ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Through new publications on the subject, the main goal of this article is to seek a change in the pattern of alcohol use before and after bariatric surgery. METHODS: We searched the National Library of Medicine, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. We included original articles regarding alcohol consumption before and after bariatric surgery to conduct the systematic review. RESULTS: Our systematic review, which included 18 articles, yielded mixed results. Meta-analysis of six articles did not reveal statistically significant differences in alcohol use behaviours before and one year after bariatric surgery. However, throughout the perspective of follow-up after bariatric surgery, nine out of the twelve articles showed improvement in the pattern of alcohol consumption when evaluated up to two years after the end of the surgical period, and four out of the five articles with monitoring beyond two years showed worsening in consumption, compared to pre-surgery alcohol use behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: Conclusions about the relationship between alcohol consumption and bariatric surgery are challenging primarily because of the variety of the methods used and the alcohol consumption measures. Despite that, our research pointed to an increased risk of alcohol use disorders two years after bariatric surgery.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism , Bariatric Surgery , Humans , Weight Loss , Bariatric Surgery/adverse effects , Alcohol Drinking , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a standard therapy in bariatric surgery. Sleeve gastrectomy and gastric banding, although with good results in the literature, are showing higher rates of treatment failure to reduce obesity-associated morbidity and body weight. Other problems after bariatric may occur, as band erosion, gastroesophageal reflux disease and might be refractory to medication. Therefore, a laparoscopic conversion to a RYGB can be an effective alternative, as long as specific indications for revision are fulfilled. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyse own and literature data on revisional bariatric procedures to evaluate best alternatives to current practice. Methods: Institutional experience and systematic review from the literature on revisional bariatric surgery. Results: Endoscopic procedures are recently applied to ameliorate failure and complications of bariatric procedures. Therapy failure following RYGB occurs in up to 20%. Transoral outlet reduction is currently an alternative method to reduce the gastrojejunal anastomosis. The diameter and volume of sleeve gastrectomy can enlarge as well, which can be reduced by endoscopic full-thickness sutures longitudinally. Dumping syndrome and severe hypoglycemic episodes (neuroglycopenia) can be present in patients following RYGB. The hypoglycemic episodes have to be evaluated and usually can be treated conventionally. To avoid partial pancreatectomy or conversion to normal anatomy, a new laparoscopic approach with remnant gastric resection and jejunal interposition can be applied in non-responders alternatively. Hypoglycemic episodes are ameliorated while weight loss is sustained. Conclusion: Revisional and endoscopic procedures following bariatric surgery in patients with collateral symptomatic or treatment failure can be applied. Conventional non-surgical approaches should have been applied intensively before a revisional surgery will be indicated. Former complex surgical revisional procedures are evolving to less complicated endoscopic solutions.
RESUMO Racional: Bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux (BGYR) é procedimento padrão em cirurgia bariátrica. Gastrectomia vertical e banda gástrica, embora com bons resultados na literatura, estão mostrando taxas mais elevadas de insucesso no tratamento para reduzir a morbidade associada à obesidade e peso corporal. Outros problemas pós-operatórios podem ocorrer, como a erosão da banda, e doença do refluxo gastroesofágico refratária à medicação. Portanto, conversão laparoscópica para BGYR pode ser alternativa eficaz, desde que indicações específicas para a revisão sejam cumpridas. Objetivo: Analisar os nossos dados e os da literatura sobre procedimentos bariátricos revisionais para avaliar melhores alternativas para a prática atual. Métodos: Foram efetuados experiência institucional e revisão sistemática da literatura sobre cirurgia bariátrica revisional. Resultados: Procedimentos endoscópicos estão sendo aplicados recentemente para melhorar a falha e complicações de procedimentos bariátricos. Falha terapêutica após BGYR ocorre em até 20%. A redução transoral é atualmente um método alternativo para reduzir a anastomose gastrojejunal. A gastrectomia vertical pode apresentar aumento de volume e do diâmetro do pouch , o qual podem ser reduzidos por meio de sutura total endoscópica longitudinal. Síndrome de dumping e episódios de hipoglicemia grave (neuroglicopenia) podem estar presentes nos pacientes com BGYR. Os episódios hipoglicêmicos devem ser avaliados e geralmente podem ser tratados convencionalmente. Para evitar pancreatectomia parcial ou conversão à anatomia normal, uma nova abordagem laparoscópica com ressecção do remanescente gástrico e interposição de jejuno, pode ser aplicada como alternativa em não-respondedores. Episódios de hipoglicemia melhoram, enquanto a perda de peso é mantida. Conclusão: Procedimentos revisionais endoscópicos podem ser aplicados após cirurgia bariátrica em pacientes com sintomas colaterais ou na falha do tratamento. Abordagens convencionais não-cirúrgicas devem ser aplicadas intensivamente antes que uma operação revisional seja indicada. Antigos procedimentos cirúrgicos revisionais complexos estão evoluindo para soluções endoscópicas menos complicadas.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a public health problem, for which the prevalence has increased worldwide at an alarming rate, affecting 1.7 billion people in the world. OBJECTIVE: To describe the technique employed in incomplete penetration of gastric band where endoscopic management and/or primary closure is not feasible. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Laparoscopic removal of gastric band was performed in five patients with incomplete penetrance using Foley catheterization in the perforation site that could lead to the development of a gastro-cutaneous fistula. CLINICAL CASES: The cases presented include a leak that required surgical lavage with satisfactory outcome, and one patient developed stenosis 3 years after surgical management, which was resolved endoscopically. In all cases, the penetration site closed spontaneously. DISCUSSION: Gastric band erosion has been reported in 3.4% of cases. The reason for inserting a catheter is to create a controlled gastro-cutaneous fistula, allowing spontaneous closure. CONCLUSIONS: Various techniques have been described: the totally endoscopic, hybrid techniques (endoscopic/laparoscopic) and completely laparoscopic. A technique is described here that is useful and successful in cases where the above-described treatments are not viable.
Subject(s)
Device Removal/methods , Equipment Failure , Gastroplasty/instrumentation , Gastrostomy/methods , Adult , Anastomotic Leak/etiology , Catheterization , Disease Management , Female , Gastritis/etiology , Gastroplasty/adverse effects , Gastroplasty/methods , Gastroscopy , Humans , Laparoscopy , Male , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Surgical Wound Infection/etiology , Therapeutic IrrigationABSTRACT
La cirugía de la obesidad ha tenido un impresionante desarrollo en los últimos 20 años, debido a la necesidad de tratamiento efectivo y duradero para esta enfermedad crónica epidémica. La introducción de la técnica laparoscópica a las cirugías bariátricas contribuyó en forma importante a disminuir sus complicaciones y mortalidad. Las operaciones más frecuentes en el mundo son el bypass gástrico, la gastrectomía vertical, la banda gástrica ajustable y la derivación biliopancreática, aunque en la actualidad en nuestro país se utilizan solo las dos primeras. Se describen estas cirugías bariátricas, su técnica, complicaciones y resultados. El tratamiento quirúrgico de la obesidad logra bajas de peso y control de las comorbilidades muy superiores a las logradas por el tratamiento médico y terapia farmacológica. Por ello, el tratamiento quirúrgico es la terapia estándar para pacientes con obesidad.
Obesity surgery has had an impressive development in the last 20 years, due to the need for effective and lasting treatment for this epidemic cronic disease. The introduction of laparoscopic technique in bariatric surgical interventions contributed significantly on reducing surgical complications and mortality. The most common operations in the world are gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, gastric banding and biliopancreatic diversion, though only the first two mentioned are used in our country today. These bariatric surgery, their technique, complications and results are described. Surgical treatment of obesity achieves weight loss and comorbidities control far superior to those achieved by medical treatment and pharmacologic therapy. Therefore, surgical treatment is the standard therapy for obese patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Gastrectomy , Gastric Bypass , Obesity/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Bariatric Surgery , Gastroesophageal RefluxABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Avaliar o resultado do tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes obesos mórbidos pelo método da BGA, acompanhados em ambulatório multidisciplinar. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 20 pacientes com IMC que variou de 36,6 a 72 kg/m2 (X=47,51 +/- 6,1) e idade entre 36 a 60 anos, submetidos à colocação de BGA. As comorbidades encontradas no pré-operatório foram hipertensão arterial (nove), diabetes tipo II (quatro), apneia do sono grave (um), hipertrigliceridemia (quatro) e problemas ortopédicos graves (três). No seguimento pós-operatório os pacientes foram atendidos em ambulatório multidisciplinar (cirurgião, endocrinologista, psiquiatra e nutricionista). Nos primeiros seis meses, a orientação foi de visitas mensais para ajustes da banda e orientação nutricional. Após, as visitas ocorreram a cada dois ou três meses, conforme a necessidade. RESULTADOS: O tempo cirúrgico variou de 40 a 180 minutos; o de internação de 1 a 10 dias (X = 36 horas). Duas pacientes necessitaram reintervenção cirúrgica por complicações tardias: uma rotação do portal e um deslizamento superior da banda . O tempo de seguimento variou de 28 a 36 meses. A perda de peso média foi de 29,26 kg +/- 8,8, ou 24,37 por cento +/- 6,1 do peso inicial e 49,16 por cento +/- 11,3 do excesso de peso. O IMC médio variou de 47,51 para 34,88. Houve melhora global das comorbidades, mais acentuada nos pacientes com maior perda de peso. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios para a maioria dos pacientes nos quesitos perda de peso e melhora das comorbidades.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of the surgical treatment of morbidly obese patients by Adjustable Gastric Banding (ABG) followed in a multidisciplinary clinic. METHODS: We studied 20 patients with BMI ranging from 36.6 to 72 kg/m2 (X = 47.51 + / - 6.1) and aged between 36 to 60 years, undergoing placement of AGB. Preoperative comorbidities were hypertension (nine), type II diabetes (four), severe sleep apnea (one), hypertriglyceridemia (four) and severe orthopedic problems (three). In the post-operative period patients were followed at a multidisciplinary clinic (surgeon, endocrinologist, psychiatrist and nutritionist). In the first six months, the orientation was of monthly visits for band adjustments and nutritional counseling. After six months the visits occurred every two or three months, as needed. RESULTS: The operative time ranged from 40 to 180 minutes; hospital stay varied from one to ten days (X = 36 hours). Two patients required surgical reintervention for late complications: a rotation of the portal and a band superior slippage. Follow-up ranged from 28 to 36 months. The average weight loss was 29.26 kg +/- 8.8, or 24.37 percent +/- 6.1 of the original weight and 49.16 percent +/- 11.3 overweight. The average BMI ranged from 47.51 to 34.88. There was global improvement of comorbidities, markedly in the patients with greater weight loss. CONCLUSION: The results were satisfactory for most patients on the variables weight loss and improvement of comorbidities.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Gastroplasty , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Patient Care TeamABSTRACT
Various options for surgical treatment of morbid obesity have been developed with varying results: vertical banded gastroplasty with intestinal by-pass, disabsorptive surgeries and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Although all of them have been effective in weight loss, lower rates of early and late postoperative complications have been described in some procedures. Laparoscopic adjustable silicone gastric banding (LASGB) has a similar principle as vertical banded gastroplasty and it is a minimally invasive procedure, with low systemic and operative problems, but not free of them. We report two rare cases of this complications of LASGB.
ABSTRACT
In these paper we are presenting a technical alternative to laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. From January 1999 to April 2000, 60 patients with mean body mass index (BMI) of 40,7 kg/m2 underwent laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. The new technique is performed in two steps. In the first step, an isolation instrument (laparoscopic finger) is inserted through the lesser sac, next to the junction of diaphragmatic crura, including the lesser omentum in order to pull the band catheter. The second step separates the lesser omentum from the right side of the stomach.There was no mortality and the morbidity was 11,6 percent (1 slippage of the band and 6 trocar port seroma). The new technique was performed in all patients with no conversion to open procedure. We didn't have respiratory complications. This technical alternative is safe and easily performed, helping to prevent transoperative perforations.