (EVAV), and herpesvirus (EHV) among horses in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Brazil. Serum samples from horses of Serum samples from horses from 65 counties of northern and northwestern of RS, submitted to serological diagnosis for equine infectious anemia (EIA) at the University of Passo Fundo (UPF), were tested by inhibition hemaglutination test (HI) for EIV and by virus -neutralization test (VN) for EVAV and EHV antibodies. From 1506 samples, 986 (65.4%) presented antibodies against to EIV (titers ranging from 10 to 1280), 33 (2.2%) were positive for to EVAV antibodies (2-16), and 67 (4.5%) for EHV (2-64). Among the 65 sampled counties, 55 (84.6%) presented at least one positive animal to EIV, 15 (23%) to EVAV, and 12 (18.5%) to EHV. The prevalence among horses of different purposes (sports, farmshow and reproduction) and between genders did not differ significantly, indicating that these different herds are epidemiologically similar regarding these infections. These results demonstrate indicatesuggest the presence of these agents among RS horses and indicate the need necessityneed for additional epidemiological studies to determine the sanitary and economical importance of these infections for the RS equine husbandry.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de anticorpos contra os vírus da influenza (EIV), da arterite viral (EVAV) e herpesvírus (EHV) em eqüinos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. Amostras de soro provenientes de eqüinos de 65 municípios do Estado foram submetidas ao teste de inibição da hemaglutinação (HI) para a pesquisa de anticorpos contra o EIV, e à técnica de soroneutralização (SN), para a detecção de anticorpos contra os vírus da EVA e da EHV. Das 1.506 amostras testadas, 986 (65,4%) apresentaram anticorpos para o EIV (títulos entre 10 e 1280), 33 (2,2%) para o EVAV (2-16) e 67 (4,5%) foram positivas para o EHV (2-64). Dentre os 65 municípios amostrados, 55 (84,6%) apresentaram pelo menos um animal positivo para o EIV, 15 (23%) para o EVAV e 12 (18,5%) para o EHV. A prevalência de anticorpos para cada vírus não variou muito entre animais de diferentes propósitos (esporte, exposição e reprodução) e entre machos e fêmeas, indicando que os diferentes sistemas de criação apresentam condições epidemiológicas semelhantes em relação a essas infecções. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a circulação desses agentes na população eqüina do RS e alertam para a necessidade de estudos adicionais sobre a importância e o impacto econômico-sanitário dessas viroses para a eqüideocultura do Estado.
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of antibodies against infections virus of influenza virus (EIV), viral viral arteritis (EVAV), and herpesvirus (EHV) among horses in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Brazil. Serum samples from horses of Serum samples from horses from 65 counties of northern and northwestern of RS, submitted to serological diagnosis for equine infectious anemia (EIA) at the University of Passo Fundo (UPF), were tested by inhibition hemaglutination test (HI) for EIV and by virus -neutralization test (VN) for EVAV and EHV antibodies. From 1506 samples, 986 (65.4%) presented antibodies against to EIV (titers ranging from 10 to 1280), 33 (2.2%) were positive for to EVAV antibodies (2-16), and 67 (4.5%) for EHV (2-64). Among the 65 sampled counties, 55 (84.6%) presented at least one positive animal to EIV, 15 (23%) to EVAV, and 12 (18.5%) to EHV. The prevalence among horses of different purposes (sports, farmshow and reproduction) and between genders did not differ significantly, indicating that these different herds are epidemiologically similar regarding these infections. These results demonstrate indicatesuggest the presence of these agents among RS horses and indicate the need necessityneed for additional epidemiological studies to determine the sanitary and economical importance of these infections for the RS equine husbandry.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de anticorpos contra os vírus da influenza (EIV), da arterite viral (EVAV) e herpesvírus (EHV) em eqüinos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. Amostras de soro provenientes de eqüinos de 65 municípios do Estado foram submetidas ao teste de inibição da hemaglutinação (HI) para a pesquisa de anticorpos contra o EIV, e à técnica de soroneutralização (SN), para a detecção de anticorpos contra os vírus da EVA e da EHV. Das 1.506 amostras testadas, 986 (65,4%) apresentaram anticorpos para o EIV (títulos entre 10 e 1280), 33 (2,2%) para o EVAV (2-16) e 67 (4,5%) foram positivas para o EHV (2-64). Dentre os 65 municípios amostrados, 55 (84,6%) apresentaram pelo menos um animal positivo para o EIV, 15 (23%) para o EVAV e 12 (18,5%) para o EHV. A prevalência de anticorpos para cada vírus não variou muito entre animais de diferentes propósitos (esporte, exposição e reprodução) e entre machos e fêmeas, indicando que os diferentes sistemas de criação apresentam condições epidemiológicas semelhantes em relação a essas infecções. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a circulação desses agentes na população eqüina do RS e alertam para a necessidade de estudos adicionais sobre a importância e o impacto econômico-sanitário dessas viroses para a eqüideocultura do Estado.