Translation, reliability, and validity of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Brachial Plexus Outcome Measure scale (BPOM-Br).

PURPOSE: To translate and investigate inter-rater reliability, internal consistency, content validity, and construct validity of the Brazilian-Portuguese Version of the Brachial Plexus Outcome Measure Scale (BPOM-Br). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The translation followed international guidelines. Inter-rater reliability was tested with 51 individuals with Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy (NBPP), aged between 4 to 16 years old. To determine concurrent construct validity, children were also assessed with the Mallet Scale. Statistical analysis included Bland-Altman, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Floor and Ceiling and effect, and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: The majority of the sample consisted of children with upper NBPP (75.2%), mean age of 8.9 years old. BPOM-Br showed appropriate content validity (comprehensiveness) according to rehabilitation professionals. It also showed excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.90) and internal consistency (α = 0.91). Bland-Altman analysis showed bias close to zero. Finally, BPOM-Br showed overall significant positive correlations with the Mallet scale items (rs= 0.31 to 0.78 p < 0.05), indicating adequate concurrent validity. CONCLUSIONS: BPOM-Br is a consistent, reliable, and valid instrument to assess activity of school-aged children with NBPP.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe Brazilian-Portuguese Version of the Brachial Plexus Outcome Measure Scale (BPOM-Br) presents understandable items and no ceiling and floor effects.The BPOM-Br provides a valid and reliable version for use in Brazilian school-aged children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy.It is important to promote its use both in clinical practice and in research as a specific evaluation of activity domain.

Arthroscopic Repair of Rotator Cuff Injury: An Analysis of Function, Muscular Strength and Pain Between Single Row and Double Row Techniques.

Objective To evaluate the patients submitted to arthroscopic repair of the rotator cuff (RC), comparing the functional results, muscle strength, and pain obtained after single row (SR) and double row (DR) techniques. Methods Data were collected at the postoperative follow-up (minimum of 12 months) of 128 patients submitted to arthroscopic RC repair from 2011 to 2018. The clinical-functional variables were collected through the clinical examination, and the demographic, surgical and injury variables of the RC were collected from the electronic medical records. The results were compared between the SR and DR groups. Results The DR group showed higher anterior elevation strength when compared with the SR group (SF: 4.72 ± 2.73 kg versus DR: 5.90 ± 2.73 kg; p = 0.017). The other variables of muscle strength, Constant-Murley Score, University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale (UCLA), and pain, were similar. Performing the stratification by size, in the analysis of small and medium injuries, no differences were found between the groups. However, in the analysis of large and extensive injuries, patients submitted to DR presented superiority of both muscle lifting strength (SF: 3.98 ± 2.24 kg versus DR: 6.39 ± 2.73 kg) and Constant score (SF: 81 ± 10 versus DR: 88 ± 7). Conclusion The use of the DR technique in arthroscopic RC repair allowed higher levels of muscle strength for anterior shoulder elevation when compared with the SF technique. Data stratification in large and extensive injuries showed superiority of anterior shoulder elevation muscle strength and of the Constant score in patients submitted to DR.

Arthroscopic Repair of Rotator Cuff Injury: An Analysis of Function, Muscular Strength and Pain Between Single Row and Double Row Techniques / Reparo artroscópico da lesão de manguito rotador: Uma análise da função, força muscular e dor entre técnicas de fileira simples e fileira dupla

Abstract Objective To evaluate the patients submitted to arthroscopic repair of the rotator cuff (RC), comparing the functional results, muscle strength, and pain obtained after single row (SR) and double row (DR) techniques. Methods Data were collected at the postoperative follow-up (minimum of 12 months) of 128 patients submitted to arthroscopic RC repair from 2011 to 2018. The clinical-functional variables were collected through the clinical examination, and the demographic, surgical and injury variables of the RC were collected from the electronic medical records. The results were compared between the SR and DR groups. Results The DR group showed higher anterior elevation strength when compared with the SR group (SF: 4.72 ± 2.73 kg versus DR: 5.90 ± 2.73 kg; p = 0.017). The other variables of muscle strength, Constant-Murley Score, University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale (UCLA), and pain, were similar. Performing the stratification by size, in the analysis of small and medium injuries, no differences were found between the groups. However, in the analysis of large and extensive injuries, patients submitted to DR presented superiority of both muscle lifting strength (SF: 3.98 ± 2.24 kg versus DR: 6.39 ± 2.73 kg) and Constant score (SF: 81 ± 10 versus DR: 88 ± 7). Conclusion The use of the DR technique in arthroscopic RC repair allowed higher levels of muscle strength for anterior shoulder elevation when compared with the SF technique. Data stratification in large and extensive injuries showed superiority of anterior shoulder elevation muscle strength and of the Constant score in patients submitted to DR.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os pacientes submetidos ao reparo artroscópico do manguito rotador (MR), comparando-se os resultados funcionais, força muscular e dor obtidos após as técnicas de fileira simples (FS) e de fileira dupla (FD). Métodos Foram coletados os dados do seguimento pós-operatório (mínimo de 12 meses) de 128 pacientes submetidos ao reparo artroscópico do MR durante o período de 2011 a 2018. As variáveis clínico-funcionais foram coletadas por meio do exame clínico, e as variáveis demográficas, cirúrgicas e das lesões do MR a partir dos prontuários eletrônicos. Os resultados foram comparados entre os grupos FS e FD. Resultados O grupo FD demonstrou força de elevação anterior maior quando comparado ao grupo FS (FS: 4,72 ± 2,73 kg versus FD:5,90 ± 2,73 kg; p = 0,017). As demais variáveis de força muscular, Constant-Murley Score, University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale (UCLA, na sigla em inglês) e dor foram similares. Realizando-se a estratificação por tamanho, na análise das lesões pequenas e médias, não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos. Porém, na análise das lesões grandes e extensas, os pacientes submetidos à FD apresentaram superioridade tanto na força muscular de elevação (FS: 3,98 ± 2,24 kg versus FD: 6,39 ± 2,73 kg) quanto no escore Constant (FS: 81 ± 10 versus FD: 88 ± 7). Conclusão A utilização da técnica de FD no reparo artroscópico do MR possibilitou maiores níveis de força muscular para elevação anterior do ombro quando comparada à técnica de FS. A estratificação dos dados em lesões grandes e extensas evidenciou superioridade da força muscular de elevação anterior do ombro e do escore Constant nos pacientes submetidos à FD.

Handgrip Strength-Related Factors in a Colombian Hypertensive Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: This study determined the factors associated with manual grip strength in people with high blood pressure (HBP); (2) Methods: 219 subjects participated in this cross-sectional study, which evaluated muscle strength (manual dynamometer), sociodemographic factors, clinical characteristics, level of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-IPAQ score), and depression (Zung's Depression Self-Rating Scale); (3) Results: The bivariate analysis found that handgrip strength in people with HPB was associated with sex (p = 0.000), age (p = 0.000), ethnicity (p = 0.019), smoking habits (p = 0.037), alcohol consumption (p = 0.004), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.012), weight (p = 0.000), height (p = 0.000), measurement of waist circumference (p = 0.002), depression (p = 0.041), and IPAQ score (p = 0.000). Regardless of being male or female, handgrip strength was associated with age (p = 0.009), IPAQ (p = 0.000), weight (p = 0.038), height (p = 0.000), DPB units (p = 0.043), and depression (p = 0.020). The multivariate generalized linear gamma regression model showed that the coefficient with the greatest weight, regardless of sex, was age (p = 0.043), level of physical activity (24% more at high level than at low level, p = 0.031), and depression (moderate/severe depression level) associated with lower handgrip strength (p = 0.025); (4) Conclusions: Handgrip strength showed an association with level of physical activity, age, and level of depression in a middle-aged population with HBP.

Assessment in the Supine-To-Stand Task and Functional Health from Youth to Old Age: A Systematic Review.

Performance in the supine-to-stand (STS) task is an important functional and health marker throughout life, but the evaluation methods and some correlates can impact it. This article aims to examine the studies that assessed the performance of the STS task of young people, adults and the elderly. Evidence of the association between the STS task and body weight status, musculoskeletal fitness and physical activity was investigated, and a general protocol was proposed. MEDLINE/Pubmed and Web of Science databases were accessed for searching studies measuring the STS task directly; identification, objective, design, sample, protocols and results data were extracted; the risk of bias was assessed (PROSPERO CRD42017055693). From 13,155 studies, 37 were included, and all demonstrated a low to moderate risk of bias. The STS task was applied in all world, but the protocols varied across studies, and they lacked detail; robust evidence demonstrating the association between STS task and musculoskeletal fitness was found; there was limited research examining body weight status, physical activity and the STS task performance. In conclusion, the STS task seems to be a universal tool to track motor functional competence and musculoskeletal fitness throughout life for clinical or research purposes.

Evaluación funcional de un programa de entrenamiento físico en pacientes infartados con disfunción sistólica severa del ventrículo izquierdo / Functional evaluation of a physical training programme in myocardial infarction patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la factibilidad y los efectos sobre la capacidad funcional de un programa de entrenamiento físico supervisado, aplicado en pacientes con disfunción sistólica severa del ventrículo izquierdo después de infarto agudo de miocardio. Métodos: Se estudiaron 37 pacientes, de ambos sexos y sin límites de edad, con diagnóstico de disfunción sistólica severa del ventrículo izquierdo, después de haber sufrido un infarto agudo de miocardio, que consecutivamente se incorporaron al programa ambulatorio del Centro de Rehabilitación del Instituto de Cardiología. Se hicieron pruebas de esfuerzo máximas limitadas por síntomas con determinación de consumo de oxígeno, ecocardiogramas en reposo y ventriculografías isotópicas en reposo y esfuerzo a los 2, 8 y 18 meses de evolución, y un tiempo medio de seguimiento clínico de 4,1 años. A todos se les prescribió un régimen de entrenamiento físico moderado o intenso, durante un año como mínimo. Se consideró disfunción sistólica severa cuando la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo fue menor de 35%. Resultados: Todos los parámetros ergométricos que expresaron capacidad funcional incrementaron significativamente en la evaluación del octavo mes (p< 0,0005), permaneciendo invariables a los 18. La fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo media en reposo inicial fue de 28,3 ± 5,3%, la cual no mostró variaciones significativas con el esfuerzo ni con otros estudios evolutivos. La mortalidad total y la morbilidad de la serie fueron de 10,5% y 47,3%, respectivamente. Conclusión: El entrenamiento físico supervisado en pacientes infartados con disfunción sistólica severa de ventrículo izquierdo fue seguro y efectivo, y mejoró su calidad de vida, sin causar efectos negativos sobre la función ventricular.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and effects on the functional capacity of a supervised physical training programme carried out on patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction after an acute myocardial infarction. Methods: The study included a total of 37 patients, males and females of any age, with a diagnosis of severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction after having suffered an acute myocardial infarction. They were consecutively included into the ambulatory programme of the Institute of Cardiology Rehabilitation Centre. Maximum effort tests, limited by symptoms, were performed to determine oxygen consumption. Echocardiograms were also performed at rest, with isotopic ventriculography at rest and then at 2, 8, and 18 months. The mean clinical follow-up was 4.1 years. They were all prescribed to a moderate or intense training programme for at least one year. Severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction was considered when the left ventricular ejection fraction was less than 35%. Results: All the ergometric parameters that expressed functional capacity increased significantly in the evaluation at 8 months (P< .0005), and remained at 18 months. The initial mean left ventricular ejection fraction at rest was 28.3 ± 5.3%, which showed no significant changes with effort or in the other evaluation times. The overall mortality and morbidity of the series was 10.5% and 47.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Supervised physical training in patients after an acute myocardial infarction and with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction was safe and effective, and improved the quality of life, without causing negative effects on ventricular function.

Adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Parents' Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH) rating scale.

Objetive: To linguistically adapt and validate the Spanish version of the PEACH rating scale and identify the variables associated.Design: A transversal study of parents/guardians of infants and children with either normal hearing or hearing impairment.Study sample: The protocol included translation into Spanish and adapted linguistically. Regression models were constructed using logistic regression, obtaining the respective areas under the ROC curve. Validity was studied through an exploratory factor analyses and reliability analysis was carried out using Cronbach's Alpha.Results: The PEACH rating scale was carried out on 297 parents. There was a high degree of reliability for both children with hearing impairment (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.93) and for those with normal hearing (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.82). The exploratory factor analysis showed the existence of one factor (unidimensional). In relation to the variables associated with the global scores of the scale, the type of hearing loss and laterality impact on the score. The area under the ROC curve was 0.89, showing elevated sensitivity and specificity.Conclusions: The adapted version can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of amplification for infants and children with hearing impairment in Spanish-speaking children. The PEACH rating scale to Spanish has validity indicators similar to the original.

Superficial temperature and pain tolerance in patients with chronic low back pain.

INTRODUCTION: Low back pain is a common and very prevalent disease and can impose limitations that negatively impact patients. The objective of this study was to verify and compare the association between lumbar superficial temperature and pressure pain tolerance thresholds in individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain and healthy controls. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study involving 38 individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain and 19 healthy controls. Volunteers underwent thermographic (infrared sensor), pain perception (visual analog scale), and pressure pain tolerance thresholds (algometry) evaluations in the right and left paravertebral muscles and L4-L5 ligament. RESULTS: A lower tolerance to pressure pain was found in patients compared to controls at all evaluated sites (p ≤ 0.003). Superficial temperature was significantly higher in the sites evaluated in the low back pain group (p < 0.001). In patients with low back pain, pain perception was weakly and inversely correlated with pressure pain tolerance (r = -0.31; p = 0.05) and moderately correlated to the temperature of the evaluated sites (r = 0.51 to 0.59, p ≤ 0.001). Also, an inverse and weak to moderate association was observed between pressure pain tolerance thresholds and temperature in patients only (r = -0.36 to -0.49; p ≤ 0.02). CONCLUSION: Individuals with low back pain have lower pressure pain tolerance thresholds and higher superficial temperature in the lumbar region when compared to healthy individuals. The associations observed show that the higher the pain perception, the lower the pain tolerance and the higher the superficial temperature in the lumbar region. Also, the higher the temperature, the lower the pain tolerance.

Alternative scapular stabilization exercises to target strength, endurance and function of shoulders in tetraplegia: A prospective non-controlled intervention study.

OBJECTIVE: Scapular stabilization exercises (SSE) are well-established for the able-bodies. The aim of the current study is to access the potential benefits of SSE on isometric internal and external rotator strength, endurance and function of the shoulder in persons with tetraplegia, throughout a 12-week exercise program consisting of five resisted movements with elastic bands. DESIGN: Prospective non-controlled intervention study. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS/INTERVENTIONS: A convenience sample of 17 subjects (age, 40.0±10.0 years old) with SCI was recruited from the University Hospital at the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) from March 2015 to February 2016. They performed 5-resisted-SSE for 12 weeks, using Thera-band® elastic bands. Four evaluations were required: Baseline1, Baseline2, 6W and 12W. OUTCOME MEASURES: The dependent variables were isometric internal and external rotation strength, flexion and abduction endurance and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score. RESULTS: Isometric external rotation strength and flexion endurance increased after SSE and were classified as "clinically relevant" using minimal importance difference (MID). Abduction endurance increased but it was classified as "not clinically relevant". DASH score reported no significant differences but it was classified as "potentially clinically relevant". Correlations were observed among time since injury and endurance improvements. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that specific training of the scapula muscles shows a benefit for shoulder strength, endurance and function of the shoulder in subjects with tetraplegia and should be part of the rehabilitation program. Besides, the SSE can be performed by subjects with tetraplegia themselves on a regular basis.

Características clínicas y radiológicas de una cohorte de niños con trombosis venosa intracraneal / Clinical and radiological features of cerebral venous thrombosis in a children cohort

Resumen: Introducción: La trombosis venosa intracraneal (TVI) es una condición infrecuente y poco estudiada en población pediátrica. Objetivos: Describir y comparar características clínicas/radiológicas de ni ños no neonatos con TVI según edad y analizar la asociación de estas variables con deterioro funcio nal al alta o mortalidad aguda. Metodología: Estudio observacional de una cohorte de niños > 30 días con una primera TVI diagnosticada con imágenes/venografía por resonancia magnética encefálica. Medimos funcionalidad con la escala modificada de Rankin definiendo compromiso funcional mar cado con 3 a 5 puntos. Comparamos los promedios de edades entre grupos con y sin las diferentes variables estudiadas con la prueba U-Mann-Whitney (significancia < 0,05). Realizamos análisis de regresión logística para estimar el riesgo de resultado adverso de cada variable expresado en Odds Ra tios (ORs) e intervalos de confianza (IC) al 95%. Resultados: De 21 pacientes, 42.8% eran niñas, me diana de edad 6,27 años (rango intercuartil: 0,74-10). El promedio de edad fue menor en niños con retardo diagnóstico > 48 h (p = 0,041), puntaje < 12 en la escala coma de Glasgow (p = 0,013), crisis epilépticas (p = 0,041), trombosis de seno recto (p = 0,011) y hemorragia intracraneal (p = 0,049); mientras que fue mayor en niños con síndrome de hipertensión endocraneal (p = 0,008). La presen cia de alguna condición crónica sistémica (OR = 11,2; IC = 1,04-120,4), TVI profunda (OR = 14; IC = 1,3-150,8) e infarto encefálico (OR = 15,8; IC = 1,4-174,2) se asoció a compromiso funcional marcado o mortalidad al alta. Conclusiones: Las características clínicas/radiológicas de la TVI varían según la edad. Las patologías crónicas, compromiso del sistema venoso profundo e infarto encefálico predicen mal pronóstico a corto plazo.

Abstract: Introduction: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon and poorly studied condition in the pediatric population. Objectives: To describe and compare the clinical and radiological features of non-neonatal children with CVT according to age and to analyze their association with functional impairment or mortality at hospital discharge. Methodology: An observational cohort study of chil dren older than 30 days with a first CVT diagnosed with imaging/venography by magnetic resonance (IMR/VMR). We measure functionality with the modified Rankin scale defining marked impairment with 3 to 5 points. We used U-Mann-Whitney test to compare ages averages between groups with and without the different studied variables (significance < 0.05). We used logistic regression analyses to estimate the risk of adverse outcome for each variable expressed in Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Among 21 patients recruited, 42.8% were girls, median age 6.27 years (Interquartile range: 0.74-10). The average age was lower in children with diagnostic delay > 48 hours (p = 0.041), score < 12 in the Glasgow coma scale (p = 0.013), seizures (p = 0.041), sinus rectus thrombosis (p = 0.011), and intracranial hemorrhage (p = 0.049); while it was significantly higher in children with intracranial hypertension syndrome (p = 0.008). The presence of some chro nic systemic condition (OR = 11.2; CI = 1.04-120.4), deep CVT (OR = 14; CI = 1.3-150.8), and brain ischemia (OR = 15.8; CI = 1.4-174.2) was associated with marked functional impairment or mor tality at discharge. Conclusions: Clinical and radiological features of CVT are age-related. Chronic illnesses, deep venous system involvement, and brain ischemia predict adverse short-term outcomes.

Relação dos índices antropométricos e vitamina D com o desempenho funcional em idosos / Relationship of anthropometric indices and vitamin D with functional performance in elderly

A complexidade que abrange o processo do envelhecimento e a saúde do idoso envolve mudanças no estado nutricional, como alterações dos índices antropométricos e das concentrações de vitamina D. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o desempenho funcional dos idosos e sua relação com parâmetros antropométricos e níveis de vitamina D. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo, realizado com 359 idosos assistidos por equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) do município de Teresina-PI, no período entre fevereiro a junho de 2011. Os idosos foram entrevistados individualmente em visitas domiciliares, utilizando-se um questionário estruturado com questões abertas e fechadas referentes aos dados sociodemográficos. Em seguida, foram submetidos ao exame bioquímico onde se realizou uma venopunção, com uma coleta de 5ml de sangue para posterior dosagens séricas de 25OHD. Logo após, foi realizada a avaliação dos índices antropométricos, por meio de medidas de massa corporal (MC), estimativa da estatura (E), índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência do braço e dobra cutânea tricipital. E posteriormente, para a avaliação do desempenho funcional dos idosos foi utilizado o teste Timed Up and Go (TUG). Os resultados demonstraram que o tempo médio de realização do TUG foi 13,8s. Observou-se que massa corporal (12%), altura (6%), área muscular do braço (5%) e vitamina D (29%) foram estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05) quando comparados entre os sexos. A correlação foi significativa entre associações TUG, idade (p = 0,407, p < 0,001) e altura (p = -0,201, p < 0,001). Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre o TUG, idade (p = 0,413, p < 0,001) e altura (p = -0,259, p < 0,001) para o grupo feminino (n = 220) e correlações significativas entre o TUG, idade (p = 0,507, p < 0,001) para o grupo masculino (n = 139). Conclui-se que dentre os parâmetros antropométricos o IMC e a circunferência abdominal foram associados com o desempenho no teste mostrando que quanto maior o IMC e CA maior o tempo de realização do teste. Os níveis séricos de Vitamina D não foram associados ao desempenho no teste. (AU)

The complexity covering the aging process and the health of the aged involves changes in nutritional status, such as changes in anthropometric indices and vitamin D concentrations. This study aimed to analyze the functional performance of the aged and its relationship with anthropometric parameters and levels of vitamin D. It is a transversal and descriptive study with 359 aged people assisted by teams of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the city Teresina-PI in the period from February to June 2011. The aged were interviewed individually during home visits, using a structured questionnaire with open and closed questions relating to sociodemographic data. They were then subjected to biochemical tests were conducted a venipuncture through a collection of 5ml of blood for subsequent serum levels of 25OHD. Soon after, it was carried out the evaluation of anthropometric indices, using body mass (MC), height estimate (E), body mass index (BMI), arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness. And later, to evaluate the functional performance of the aged was used test Timed Up and Go (TUG). The results showed that the mean duration of the TUG was 13,8s. It was observed that body weight (12%), height (6%), muscle area of the arm (5%) and vitamin D (29%) were statistically significant (p < 0.05) when compared between the sexes. Correlation coefficients were significant associations between TUG, age (p = 0.407, p < 0.001) and time (p = -0.201, p < 0.001). Significant correlations were found between the TUG, age (p = 0.413, p < 0.001) and height (p = -0.259, p < 0.001) for the female group (n = 220) and significant correlations between the TUG, age (p = 0.507, p < 0.001) for the male group (n = 139). It is concluded that among the anthropometric parameters BMI and waist circumference were associated with performance on the test showing that the higher BMI and higher CA the test performance time. Serum levels of vitamin D were not associated with performance on the test. (AU)

Body temperature of healthy men evaluated by thermography: A study of reproducibility.

BACKGROUND: Thermography is a safe, painless, and efficient method for checking the temperature of the skin. OBJECTIVE: Was to assess the pattern of skin temperature of healthy men, as well as to verify the reproducibility of the method. METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 30 men evaluated by thermography in two moments by using an infrared camera (FLIR +T650SC®). The skin temperature of 24 regions of interest (ROI) was measured. RESULTS: The mean difference in temperature of 10 ROIs in the two evaluations was not statistically significant. The comparisons of the ΔTsk between the right and left sides by the two evaluations showed no differences. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) between the two moments of evaluation were statistically significant, where the dorsal measurements (Left forearm and Right dorsal arm) showed poor correlations and the others ranged from moderate to strong. Greater reproducibility was confirmed for ventral and dorsal hand ROIs; however, they presented the highest coefficient of variation (9% and 8%). CONCLUSION: There is a similarity between the temperatures of the ROIs and the reproducibility in 22 of the 24 ROIs varies from moderate to strong, showing that thermography is a reproducible method in healthy men.

Quantitative functional evaluation of a 3D-printed silicone-embedded prosthesis for partial hand amputation: A case report.

STUDY DESIGN: A male patient with partial hand amputation of his nondominant hand, with only stumps of the proximal phalanx of the first and fifth finger, was evaluated. The performance of using two alternative 3D printed silicone-embedded personalized prostheses was evaluated using the quantitative Jebsen Hand Function Test. INTRODUCTION: Custom design and fabrication of 3D printed prostheses appears to be a good technique for improving the clinical treatment of patients with partial hand amputations. Despite its importance the literature shows an absence of studies reporting on quantitative functional evaluations of 3D printed hand prostheses. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: We aim at producing the first quantitative assessment of the impact of using 3D printed silicone-embedded prostheses that can be fabricated and customized within the clinical environment. METHODS: Alginate molds and computed tomographic scans were taken from the patient's hand. Each candidate prosthesis was modeled in Computer Aided Design software and then fabricated using a combination of 3D printed parts and silicone-embedded components. DISCUSSION: Incorporating the patient's feedback during the design loop was very important for obtaining a good aid on his work activities. Although the explored patient-centered design process still requires a multidisciplinary team, functional benefits are large. CONCLUSION(S): Quantitative data demonstrates better hand performance when using 3D printed silicone-embedded prosthesis vs not using any aid. The patient accomplished complex tasks such as driving a nail and opening plastic bags. This was impossible without the aid of produced prosthesis.

Reparación artroscópica con banda simple en pacientes con lesión aislada de ligamento cruzado posterior. Serie de Casos / Single-row arthroscopic repair in patients with isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury. Case Series

Introducción La lesión aislada del ligamento cruzado posterior ocasiona inestabilidad y falla del componente rotatorio de la rodilla. El objetivo del trabajo es describir los resultados del tratamiento artroscópico con banda simple operados por técnica de un solo haz con monotúnel y fijación con tornillos interferenciales en pacientes con lesiones aisladas del Ligamento Cruzado Posterior grado III. Materiales & métodos Estudio transversal. Se utilizó el formulario IKDC para evaluar tratamiento de lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Posterior preoperatoriamente y al año. La estadística empleada fue descriptiva, se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, U de Mann Whitnney-Wilcoxon para comparar medias. Resultados Fueron 5 pacientes, 4(80%) fueron masculinos y 1(20%) femenino, la edad promedio 27.8 años (mínima 20, máxima 33) ± 5.58 años, el lado afectado fue derecho en 3(60%), izquierdo en 2(40%) pacientes, todos presentaron signo de cajón posterior positivo. Los resultados del formulario IKDC prequirúrgico y al año fueron: diferencia de promedios 2.6, suma de rangos negativos 15, suma de rangos positivos 0, z= -2.070, p=0.038, al año ningún paciente presentó signo de cajón posterior positivo. Discusión El tratamiento de lesiones aisladas del LCP grado III con técnica de un solo haz y monotúnel con autoinjerto de isquiotibiales por vía artroscópica ofrece resultados buenos.

Background Isolated lesions of the posterior cruciate ligament cause instability and failure in the rotating component of the knee. The objective of this article is to describe the results of single-row arthroscopic treatment using a single-bundle technique with a single tunnel and fixation with interference screws in patients with isolated lesions of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament, grade III. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using the IKDC Test to evaluate, pre-operatively and yearly, the treatment of posterior cruciate ligament injuries. The statistics used were descriptive, as well as measures of central tendency and dispersion, and Mann Whitney U- Wilcoxon tests to compare means. Results The study included 5 patients, 4 (80%) were male and 1 (20%) female, and a mean age 27.8 years (minimum 20, maximum 33) ± 5.58 years). The affected side was right in 3%, left in 2 (40%) patients, and all showed a posterior drawer sign. The results of the pre-operative IKDC test were: difference of means 2.6, sum of negative ranks 15, sum of positive ranks 0, z = -2.070, P=.038; after surgery no patient had a positive posterior drawer sign. Discussion The treatment of isolated grade III lesions of PCL with a single bundle and tunnel technique with an arthroscopic autograft of hamstrings offers good results.

Perfusão por tomografia computadorizada: apresentação da técnica e possíveis aplicações na medicina humana e veterinária / Computed tomography perfusion: technical presentation and possible applications in veterinary and human medicine / Perfusión por tomografía computarizada: presentación de la técnica y posibles aplicaciones en la medicina humana y veterinaria

A perfusão por tomografia computadorizada (PTC) é uma técnica de diagnóstico por imagem que agrega a avaliação funcional dos tecidos à análise morfológica do exame tomográfico convencional, permitindo assim estudar o comportamento dos tecidos normais e doentes. O exame fornece valores numéricos e imagens tomográficas pseudocoloridas que permitem a realização de uma análise tanto quantitativa quanto qualitativa da perfusão tecidual. Considerada um método rápido e sensível da avaliação de acidente vascular cerebral em medicina humana, ainda abarca grande espectro de aplicações clínicas na oncologia, como a diferenciação de lesões inflamatórias e tumorais, a caracterização de lesões da presente revisão é descrever a técnica de PTC e suas principais indicações, vantagens e desvantagens.

Perfusion computed tomography (PTC) is a diagnostic imaging technique that combines the morphological analysis of conventional computed tomographic exams and the functional evaluation of tissues, thus allowing study of the behavior of normal and diseased tissues. The examination provides numerical values and pseudo-colored tomographic images that allow quantitative and qualitative analysis of the tissue perfusion. PTC is considered a fast and sensitive method in stroke evaluation and has a wide spectrum of clinical applications in oncology, such as the differentiation of inflammatory and neoplastic tissues, in the characterization of hidden malignant lesions and in the evaluation of tumor response to therapy. The aim of this review is to describe the PTC technique and its advantages and disadvantages, as well as its main indications.

La perfusión por tomografía computarizada (PTC) es una técnica de diagnóstico por imagen que combina el examen morfológico de la tomografía convencional con el análisis funcional de los tejidos, que permite estudiar el comportamiento de los tejidos normales y enfermos. Este examen ofrece valores numéricos e imágenes tomográficas pseudocoloreadas que permiten la realización de un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de la perfusión de los tejidos. Esta técnica, que es considerada un método rápido y sensible en la evaluación de accidentes cerebrovasculares en medicina humana, posee otras aplicaciones en el área oncológica, como por ejemplo la diferenciación entre lesiones inflamatorias y tumorales, la caracterización de lesiones malignas ocultas, y la evaluación de la respuesta tumoral al tratamiento. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir la técnica de PTC, sus principales indicaciones, ventajas y desventajas.

Perfusão por tomografia computadorizada: apresentação da técnica e possíveis aplicações na medicina humana e veterinária / Computed tomography perfusion: technical presentation and possible applications in veterinary and human medicine / Perfusión por tomografía computarizada: presentación de la técnica y posibles aplicaciones en la medicina humana y veterinaria

A perfusão por tomografia computadorizada (PTC) é uma técnica de diagnóstico por imagem que agrega a avaliação funcional dos tecidos à análise morfológica do exame tomográfico convencional, permitindo assim estudar o comportamento dos tecidos normais e doentes. O exame fornece valores numéricos e imagens tomográficas pseudocoloridas que permitem a realização de uma análise tanto quantitativa quanto qualitativa da perfusão tecidual. Considerada um método rápido e sensível da avaliação de acidente vascular cerebral em medicina humana, ainda abarca grande espectro de aplicações clínicas na oncologia, como a diferenciação de lesões inflamatórias e tumorais, a caracterização de lesões da presente revisão é descrever a técnica de PTC e suas principais indicações, vantagens e desvantagens.(AU)

Perfusion computed tomography (PTC) is a diagnostic imaging technique that combines the morphological analysis of conventional computed tomographic exams and the functional evaluation of tissues, thus allowing study of the behavior of normal and diseased tissues. The examination provides numerical values and pseudo-colored tomographic images that allow quantitative and qualitative analysis of the tissue perfusion. PTC is considered a fast and sensitive method in stroke evaluation and has a wide spectrum of clinical applications in oncology, such as the differentiation of inflammatory and neoplastic tissues, in the characterization of hidden malignant lesions and in the evaluation of tumor response to therapy. The aim of this review is to describe the PTC technique and its advantages and disadvantages, as well as its main indications.(AU)

La perfusión por tomografía computarizada (PTC) es una técnica de diagnóstico por imagen que combina el examen morfológico de la tomografía convencional con el análisis funcional de los tejidos, que permite estudiar el comportamiento de los tejidos normales y enfermos. Este examen ofrece valores numéricos e imágenes tomográficas pseudocoloreadas que permiten la realización de un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de la perfusión de los tejidos. Esta técnica, que es considerada un método rápido y sensible en la evaluación de accidentes cerebrovasculares en medicina humana, posee otras aplicaciones en el área oncológica, como por ejemplo la diferenciación entre lesiones inflamatorias y tumorales, la caracterización de lesiones malignas ocultas, y la evaluación de la respuesta tumoral al tratamiento. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir la técnica de PTC, sus principales indicaciones, ventajas y desventajas.(AU)

Perfil de saúde de idosos adventistas que ultrapassaram a expectativa de vida / Health profile of adventist elders who exceeded life expectancy / Perfil de salud de ancianos adventistas que superaron la expectativa de vida

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar aspectos do perfil de saúde de idosos adventistas do sétimo dia que ultrapassaram a expectativa média de vida. O estudo realizado foi analítico observacional transversal. Participaram da pesquisa 90 idosos com média de idade de 82,9 anos. A coleta de dados consistiu na aplicação dos seguintes instrumentos de avaliação: o mini-exame do estado mental (MEEM), questionário sócio-demográfico para conhecer o perfil social; mini-avaliação nutricional (MAN), e a Escala Internacional de Eficácia de Quedas (FES). As atividades básicas da vida diária (AVDB) foram avaliadas pela escala funcional de Katz e a Escala de Lawton e Brody de atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVD). A maioria dos idosos entrevistados era de brancos, casados, com 7,3 anos de estudos, aposentados, filhos de pais longevos e do sexo masculino. A doença mais prevalente foi a hipertensão arterial. A carga de doenças foi de 3,2 doenças. A pontuação na Escala de Katz foi de 6,3±0,8 pontos, na Escala de Lawton e Brody de 25,1±3,8, na Escala FES foi de 24,7±10,4 e na MAN de 11,7±1,3 pontos. Não houve diferença ao serem comparados homens em relação a mulheres. Ao serem feitas as correlações entre as variáveis estudadas, houve muitas correlações significantes, porém fracas. Apenas 4 correlações foram consideradas moderadas. Correlação positiva entre AIVD e MEEM, entre AIVD e MAN, Correlação inversa entre AIVD e FES e AIVD e ABVD.

The objective of this study was to study the health profile of Seventh-day Adventist elderly who exceeded the average life expectancy. The study was transversal observational analytical. A total of 90 elderly people with an average age of 82.9 years participated in the study. The data collection consisted of the application of the following evaluation instruments: The mini mental state examination (MEEM), socio-demographic questionnaire to know the social profile; mini nutritional assessment (MAN), International Falls Efficiency Scale (FES). The basic activities of daily living (BADL) were assessed by the Katz functional scale and the Lawton and Brody Scale of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The majority of the elderly interviewed were white, married, with 7.3 years of education, retired, children of long-lived and male parents. The most prevalent disease was hypertension. The burden of disease was 3.2 diseases. The Katz Scale score was 6.3 ± 0.8 points, in the Lawton and Brody Scale of 25.1 ± 3.8, in the FES Scale was 24.7 ± 10.4 and in the MAN score of 11, 7 ± 1.3 points. There was no difference when men from women were compared. When the correlations between the studied variables were made, there were many significant but weak correlations. Only 4 correlations were considered moderate. Positive correlation between IADL and MEEM, between IADL and MAN, inverse correlation between IADL and FES and IADL and BADL.

El objetivo de este estudio fue aspectos del perfil de salud de los ancianos adventistas del séptimo día que sobrepasaron la expectativa media de vida. El estudio realizado fue analítico observacional transversal. Participaron de la encuesta 90 ancianos con promedio de edad de 82,9 años. La recolección de datos consistió en la aplicación de los siguientes instrumentos de evaluación: El mini examen del estado mental (MEEM), cuestionario socio demográfico para conocer el perfil social; minima evaluación nutricional (MAN), Escala Internacional de Eficacia de Caídas (FES). Las actividades básicas de la vida diaria (AVDB) fueron evaluadas por la escala funcional de Katz y la Escala de Lawton y Brody de actividades instrumentales de vida diaria (AIVD). La mayoría de los ancianos entrevistados eran blancos, casados, con 7,3 años de estudios, jubilados, hijos de padres longevos y del sexo masculino. La enfermedad más prevalente fue la hipertensión arterial. La carga de las enfermedades fue de 3,2 enfermedades. La puntuación en la escala de Katz fue de 6,3 ± 0,8 puntos, en la escala de Lawton y Brody de 25,1 ± 3,8, en la escala FES fue de 24,7 ± 10,4 y en la MAN de 11, 7 ± 1,3 puntos. No hubo diferencia al ser comparados hombres de mujeres. Al hacer las correlaciones entre las variables estudiadas, hubo muchas correlaciones significantes, pero débiles. Sólo 4 correlaciones se consideraron moderadas. Correlación positiva entre AIVD y MEEM, entre AIVD y MAN, Correlación inversa entre AIVD y FES y AIVD y ABVD.

Hiperentorno para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la valoración de la capacidad funcional de miembros superiores / Hyperentorno for the teaching-learning of the assessment of the functional capacity of superior members

Fundamento: Las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones pueden ser utilizadas con éxito como medios del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las carreras de las ciencias médicas. Objetivo: Elaborar un hiperentorno para contribuir a la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la valoración de la capacidad funcional de los miembros superiores como contenido de la carrera Rehabilitación en Salud. Metodología: Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico y empírico. La población para la aplicación parcial estuvo formada por cuatro profesores y 22 estudiantes de quinto año del curso 2014-2015 de la carrera Rehabilitación en Salud de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus(AU)

Evaluation of body temperature in individuals with stroke.

BACKGROUND: A stroke can cause alterations in thermal sensitivity. OBJECTIVE: to verify the conditions of body temperature in hemiplegic patients after stroke as compared to healthy individuals, as well as establish relations between thermal sensitivity and gender, age, Body Mass Index (BMI), plegic side, time after stroke, reports of thermal alterations and the motricity of patients with stroke sequelae. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 100 patients (55.6±13 years) with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke sequelae with unilateral hemiparesis and thirty healthy subjects (55±12.9 years). Individuals with nervous peripheral lesions, diabetes, peripheral vascular diseases or tumors were not included in this study. The volunteers underwent axillary temperature evaluations with the use of a cutaneous thermometer and evaluations of cutaneous temperature of hands and feet as measured by infrared thermography captured by an infrared sensor (ThermaCAMTM SC 500-FLIR Systems). The mean temperature (°C) was analyzed with the SigmaStat 3.5 statistical package. RESULTS: The results have shown that healthy individuals have similar temperatures on either side of the body. The hemiplegic subjects presented a lower temperature on the plegic side and compared to the healthy subjects, both feet of the hemiparetic individuals were colder. The results have also shown that age, body mass index, and the time after stroke have no influence on the alterations in temperature. Regarding the paretic side, individuals with hemiplegia on the right side (right foot) had a lower temperature than those affected on the left side. Motricity was not related to any difference in temperature between the limbs and the reports of temperature differences had no relation with the actual differences found in the study. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy individuals have temperature symmetry between between sides of the body, while individuals with stroke sequelae present lower temperature in the paretic side, especially on their feet.

Translation and transcultural adaptation of the Hip Fracture Recovery Score assessment tool.

OBJECTIVE: The Hip Function Recovery Score questionnaire is an instrument that was developed for evaluating the functional recovery of patients over 60 years of age who undergo surgical treatment due to hip fractures. The objective of this study was to make a thorough transcultural translation of this questionnaire, with adaptation to the individual and cultural traits of the Brazilian population. METHOD: This translation method consisted of initial translation, back translation, drafting of a consensual version and pretesting with comments invited. Subsequently, a final version was drawn up after making the necessary adjustments, without altering the semantics of the questions in the original text. RESULTS: The consensual version was applied to thirty patients over the age of 60 years who had undergone surgical treatment due to hip fractures. However, some difficulties in understanding some words and expressions were observed, and these were then replaced with terms that were more easily understood. After the final version had been drawn up, this was applied to the same patients and full understanding was achieved among some of them, without altering the semantics of the questions of the original text. CONCLUSION: The transcultural translation of the Hip Function Recovery Score will have an immediate impact on functional evaluations on patients over 60 years of age who underwent surgery due to hip fracture. It will subsequently be possible for other Brazilian scientific studies to use this questionnaire, which has been standardized and adapted to Brazilian culture, in order to make comparisons between results, thereby enriching Brazilian scientific production.

OBJETIVO: O questionário Hip Function Recovery Score consiste em um instrumento desenvolvido para avaliação da recuperação funcional de pacientes acima de 60 anos submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico devido a fraturas do quadril. O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer a tradução transcultural de forma criteriosa do questionário e adaptá-lo às características individuais e culturais da população brasileira. MÉTODO: Este método consiste em tradução inicial, retrotradução, elaboração de uma versão de consenso e pré-teste comentado com posterior elaboração de uma versão final após as alterações necessárias sem modificar a semântica das perguntas do texto original. RESULTADOS: A versão de consenso foi aplicada em 30 pacientes, acima de 60 anos, que foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico devido a fraturas do quadril. Foram observadas, entretanto, algumas dificuldades no entendimento de algumas palavras e expressões, as quais foram substituídas por termos de mais fácil entendimento. Após a elaboração da versão final, reaplicou-se essa versão aos mesmos pacientes e obteve-se um entendimento total. CONCLUSÃO: A tradução transcultural do questionário terá impacto imediato na avaliação funcional dos pacientes com mais de 60 anos operados devido a fraturas do quadril e, posteriormente, outros trabalhos nacionais podem usar esse questionário padronizado e adaptado à nossa cultura para comparação de resultados e enriquecer a produção científica do Brasil.