Coercion Authorship: Ubiquitous and Preventable.

Coercion authorship (CA), typically enforced by principal investigators, has detrimental effects on graduate students, young researchers, and the entire scientific endeavor. Although CA is ubiquitous, its occurrence and major determinants have been mainly explored among graduate students and junior scientists in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark where the ratio of CA ranged from 13 to 40%. In addition to lacking comparable figures, developing countries usually lack institutional plans for promoting integrity and effective deterrents against CA and other malpractices. Hence, universities and research centers therein must publish their authorship policies and implement specific strategies to instruct graduate students, junior scientists, and experienced researchers on integrity, publishing ethics, and responsible authorship. Finally, I remark that the primary responsibility of principal researchers to promote fair authorship practices and discourage unfair ones is even greater when it comes to CA due to the asymmetrical power relationship between senior authors and novice scientists.

Promoting crucial team building, collaboration, and communication skills in graduate students through interactive retreats.

Biomedical graduate students receive intensive training in their scientific area of interest yet need additional skills for successful scientific careers. Our aim was to promote team building, improve collaborations and enhance communication skills. An off-site yearly retreat was organized for the graduate students in our NIH-funded Research Initiative for Scientific Enhancement (RISE) graduate training program. Retreat themes were addressed through short presentations, case studies, live podcasts, webinars, focus groups, role-play, and breakout sessions with various team building exercises to practice communication skills and identify abilities, knowledge, values, and behaviors. Trainees gave short presentations and served as discussion leaders on topics related to the central theme. Expert guest speakers participated in discussion sessions with the trainees. Trainees evaluated the retreats at the end. A total of 48 trainees, 12 RISE Program faculty and staff, and 26 external speakers from industry, academia, media/journalism, the arts, psychology, and holistic medical fields participated over 9 years. The overall average benefit of the in-person retreats was rated 4.80 on a Likert scale of 1-5 by trainees. Trainees particularly enjoyed the informal interactions with program faculty, staff, and fellow trainees. They appreciated the opportunity to learn soft skills, such as interpersonal communication, conflict resolution, and leadership. Two additional retreats conducted virtually because of the COVID-19 pandemic were perceived as less beneficial. We conclude that off-site interactive retreats are a valuable tool for enhancing soft skills and a sense of team identity in a biomedical sciences graduate program, while covering important issues related to scientific careers.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Off-site interactive science-related retreats are a valuable tool for enhancing soft skills and sense of team identity in a biomedical sciences graduate program, while covering important issues related to pursuing a career in science. There are many perceived benefits, so we encourage other training programs to include a similar type of regular activity in students' training with the goal of improving trainee well-being and supporting their academic and research productivity.

Acceptability and Feasibility of Online Support Groups for Mental Health Promotion in Brazilian Graduate Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 aggravated already existing difficulties and added new challenges for students. Owing to the gap between needed and available psychological services, group interventions may offer a helpful strategy for student mental health promotion. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the acceptability and feasibility of a 4-week online support group program designed for mental health promotion tailored to graduate students at a Brazilian public university in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2022 to June 2022). METHODS: Participants in the program took part in online support groups based on a pilot group facilitated by a trained clinical psychologist. Self-administered, standardized web-based questionnaires were assessed at the baseline (T0; before the intervention), postintervention (T2), and follow-up (T3; after 4-6 weeks) time points. We measured sociodemographic variables, treatment credibility and expectancy (Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire), satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire), negative effects of the intervention (Negative Effects Questionnaire), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]), and participants' quality of life (abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment). A 9-answer option questionnaire and open-ended questions also assessed the group's perceived positive and negative outcomes. RESULTS: The total sample comprised 32 participants. Most (23/32, 72%) were doctoral students. Credibility and expectancy scores were high. Participants' satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire) with the program was high at the postintervention (T2) and follow-up (T3) evaluations (T2: mean 28.66, SD 3.02; T3: mean 27.91, SD 3.02). Most participants reported that they could learn from other participants' experiences (T2: 29/32, 91%; T3: 27/32, 84%) and felt encouraged to take better care of themselves (T2: 22/32, 69%; T3: 24/32, 75%). None of the participants reported that they had no benefits from the program. The PHQ-9 scores showed mild to moderate depressive symptoms (mean 9.59, SD 6.34), whereas the answers of 9% (3/32) of the participants to the PHQ-9 item 9 indicated suicidality at baseline (T0). Finally, the 4 domains of quality of life (physical: P=.01; psychological: P=.004; social: P=.02; and environmental: P<.001) showed a slight and statistically significant improvement at the postintervention evaluation (T0: mean 57.03, SD 15.39 to 59.64, SD 17.21; T2: mean 64.32, SD 11.97 to 68.75, SD 8.87). CONCLUSIONS: Online support groups for the mental health promotion of graduate students are feasible and can be especially useful for universities with students allocated to different cities. They are also satisfactory and may positively influence participants' quality of life. Therefore, they can be considered a helpful mental health promotion strategy in the educational context. Further studies could evaluate these (or similar) programs under nonpandemic circumstances.

Gestão do tempo: percepções de gerenciamento com estudantes de Pós-Graduação / Time management: management perceptions with graduate students / Gestión del tiempo: percepciones de gestión con estudiantes de posgrado

O objetivo desse estudo foi compreender como alunos de Mestrado e Doutorado em Psicologia percebem sua gestão do tempo. Realizou-se uma oficina com seis doutorandos e outra com 12 mestrandos, com idades entre 24 e 55 anos (M = 38,83 DP = 9,59). Os voluntários foram informados dos objetivos e as falas analisadas por meio do software IRAMUTEQ. Os resultados apontaram que os estudantes procuram gerenciar o tempo para serem eficientes no cumprimento das atividades e empenham-se para distinguir o que é inadiável e o que pode ser postergado. O estudo contribuiu para o conhecimento sobre a reflexão crítica do gerenciamento do tempo. Estudos prospectivos podem contar com estudantes de programas de Pós-Graduação de diferentes localidades, além de diferenciar percepções segundo o gênero.

The objective of this study was to understand how Master and PhD students in Psychology perceive their time management. Were held two workshops with six doctoral students and another with 12 master's students, aged between 24 and 55 years (M = 38.83 and SD = 9.59). The volunteers were informed of the objectives and the statements were analyzed using the IRAMUTEQ software. The results showed that students try to manage time to be efficient in carrying out activities and strive to distinguish what is urgent and what can be postponed. The study contributed to the critical reflection of time management. Prospective studies could rely on students from graduate programs in different locations, in addition to differentiating perceptions according to gender.

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender cómo los estudiantes de Maestría y Doctorado en Psicología perciben su gestión del tiempo. Se realizaron dos talleres con seis estudiantes de doctorado y otro con 12 estudiantes de maestría, con edades entre 24 y 55 años (M = 38,83 y DT = 9,59). Se informó a los voluntarios de los objetivos y se analizaron las declaraciones utilizando el software IRAMUTEQ. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes intentan gestionar el tiempo para ser eficientes en la realización de las actividades y se esfuerzan por distinguir qué es urgente y qué se puede postergar. El estudio contribuyó a la reflexión crítica sobre la gestión del tiempo. Los estudios prospectivos podrían apoyarse en estudiantes de programas de posgrado en diferentes ubicaciones, además de diferenciar las percepciones según el género.

Perceived academic-related sources of stress among graduate nursing students in a Jamaican University.

BACKGROUND: Graduate education is essential for the improvement of professions by facilitating advancements in career paths, personal growth and enhancing a country's economy. Graduate students frequently view graduate education as moderate to very stressful and this can have a negative impact on their lives. Stress can result in impaired coping, poor academic performance and reduction in cognitive functioning, resulting in the antithesis of academic success. OBJECTIVE: A qualitative study was done to gain insight into the perception and sources of academic- related stress among graduate nursing students at an urban school of nursing in Jamaica. DESIGN: A purposive sample of Master of Science in Nursing students in their penultimate semester for the academic year 2017/ 2018 were invited to participate in the study. METHODS: Nine students participated and each was assigned a selected pseudonym. Data were collected using one- to-one semi-structured interviews and interviews were transcribed verbatim. Thematic content analysis was used to determine emerging themes and coding was done manually. RESULTS: The themes that emerged were: (1) Workload (2) Research (3) Prioritization (4) Lack of support (5) Lack of feedback (6) Balancing school life (7) Very stressful (8) Expectations of lecturers. Participants perceived that graduate education was very stressful to overwhelming. Academic-related stress was multi-factorial and predominantly due to the rigid curriculum structure. Contributing factors included increased workload; time constraints; the research course itself; lack of support and timely response from research supervisors and delayed responses from the Ethics Committee. CONCLUSION: It is very important for educators and curriculum developers to implement innovative strategies that are essential in providing an environment that will facilitate learning and to mitigate stress faced by graduate students.

Work-Related Mental Health Issues in Graduate Student Population.

The scientific and educational community is becoming increasingly aware of the impact of current academic working conditions on graduate students' mental health and how this is affecting scientific progress and ultimately society as a whole. Our study aimed to shed light on the work-related mental health issues affecting graduate students, providing a comprehensive research work including psychological and biological assessment. Our findings showed that a sizeable number of graduate student present anxiety, depression, or high burnout and that the time spent in academia plays an important role. The graduate student population displayed a specific work-related mental health issues profile with an altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and low levels of work engagement. Finally, graduate students were equally stressed, with less work engagement, and more anxious and depressed than general workers.

Research on the application of music-based psychological adjustment in improving postgraduates' mental health / Pesquisa sobre a aplicação do ajuste psicológico baseado na música na melhoria da saúde mental de pós-graduados / Investigación sobre la aplicación del ajuste psicológico musical en la mejora de la salud mental de los graduados

ABSTRACT At present, the mental health problem of postgraduates is still in the highest position, which directly affects the level of intellectual performance in social work. While mastering professional knowledge, it also requires postgraduates to have higher ideological and psychological qualities. On the basis of domestic and foreign research, this study takes the concept and advantages of music-based psychological adjustment as a theoretical basis and, through a large number of questionnaires, combined with the psychological characteristics of science and engineering postgraduates, we use the comparative method, the statistical analysis method and the experimental method to study the influence of music-based psychological adjustment on the mental health level of science and engineering postgraduates. It further illustrates that music promotes communication between man and nature. Music promotes communication between people and society. Music promotes communication between people and their inner world. Music can also build people's faith and find the home of the soul. It emphasizes the influence of music on postgraduates' emotions. The purpose of this is to build a reasonable and perfect music therapy system, so as to further enrich and strengthen the connotation and effect of mental health education in colleges and universities.

RESUMO Atualmente, o problema de saúde mental dos pós-graduados continua em sua posição mais elevada, o que afeta directamente o nível de exercício intelectual no trabalho social. Além de dominar o conhecimento profissional, também é necessário que os pós-graduados tenham qualidades ideológicas e psicológicas mais elevadas. Com base em pesquisas internas e externas, este estudo toma o conceito e as vantagens do ajuste psicológico baseado na música como base teórica e, através de diversos questionários, combinados com as características psicológicas dos pós-graduados da área de ciência e engenharia, usamos o método comparativo, o método de análise estatística e o método experimental para estudar a influência do ajuste psicológico com base na música no nível de saúde mental dos pós-graduados em ciências e engenharia. Também ilustramos que a música promove a comunicação entre o homem e a natureza. A música promove a comunicação entre as pessoas e a sociedade. A música promove a comunicação entre as pessoas e seu mundo interior. A música também pode construir a fé das pessoas e encontrar a casa da alma. Este estudo enfatiza a influência da música nas emoções dos pós-graduados. O presente estudo visa construir um sistema de terapia musical razoável e perfeito, de modo a enriquecer e fortalecer ainda mais a conotação e o efeito do sistema educacional em saúde mental em faculdades e universidades.

RESUMEN En la actualidad, el problema de salud mental de los posgraduados se encuentra todavía en la posición más alta, esto incide directamente en el nivel de desempeño intelectual en el trabajo social. Además de dominar el conocimiento profesional, también es necesario que los posgraduados tengan cualidades ideológicas y psicológicas superiores. Sobre la base de investigaciones nacionales y extranjeras, este estudio toma como base teórica el concepto y las ventajas del ajuste psicológico basado en la música. Por medio de un gran número de cuestionarios, combinados con las características psicológicas de los posgraduados en ciencias e ingeniería, utilizamos el método comparativo, el método de análisis estadístico y el método experimental para estudiar la influencia del ajuste psicológico basado en la música en la salud mental de los graduados en ciencias e ingeniería. Además, muestra que la música estimula la comunicación entre el hombre y la naturaleza, así como entre las personas y la sociedad y entre las personas y su mundo interior. La música también puede fortalecer la fe de las personas y encontrar el hogar del alma. Cabe destacar la influencia de la música en las emociones de los posgraduados. El propósito de esto es construir un sistema de musicoterapia razonable y perfecto, a fin de enriquecer y fortalecer aún más la connotación y el efecto de la educación en salud mental en colegios y universidades.

Religiosity and Spirituality of Resident Physicians and Implications for Clinical Practice-the SBRAMER Multicenter Study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the attitudes, knowledge, and experiences of Brazilian resident physicians regarding religiosity/spirituality (R/S), factors associated with addressing this issue, and its influence on clinical practice. METHODS: We report results of the multicenter "Spirituality in Brazilian Medical Residents" (SBRAMER) study involving 7 Brazilian university centers. The Network for Research Spirituality and Health (NERSH) scale (collecting sociodemographic data, opinions about the R/S-health interface, and respondents' R/S characteristics) and the Duke Religion Index were self-administered. Logistic regression models were constructed to determine those factors associated with residents' opinions on spirituality in clinical practice. RESULTS: The sample comprised 879 resident physicians (53.5% of total) from all years of residency with 71.6% from clinical specialties. In general, the residents considered themselves spiritual and religious, despite not regularly attending religious services. Most participants believed R/S had an important influence on patient health (75.2%) and that it was appropriate to discuss these beliefs in clinical encounters with patients (77.1%), although this was not done in routine clinical practice (14.4%). The main barriers to discussing R/S were maintaining professional neutrality (31.4%), concern about offending patients (29.1%), and insufficient time (26.2%). Factors including female gender, clinical specialty (e.g., internal medicine, family medicine, psychiatry) as opposed to surgical specialty (e.g., surgery, obstetrics/gynecology, orthopedics), having had formal training on R/S, and higher levels of R/S were associated with greater discussion of and more positive opinions about R/S. CONCLUSION: Brazilian resident physicians held that religious and spiritual beliefs can influence health, and deemed it appropriate for physicians to discuss this issue. However, lack of training was one of the main obstacles to addressing R/S issues in clinical practice. Educators should draw on these data to conduct interventions and produce content on the subject in residency programs.

Entrevista Motivacional para Estudantes da Área da Saúde: Resultados de um Treinamento / Motivational Interviewing for Health Sciences Students: The Results of Training

Resumo Este estudo procurou avaliar a efetividade de um treinamento em Entrevista Motivacional (EM) para estudantes do último ano de diferentes cursos na área da saúde. Usando um delineamento pré e pós-teste quase-experimental, 60 estudantes receberam um treinamento de oito horas de habilidades básicas da Entrevista Motivacional. As habilidades foram avaliadas por meio de uma vinheta clínica, das Réguas de Confiança e Importância e do Questionário de Resposta Útil, codificado utilizando o Motivational Interviewing Skill Code. O treinamento foi associado com melhora no uso das habilidades básicas da Entrevista Motivacional. Os alunos também aumentaram a percepção da importância em utilizar essas habilidades com os pacientes, mesmo com um treinamento breve.

Abstract This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing (MI) training on undergraduate students in the senior year of different healthcare courses. Using a pre and post-test quasi-experimental design, 60 undergraduate students received an eight-hour Motivational Interviewing basic skills training. Basic skills were assessed using a clinical vignette, the Confidence and Importance Ruler and The Helpful Responses Questionnaire, which was coded using the Motivational Interviewing Skill Code. The training was associated with improvements in motivational interviewing basic skills. Students also showed increased awareness of the importance of using these skills with patients, even after a brief training.

Qualidade de vida de estudantes de mestrado e doutorado em enfermagem / Quality of life of masters and doctoral nursing students

Este estudo objetivou analisar a qualidade de vida eseus preditores entre estudantes de mestrado e doutorado em enfermagem. Pesquisa transversal com 129 pós-graduandos de três universidades públicas da Região Sul do Brasil. Para coleta utilizou-se um questionário para caracterização e o WHOQOL­Bref. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e múltipla. Qualidade de vida física obteve o maior valor mediano e as relações sociais, o menor. Sedentarismo, insatisfação com o tema de pesquisa, dificuldade de conciliar estudos e vida pessoal, tabagismo, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, preocupação com o prazo para conclusão do curso e relacionamento insatisfatório com os docentes estiveram associados significativamente às menores percepções de qualidade de vida. Houve indícios que a formação strictosensuimpactou negativamente a qualidade de vida dos pesquisados, visto que a maioria dos fatores associados que a influenciaram desfavoravelmente foram variáveis relacionadas ao contexto acadêmico.

This study aimed at analyzing the quality of life and its predictors among mastersand doctoral nursing students. A cross-sectional studywith 129 graduate students of three public universities of the South Region of Brazil. For data collection, a questionnaire was usedfor characterization and the WHOQOL-Bref. The data wasanalyzed using descriptive and multiple statistics. The physical quality of life had the highest median value, andthe social relationships had the lowest. Sedentarism, dissatisfaction with the research theme, difficulty to conciliate studies and social life, smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, concern with the deadline to finish the program and, dissatisfactory relationship with professors were significantly associatedwith lower quality of life perceptions. There were indications that the strictosensutraininghad a negative impact onthe quality of life of interviewed students, considering most associated factors negatively that influenced it werevariables related to the academic context.

Adaptação à pós-graduação stricto sensu: uma revisão sistemática de literatura / Adjustment to graduation: a systematic review of literature / Adaptación al postgrado: una revisión sistemática de literatura

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar exploratoriamente os fatores pessoais, relacionais e institucionais que são descritos na literatura como influências no processo de adaptação de estudantes de pós-graduação stricto sensu aos seus cursos. Realizou-se uma busca sistemática de estudos nacionais e internacionais sobre adaptação à pós-graduação publicados nos últimos 10 anos, por meio da combinação de diversos descritores. Optou-se por pesquisar artigos revisados por pares em periódicos científicos indexados no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. Foram encontradas 177 publicações internacionais. Após a submissão dos artigos aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram 15 estudos, os quais constituíram a amostra final desta pesquisa. Constatou-se que a integração com a vida de pós-graduando depende, principalmente, do estabelecimento de uma relação gratificante entre orientador e orientando, ambientação com as normas e demandas do programa de pós-graduação e segurança financeira. Contudo, a temática carece de uma investigação mais aprofundada, principalmente em relação ao cenário da pós-graduação brasileira...

The aim of this research is to investigate in an exploratory way personal, relational and institutional factors that are described in literature as influences in the graduate students' adjustment to their courses. A systematic search of national and international studies about adjustment to graduate degree from the last 10 years through a combination of several descriptors was realized. We have chosen to search peer-reviewed articles in scientific indexed journals at Portal de Periódicos of CAPES. 177 international publications were found. After the submission of the articles to the inclusion criterions, remaining 15 studies, which constituted the final sample of this research. It was concluded that graduate life's integration depends mainly on establishing a rewarding relationship between advisor and advisee, setting the rules and demands of graduate and financial security. However, the issue needs further investigation, especially in the scenario for Brazilian graduate students...

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los factores personales, relacionales e institucionales que son descriptos en la literatura como influyentes en el proceso de adaptación de estudiantes de postgrado stricto sensu a sus carreras. Por medio de la combinación de diversos descriptores se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de estudios nacionales e internacionales, publicados en los últimos 10 años. Se investigaron artículos en periódicos científicos indizados al Portal de Periódicos de CAPES. Fueron encontradas 177 publicaciones internacionales. Una vez los artículos sometidos a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, restaron 15 estudios, constituyendo la muestra final de esta investigación. Se constató que la integración de los estudiantes a la vida de postgrado depende principalmente de la construcción de una buena relación entre tutor/alumno, ambientación con las normas y demandas del programa de postgrado, así como también seguridad económica. Sin embargo, hace falta una investigación más profunda sobre el tema, principalmente refiriéndose al postgrado brasileño...

Adaptação à pós-graduação stricto sensu: uma revisão sistemática de literatura / Adjustment to graduation: a systematic review of literature / Adaptación al postgrado: una revisión sistemática de literatura

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar exploratoriamente os fatores pessoais, relacionais e institucionais que são descritos na literatura como influências no processo de adaptação de estudantes de pós-graduação stricto sensu aos seus cursos. Realizou-se uma busca sistemática de estudos nacionais e internacionais sobre adaptação à pós-graduação publicados nos últimos 10 anos, por meio da combinação de diversos descritores. Optou-se por pesquisar artigos revisados por pares em periódicos científicos indexados no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. Foram encontradas 177 publicações internacionais. Após a submissão dos artigos aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram 15 estudos, os quais constituíram a amostra final desta pesquisa. Constatou-se que a integração com a vida de pós-graduando depende, principalmente, do estabelecimento de uma relação gratificante entre orientador e orientando, ambientação com as normas e demandas do programa de pós-graduação e segurança financeira. Contudo, a temática carece de uma investigação mais aprofundada, principalmente em relação ao cenário da pós-graduação brasileira.(AU)

The aim of this research is to investigate in an exploratory way personal, relational and institutional factors that are described in literature as influences in the graduate students' adjustment to their courses. A systematic search of national and international studies about adjustment to graduate degree from the last 10 years through a combination of several descriptors was realized. We have chosen to search peer-reviewed articles in scientific indexed journals at Portal de Periódicos of CAPES. 177 international publications were found. After the submission of the articles to the inclusion criterions, remaining 15 studies, which constituted the final sample of this research. It was concluded that graduate life's integration depends mainly on establishing a rewarding relationship between advisor and advisee, setting the rules and demands of graduate and financial security. However, the issue needs further investigation, especially in the scenario for Brazilian graduate students.(AU)

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los factores personales, relacionales e institucionales que son descriptos en la literatura como influyentes en el proceso de adaptación de estudiantes de postgrado stricto sensu a sus carreras. Por medio de la combinación de diversos descriptores se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de estudios nacionales e internacionales, publicados en los últimos 10 años. Se investigaron artículos en periódicos científicos indizados al Portal de Periódicos de CAPES. Fueron encontradas 177 publicaciones internacionales. Una vez los artículos sometidos a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, restaron 15 estudios, constituyendo la muestra final de esta investigación. Se constató que la integración de los estudiantes a la vida de postgrado depende principalmente de la construcción de una buena relación entre tutor/alumno, ambientación con las normas y demandas del programa de postgrado, así como también seguridad económica. Sin embargo, hace falta una investigación más profunda sobre el tema, principalmente refiriéndose al postgrado brasileño.(AU)

Conhecimento de estudantes de graduação em ciências da saúde em testes objetivos sobre suporte básico de vida / Knowledge of health sciences undergraduate students in objective tests on basic life support

Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) is a serious public health problem and represents one of the leading causes of death in the world. In emergency situations the assessment of the victim and care must be effective, to reduce negative outcomes and to increase the survival rate OBJECTIVE: To analyze graduation students in the Health Sciences through objective testing on Basic Life Support (BLS METHODS: This is a descriptive, observational and cross sectional study, performed in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The study population consisted of 664 graduation students in Medicine, Nursing, Physiotherapy, Pharmacy, Nutrition and Occupational Therapy. Data collection occurred through an instrument in the form of objective tests based on the guidelines for Basic Life Support from the American Heart Association. For analysis the Shapiro-Wilk, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. The adopted confidence level was 95%. The statistical program used was Stata 11.0 RESULT: There was found to be a prevalence of students who were female (82.23%), single (77.56%), on the physiotherapy course (53.16%), in the freshmen year (32.2%) with previous training (54.45%) and with a median age of 22 years old. When the association between the scores was analyzed according to sex, marital status, previous training, course and year of study, the relation between the number of correct answers and previous training, course and year of study showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001 CONCLUSION: 99.9% of subjects had lower score than the minimum score of 84% of Americam Heart Association, which characterizes insufficient knowledge about the basic support of life theme. Thus, there is need for continued training of health sciences students on the subject, at the undergraduate level...

A Parada Cardíaca Súbita (PCR) é um grave problema de saúde pública e constitui-se em uma das principais causas de morte no mundo. Em situações de emergência a avaliação da vítima e seu atendimento devem ser eficazes, permitindo a redução de sequelas e o aumento da sobrevida. : Analisar o conhecimento de estudantes de graduação em ciências da saúde em testes objetivos sobre suporte básico de vida (SBV MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal, realizado no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A população do estudo foi constituída por alunos de graduação dos cursos de Medicina, Enfermagem, Fisioterapia, Farmácia, Nutrição e Terapia Ocupacional. A coleta de dados se deu através de um instrumento na forma de questionário de testes objetivos baseado nos Guidelines de atendimento para Suporte Básico de Vida da American Heart Association. Para análise utilizaram-se os testes de Shapiro-Wilk, de Qui-quadrado, Mann- Whitney e o Kruskal-Wallis. O nível de confiança adotado foi de 95%. O programa estatístico utilizado foi o Stata 11.0 RESULTADO: Houve prevalência do sexo feminino (82,23%), com estado civil solteiro (77,56%), do curso de fisioterapia (53,16%), do 1º ano (32,2%) e com treinamento prévio dos indivíduos (54,45%) e mediana de idade de 22 anos. Quando da associação entre o número de acertos segundo sexo, estado civil, treinamento prévio, curso e ano de formação, evidenciou-se a relação de número de acertos e as variáveis treinamento prévio, curso e ano de formação apresentando diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p < 0,001 CONCLUSÃO: 99,9% dos indivíduos obtiveram nota menor que o escore mínimo de 84% da Americam Heart Association, o que caracteriza conhecimento insuficiente sobre a temática suporte básico de vida. Assim, há necessidade de treinamento continuado dos estudantes de Ciências da Saúde sobre o tema, em nível de graduação...

Knowledge of health sciences undergraduate students in objective tests on basic life support / Conhecimento de estudantes de graduação em ciências da saúde em testes objetivos sobre suporte básico de vida

INTRODUCTION: Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) is a serious public health problem and represents one of the leading causes of death in the world. In emergency situations the assessment of the victim and care must be effective, to reduce negative outcomes and to increase the survival rate OBJECTIVE: To analyze graduation students in the Health Sciences through objective testing on Basic Life Support (BLS METHODS: This is a descriptive, observational and cross sectional study, performed in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The study population consisted of 664 graduation students in Medicine, Nursing, Physiotherapy, Pharmacy, Nutrition and Occupational Therapy. Data collection occurred through an instrument in the form of objective tests based on the guidelines for Basic Life Support from the American Heart Association. For analysis the Shapiro-Wilk, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. The adopted confidence level was 95%. The statistical program used was Stata 11.0 RESULT: There was found to be a prevalence of students who were female (82.23%), single (77.56%), on the physiotherapy course (53.16%), in the freshmen year (32.2%) with previous training (54.45%) and with a median age of 22 years old. When the association between the scores was analyzed according to sex, marital status, previous training, course and year of study, the relation between the number of correct answers and previous training, course and year of study showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001 CONCLUSION: 99.9% of subjects had lower score than the minimum score of 84% of Americam Heart Association, which characterizes insufficient knowledge about the basic support of life theme. Thus, there is need for continued training of health sciences students on the subject, at the undergraduate level.(AU)

INTRODUÇÃO: A Parada Cardíaca Súbita (PCR) é um grave problema de saúde pública e constitui-se em uma das principais causas de morte no mundo. Em situações de emergência a avaliação da vítima e seu atendimento devem ser eficazes, permitindo a redução de sequelas e o aumento da sobrevida. : Analisar o conhecimento de estudantes de graduação em ciências da saúde em testes objetivos sobre suporte básico de vida (SBV MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal, realizado no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A população do estudo foi constituída por alunos de graduação dos cursos de Medicina, Enfermagem, Fisioterapia, Farmácia, Nutrição e Terapia Ocupacional. A coleta de dados se deu através de um instrumento na forma de questionário de testes objetivos baseado nos Guidelines de atendimento para Suporte Básico de Vida da American Heart Association. Para análise utilizaram-se os testes de Shapiro-Wilk, de Qui-quadrado, Mann- Whitney e o Kruskal-Wallis. O nível de confiança adotado foi de 95%. O programa estatístico utilizado foi o Stata 11.0 RESULTADO: Houve prevalência do sexo feminino (82,23%), com estado civil solteiro (77,56%), do curso de fisioterapia (53,16%), do 1º ano (32,2%) e com treinamento prévio dos indivíduos (54,45%) e mediana de idade de 22 anos. Quando da associação entre o número de acertos segundo sexo, estado civil, treinamento prévio, curso e ano de formação, evidenciou-se a relação de número de acertos e as variáveis treinamento prévio, curso e ano de formação apresentando diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p < 0,001 CONCLUSÃO: 99,9% dos indivíduos obtiveram nota menor que o escore mínimo de 84% da Americam Heart Association, o que caracteriza conhecimento insuficiente sobre a temática suporte básico de vida. Assim, há necessidade de treinamento continuado dos estudantes de Ciências da Saúde sobre o tema, em nível de graduação.(AU)

Estresse e estressores na pós-graduação: estudo com mestrandos e doutorandos no Brasil / Stress and stressors in graduate programs: a study with graduate students in Brazil

Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar, segundo mestrandos e doutorandos no Brasil, os principais estressores que ocorrem na pós-graduação, como também buscou determinar o índice de estresse e as variáveis a ele associadas. Participaram 2.157 pós-graduandos, oriundos das cinco regiões do país. Além de coletar dados acerca do perfil sociodemográfico, formação e atuação profissional, aplicaram-se a Escala de Estresse Percebido e uma lista contendo 28 possíveis estressores na pós-graduação. Os resultados revelaram que a média do estresse da amostra total ficou acima do ponto médio da escala. As mulheres da região Norte, estudantes que nunca trabalharam na área de formação, os que não trabalhavam simultaneamente à realização do curso de pós-graduação e os que não pretendiam prosseguir na carreira acadêmica exibiram maior estresse.

This research aimed to identify the main stressors in graduate programs, according to Masters and PhD students in Brazil, and to determine the stress index and variables associated with it. The participants were 2,157 graduate students from all five geographic regions of Brazil. Data regarding sociodemographic profile and professional training were collected. The Perceived Stress Scale and a list of 28 possible stressors in graduate programs were administered. The results revealed that the average stress of the sample was above of scale midpoint range. Women from the North region in Brazil, students who have never worked in their graduation area, who did not work during their graduate program and those who didn't wish to pursue careers in academic showed greater stress.

Estresse e estressores na pós-graduação: estudo com mestrandos e doutorandos no Brasil / Stress and stressors in graduate programs: a study with graduate students in Brazil

Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar, segundo mestrandos e doutorandos no Brasil, os principais estressores que ocorrem na pós-graduação, como também buscou determinar o índice de estresse e as variáveis a ele associadas. Participaram 2.157 pós-graduandos, oriundos das cinco regiões do país. Além de coletar dados acerca do perfil sociodemográfico, formação e atuação profissional, aplicaram-se a Escala de Estresse Percebido e uma lista contendo 28 possíveis estressores na pós-graduação. Os resultados revelaram que a média do estresse da amostra total ficou acima do ponto médio da escala. As mulheres da região Norte, estudantes que nunca trabalharam na área de formação, os que não trabalhavam simultaneamente à realização do curso de pós-graduação e os que não pretendiam prosseguir na carreira acadêmica exibiram maior estresse.(AU)

This research aimed to identify the main stressors in graduate programs, according to Masters and PhD students in Brazil, and to determine the stress index and variables associated with it. The participants were 2,157 graduate students from all five geographic regions of Brazil. Data regarding sociodemographic profile and professional training were collected. The Perceived Stress Scale and a list of 28 possible stressors in graduate programs were administered. The results revealed that the average stress of the sample was above of scale midpoint range. Women from the North region in Brazil, students who have never worked in their graduation area, who did not work during their graduate program and those who didn't wish to pursue careers in academic showed greater stress.(AU)

Shaping the research experiences of graduate students using action research.

BACKGROUND: Nursing research capacity is often not optimal in developing countries. Capacity building at the graduate nurse level presents an opportunity for improved research output. Students pursuing a research methods course at a nursing school in Jamaica expressed fear and anxiety towards the course. Action research was used to address this fear and improve learning outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine attitudes towards research and to improve the experience of graduate students pursuing a research methods course at a nursing school in Jamaica. METHODS: Students (n=44) registered in the Research Methods course of the MScN at a nursing school in Kingston, Jamaica for the academic year 2010/2011, were invited to participate. Each student was assigned a main supervisor and an alternate supervisor and all had equal access to the course leader and content. On completion of the course three focus group discussions of 10-14 students per group were conducted to determine how students felt about the course experience and their attitude towards the course. RESULTS: Thirty-seven students (mean age of 41.4 ± 1.5 years; 94% female) participated in the exploratory course evaluation exercise. The participants reported that they entered research methods with feelings of apprehension and anxiety. However, these fears were allayed by a combination of factors including interest in students' welfare, affirmation of students, respect for and understanding of students' needs and resourcefulness, and the use of a panel of experts. Barriers included faculty's unrealistic expectations of students' research competencies and the limited time in which to learn and apply concepts. While students thought the course as challenging they felt more confident that they could be successful on completion of the course. CONCLUSION: Significant improvement in attitudes to research was realized among graduate nursing students using action research at an urban school of nursing in Jamaica.

A cross-cultural study on the usage of cooperative learning techniques in graduate level education in five different countries / Estudio transcultural sobre el uso de técnicas de aprendizaje cooperativo en estudiantes graduados en cinco países diferentes

The purpose of this study was to examine graduate students' experiences of cooperative learning in higher education in five ethnically, culturally and geographically different countries. This research was an attempt to understand how a culturally distinct instruction and academic environments influence their learning processes and implications for better instructional designs. Graduate students from Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Korea, Turkey, United States, Colombia, Denmark, Lithuania and Syria are surveyed and analysis of variance and factor analysis techniques are used in statistical analysis. Results revealed that culture did not have effect on learning preferences. Graduate students made conscious choices whether to be involved or not in cooperative learning in their educational environment.

El propósito de esta investigación fue examinar las experiencias del aprendizaje cooperativo en estudiantes graduados de nivel universitario en cinco países cultural, etnográfica y geográficamente diferentes. Este estudio fue realizado con el propósito de entender cómo influye la educación culturamente distinta y los ambientes académicos en el proceso de aprendizaje y sus implicaciones en el desarrollo de mejores sistemas educativos. Se encuestaron estudiantes universitarios originarios de Arabia Saudita, Brasil, Corea,Turquía, Estados Unidos. A sus respuestas se les aplicó un análisis de varianza y técnicas de análisis factorial. Los resultados mostraron que la cultura no tuvo efecto alguno en las preferencias de aprendizaje. Los estudiantes universitarios realizaron una elección consciente con respecto a su participación o no en el aprendizaje cooperativo en sus ambientes educativos.

Tornar-se pesquisador: a escolha profissional como um processo / Para hacer un investigador: la opción profesional como de proceso / Becoming a researcher: the professional choice as a process

Este trabalho apresenta dados de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com pós-graduandos de um curso de excelência, na área biomédica. Como referencial teórico foram usadas, prioritariamente, as produções de Pierre Bourdieu. Nossos achados apontaram para a necessidade de enfocar a escolha profissional em ciências biomédicas como um processo, tendo em vista: (1) os inúmeros fatores que atravessam os percursos acadêmicos e (2) o impacto produzido pelas intensas transformações observadas no campo científico.

Data collected from a qualitative research carried out with postgraduate Biomedical students are provided. Theoretical framework constructed by Pierre Bourdieu was privileged. Results show the need to focus the professional choice in biomedical sciences as a process, bearing in mind: (1) the countless factors that pervade the academic trajectory and (2) the impact produced by deep transformations in the academic field.

Este trabajo presenta datos de una investigación cualitativa, llevado a través con pós-graduandos de un curso de excelencia, en el área biomédica. Fue utilizado como referencial teórico, con prioridad, las producciones de Pierre Bourdieu. Nuestros resultados habían señalado con respecto a la necesidad para enfocar la opción profesional en ciencias, como proceso, debido a: (1) los factores innumerables que cruzan los pasos académicos y (2) el impacto produjeron para las transformaciones intensas observadas en el campo científico.

Tornar-se pesquisador: a escolha profissional como um processo / Para hacer un investigador: la opción profesional como de proceso / Becoming a researcher: the professional choice as a process

Este trabalho apresenta dados de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com pós-graduandos de um curso de excelência, na área biomédica. Como referencial teórico foram usadas, prioritariamente, as produções de Pierre Bourdieu. Nossos achados apontaram para a necessidade de enfocar a escolha profissional em ciências biomédicas como um processo, tendo em vista: (1) os inúmeros fatores que atravessam os percursos acadêmicos e (2) o impacto produzido pelas intensas transformações observadas no campo científico.(AU)

Data collected from a qualitative research carried out with postgraduate Biomedical students are provided. Theoretical framework constructed by Pierre Bourdieu was privileged. Results show the need to focus the professional choice in biomedical sciences as a process, bearing in mind: (1) the countless factors that pervade the academic trajectory and (2) the impact produced by deep transformations in the academic field.(AU)

Este trabajo presenta datos de una investigación cualitativa, llevado a través con pós-graduandos de un curso de excelencia, en el área biomédica. Fue utilizado como referencial teórico, con prioridad, las producciones de Pierre Bourdieu. Nuestros resultados habían señalado con respecto a la necesidad para enfocar la opción profesional en ciencias, como proceso, debido a: (1) los factores innumerables que cruzan los pasos académicos y (2) el impacto produjeron para las transformaciones intensas observadas en el campo científico.(AU)