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1.
Nutr. hosp ; 41(2): 326-329, Mar-Abr. 2024. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-232647

ABSTRACT

Introduction: we report two cases with severe hypokalemia. Patients and methods: a 68-year-old woman was admitted with lower limb swelling and urinary symptoms; on the fourth day serum K+ concentration (s[K+]) was 2.3 mmol/L. A 64-year-old woman was admitted with pain in the lumbosacral spine, she was diagnosed with multiple myeloma. After receiving specific therapy she showed s[K+] at 2.4 mmol/L. A KCl solution containing 26.8 mEq of K+ was administered enterally, which increased s[K+] by 0.7 mmol/L within 1 h. Results and conclusion: these cases reveal that peak s[K+] may be achieved within 1 hour after KCl intake in severe hypokalemia, which is probably faster than IV administration.(AU)


Introducción: se presentan dos casos clínicos con hipopotasemia severa. Pacientes y métodos: mujer de 68 años que ingresó por edema en miembros inferiores y síntomas urinarios; al cuarto día, el nivel sérico de K+ ([K+]s) era de 2,3 mmol/L. Una mujer de 64 años ingresó por dolor en la columna lumbosacra y fue diagnosticada de mieloma múltiple; luego de recibir terapia específi ca, presentó una [K +]s de 2.4 mmol/L. Se administró por vía enteral una solución de KCl que contenía 26,8 mEq de K +, aumentando la [K +]s en 0,7 mmol/L en 1 h. Resultados y conclusión: estos casos revelan que la [K + ]s máxima se alcanzaría 1 hora después de la ingestión de KCl en la hipopotasemia grave, probablemente en menos tiempo que por vía intravenosa.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hypokalemia , Potassium
2.
Nutr Hosp ; 41(2): 326-329, 2024 Apr 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38328927

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Introduction: we report two cases with severe hypokalemia. Patients and methods: a 68-year-old woman was admitted with lower limb swelling and urinary symptoms; on the fourth day serum K+ concentration (s[K+]) was 2.3 mmol/L. A 64-year-old woman was admitted with pain in the lumbosacral spine, she was diagnosed with multiple myeloma. After receiving specific therapy she showed s[K+] at 2.4 mmol/L. A KCl solution containing 26.8 mEq of K+ was administered enterally, which increased s[K+] by 0.7 mmol/L within 1 h. Results and conclusion: these cases reveal that peak s[K+] may be achieved within 1 hour after KCl intake in severe hypokalemia, which is probably faster than IV administration.


Introducción: Introducción: se presentan dos casos clínicos con hipopotasemia severa. Pacientes y métodos: mujer de 68 años que ingresó por edema en miembros inferiores y síntomas urinarios; al cuarto día, el nivel sérico de K+ ([K+]s) era de 2,3 mmol/L. Una mujer de 64 años ingresó por dolor en la columna lumbosacra y fue diagnosticada de mieloma múltiple; luego de recibir terapia específica, presentó una [K+]s de 2.4 mmol/L. Se administró por vía enteral una solución de KCl que contenía 26,8 mEq de K+, aumentando la [K+]s en 0,7 mmol/L en 1 h. Resultados y conclusión: estos casos revelan que la [K+]s máxima se alcanzaría 1 hora después de la ingestión de KCl en la hipopotasemia grave, probablemente en menos tiempo que por vía intravenosa.


Subject(s)
Hypokalemia , Potassium , Humans , Female , Hypokalemia/therapy , Hypokalemia/etiology , Aged , Middle Aged , Potassium/blood , Potassium Chloride/administration & dosage , Potassium Chloride/therapeutic use , Enteral Nutrition/methods
3.
Hipertens. riesgo vasc ; 40(4): 222-224, oct.-dic. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-228418

ABSTRACT

Aproximadamente 10% de los casos de hipertensión arterial son debidos a una causa secundaria, encontrándose entre las más frecuentes el hiperaldosteronismo primario, caracterizado por hipertensión, alcalosis metabólica e hipopotasemia. No obstante, en raras ocasiones puede debutar de una forma atípica, en forma de debilidad muscular y mialgias secundarias a rabdomiólisis por hipopotasemia severa, como el caso que se describe. (AU)


Approximately 10% of cases of arterial hypertension are due to a secondary cause, being among the most frequent primary hyperaldosteronism, characterized by hypertension, metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia. However, on rare occasions it can present in an atypical way, in the form of muscle weakness and myalgia secondary to rhabdomyolysis due to severe hypokalemia, as in the case described. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hyperaldosteronism/complications , Hyperaldosteronism/diagnosis , Hypertension/complications , Rhabdomyolysis/complications , Hypokalemia/etiology
4.
Galicia clin ; 84(3): 14-18, jul.-sep. 2023. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-227718

ABSTRACT

Background: Organophosphorus insecticides are considered one of the commonest causes of morbidity and mortality due to poisoning worldwide. Severe organophosphorus poisoning can lead to multiple sometimes lethal metabolic and haematological abnormalities. Methods: A total of 141 OP poisoning patients were admitted during the study period and their blood samples were collected on admission and analysed for the biochemical abnormalities. Results: Out of 141 patients 76 were males (53.9%) and 65 were females (46.1%). Bradycardia with Pulse rate of less than 60 was seen in in 21 patients (14.7). Hypoxemia with oxygen saturation of less than 94% was seen in 32 (22.7%). leucocytosis with TLC o 11000 or more was seen in 19 patients (13.5%).101 patients (83.5%) had low serum choline esterase levels less than 1.5kU/L. Hypokalaemia with K+ of less than 3.5 was seen in 16 patients (9.9%). Five patients died out of 141 (3.5%). Hypoxemia Spo2 of less than 90% was seen in 3 (60%) patients who died and hypoglycaemia with blood glucose of less than 70mg/dl was seen in 2 out of 5 Patients (40%). Conclusions: low choline esterase levels less than 1.5kU/L was the most common abnormality indicating severe poisoning followed by hypoxemia. Both Hypoxemia and low acetylcholine esterase levels are bad prognostic signs and result in high mortality in organophosphorus poisoning. (AU)


Introducción: De entre todos los procesos de intoxicación, el envenenamiento por organofósforados se considera una de las causas más comunes de morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo. La intoxicación grave por organofósforo puede provocar múltiples anomalías metabólicas y hematológicas, a veces letales. Métodos: Un total de 141 pacientes intoxicados por organofósforados fueron ingresados durante el periodo de estudio y sus muestras e sangre fueron recogidas al ingreso y analizadas para detectar las anomalías bioquímicas. Resultados: De los 141 pacientes, 76 eran varones (53,9%) y 65 mujeres (46,1%). Se observó bradicardia con una frecuencia de pulso inferior a 60 en 21 pacientes (14,7). Se observó hipoxemia con una saturación de oxígeno inferior al 94% en 32 (22,7%). Leucocitosis con un recuento total de leucocitos de 11.000 o más en 19 pacientes (13,5%). 101 pacientes (83,5%) tenían niveles bajos de colina esterasa sérica inferiores a 1,5 kU/L. Se observó hipopotasemia con K+ inferior a 3,5 en 16 pacientes (9,9%). Cinco pacientes fallecieron de un total de 141 (3,5%). Se observó hipoxemia Spo2 inferior al 90% en 3 (60%) pacientes que fallecieron e hipoglucemia con glucemia inferior a 70 mg/dl en 2 de 5 pacientes (40%). Conclusiones: Los niveles bajos de colinesterasa inferiores a 1,5 kU/L fueron la anomalía más frecuente que indicaba intoxicación grave, seguida de hipoxemia. La hipoxemia, la hipoglucemia y los niveles bajos de acetilcolinesterasa son signos de mal pronóstico y dan lugar a una elevada mortalidad en la intoxicación por organofosforados. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Organophosphate Poisoning/metabolism , Organophosphate Poisoning/complications , Organophosphate Poisoning/mortality , Prospective Studies , Hypoxia , Cholinesterases , Hypokalemia , Hypoglycemia
5.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 121(4): e202202835, ago. 2023. ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1443060

ABSTRACT

La hipertensión arterial (HTA) grave en pediatría responde fundamentalmente a causas secundarias. Presentamos una paciente adolescente de 14 años con HTA grave, alcalosis metabólica e hipopotasemia, secundaria a un tumor de células yuxtaglomerulares productor de renina, diagnosticado luego de dos años de evolución de HTA.


Severe arterial hypertension (HTN) in pediatrics is mainly due to secondary causes. Here we describe the case of a 14-year-old female adolescent with severe HTN, metabolic alkalosis, and hypokalemia, secondary to a renin-secreting juxtaglomerular cell tumor diagnosed after 2 years of HTN progression.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Hypertension/etiology , Hypokalemia/complications , Kidney Neoplasms/complications , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Renin/metabolism , Juxtaglomerular Apparatus/metabolism , Juxtaglomerular Apparatus/pathology
6.
Hipertens Riesgo Vasc ; 40(4): 222-224, 2023.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37169712

ABSTRACT

Approximately 10% of cases of arterial hypertension are due to a secondary cause, being among the most frequent primary hyperaldosteronism, characterized by hypertension, metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia. However, on rare occasions it can present in an atypical way, in the form of muscle weakness and myalgia secondary to rhabdomyolysis due to severe hypokalemia, as in the case described.


Subject(s)
Hyperaldosteronism , Hypertension , Hypokalemia , Rhabdomyolysis , Humans , Hypokalemia/etiology , Hyperaldosteronism/complications , Hyperaldosteronism/diagnosis , Hypertension/complications , Rhabdomyolysis/complications
7.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 46(2)2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534486

ABSTRACT

La Parálisis Periódica Hipopotasémica Tirotóxica (PPHT) es una complicación rara del hipertiroidismo. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 50 años sin historia previa de enfermedades crónicas, que presentó episodios recurrentes de debilidad y cuadriparesia, con normopotasemia y sin síntomas evidentes de hipertiroidismo, lo que retrasó el diagnóstico de parálisis periódica tirotóxica, hasta la presentación franca de hipopotasemia.


Thyrotoxic Hypokalemic Periodic paralysis (PPHT) is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism. The case of a 50-year-old patient with no previous history of chronic diseases is presented, who presented recurrent episodes of weakness and quadriparesis, with normokalemia and without obvious symptoms of hyperthyroidism, which delayed the diagnosis of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, until the frank presentation of hypokalemia.

8.
Rev. med. hered ; 33(4)dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1424212

ABSTRACT

Se describe el caso de un varón de 68 años con antecedente de hipertensión arterial no tratada, diagnosticada un año antes, que ingresó con un cuadro de anasarca, debilidad muscular y disnea al reposo. Los primeros exámenes realizados mostraron hipopotasemia severa, alcalosis metabólica, litiasis renal y vesical y enfermedad renal crónica. La tomografía abdominal reveló una tumoración suprarrenal derecha, hidronefrosis bilateral y litiasis renal y vesical. Con la sospecha de hiperaldosteronismo primario se completó el estudio, con la determinación de relación aldosterona/concentración de renina directa, que resultó alta. El estudio metabólico arrojó hipercalciuria e hiperuricosuria y la gradiente transtubular de potasio mayor de 7. El paciente fue sometido a tratamiento quirúrgico con nefrectomía derecha, sin embargo, falleció en el postoperatorio inmediato, por shock hipovolémico e insuficiencia respiratoria.


SUMMARY We report the case of a 68-year-old male with a history of non-treated arterial hypertension diagnosed the previous year that was admitted with anasarca, muscle weakness and dyspnea at rest. The first laboratory exams showed severe hypopotassemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal and gallbladder lithiasis and chronic renal disease. The abdominal tomography revealed a right suprarenal tumor, bilateral hydronephrosis and renal and gallbladder lithiasis. Under the suspicion of primary hyperaldosteronism, the diagnosis was confirmed with the determination of the relationship between aldosterone/direct renin concentration, which was high. The metabolic study showed hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria and the potassium trans tubular gradient was above 7. The patient underwent right nephrectomy, nonetheless, died at the immediate post-operatory period due to a hypovolemic shock and respiratory failure.

9.
Galicia clin ; 83(4): 60-63, oct.-dic. 2022. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-214901

ABSTRACT

Hypokalemia, despite its potential seriousness, is frequently encountered in clinical practice; with the majority of cases occurring in adulthoodbeing rationalized by examining the triad losses: diuretics, vomiting and diarrhea, as inherited causes of hypokalemia with later onset are uncommon.Below we report a case of chronic and recurrent mild hypokalemia, in an adult patient with idiopathic congenital deafness. Early clinical and analytical findings pointed to a hereditary syndrome with augmented potassium renal excretion. Suspicion of a likely molecular basis motivated theanalysis of the barttin’s gene, revealing a G47R mutation in heterozygosity as well as a second mutation within an usually unaltered area. G47Rmutation when in homozygosity is associated with an attenuated BSND (Bartter syndrome accompanied by sensorineural deafness) phenotype,questioning the clinical significance of the second mutation discovered. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Hypokalemia , Bartter Syndrome , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
10.
Med. UIS ; 35(2): e500, mayo-ago. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1422049

ABSTRACT

Resumen La hipertensión arterial secundaria es poco frecuente y está asociada con una causa que puede ser tratable, por lo cual su diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno son importantes. La orientación diagnóstica se hace con base en los datos obtenidos en la anamnesis y examen físico del paciente buscando posibles etiologías. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 63 años, con hipertensión arterial resistente, sin otra sintomatología ni antecedentes personales o familiares. Se realizaron estudios iniciales que documentaron hipopotasemia, lo que hizo sospechar hiperaldosteronismo primario, se solicitaron pruebas complementarias con aldosterona plasmática elevada, actividad de la renina plasmática baja, además con imagen diagnóstica por resonancia nuclear magnética que mostró nódulo suprarrenal derecho. Se considero llevar a adrenalectomía derecha, con reporte de patología compatible con adenoma cortical adrenal. Durante el seguimiento en atención primaria presento adecuado control en cifras de presión arterial con disminución del número de medicamentos antihipertensivos requeridos.


Abstract Secondary arterial hypertension is rare, it is associated with a cause that can be treatable, for which its diagnosis and treatment are not important.The diagnostic orientation is made based on the data obtained in the anamnesis and physical examination of the patient, looking for possible etiologies.We present the case of a 63-year-old man with resistant hypertension, without other symptoms or personal or family history. Initial studies were performed that documented hypokalemia, which led to the suspicion of primary hyperaldosteronism. Complementary tests were requested with high plasma aldosterone, low plasma renin activity, in addition to a diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging that showed an adrenal nodule. A right adrenalectomy was considered, with a report of pathology compatible with adrenal cortical adenoma.During the follow-up in primary care, patient presented adequate control in blood pressure figures with a decrease in the number of antihypertensive drugs required.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged
11.
Hipertens. riesgo vasc ; 39(3): 135-137, jul-sep 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-204046

ABSTRACT

Entre las causas de hipertensión arterial secundaria se incluyen múltiples entidades diagnósticas, por lo que un cribado apropiado es fundamental para diagnosticar aquellas patologías potencialmente tratables. Los síndromes genéticos ocupan un pequeño porcentaje de estas causas. Dentro de este último grupo se incluye el síndrome de Liddle, rara enfermedad genética con herencia autosómica dominante, causado por mutaciones de ganancia de función en los genes que codifican para el canal epitelial de sodio (ENaC), implicados en la reabsorción de sodio en los túbulos renales distales. La presencia de historia familiar de hipertensión arterial con aparición a edad temprana e hipopotasemia en alguno de ellos debería llevar a la sospecha de este trastorno genético, que debe confirmarse con pruebas genéticas. Describimos un caso, confirmado genéticamente, en el cual la hipertensión arterial refractaria a tratamiento convencional es la única manifestación de dicho síndrome, dificultando y retrasando el diagnóstico, hasta la edad adulta.(AU)


Multiple diagnostic entities are included among the causes of secondary arterial hypertension, so an appropriate screening is essential to diagnose potentially treatable pathologies. Genetic syndromes occupy a small percentage of these causes. The latter group includes Liddle syndrome, a rare genetic disease with autosomal dominant inheritance, caused by gain-of-function mutations in the genes that code for the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), involved in sodium reabsorption in the distal renal tubules. The presence of a family history of arterial hypertension with onset at an early age and hypokalemia in some of them should lead to the suspicion of this genetic disorder, which must be confirmed with genetic tests. We describe a case, genetically confirmed, in which hypertension refractory to conventional treatment is the only manifestation of said syndrome, making diagnosis difficult and delayed until adulthood.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Hypertension/diagnosis , Hypokalemia , Liddle Syndrome , Men , Adult
12.
Hipertens Riesgo Vasc ; 39(3): 135-137, 2022.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35660099

ABSTRACT

Multiple diagnostic entities are included among the causes of secondary arterial hypertension, so an appropriate screening is essential to diagnose potentially treatable pathologies. Genetic syndromes occupy a small percentage of these causes. The latter group includes Liddle syndrome, a rare genetic disease with autosomal dominant inheritance, caused by gain-of-function mutations in the genes that code for the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), involved in sodium reabsorption in the distal renal tubules. The presence of a family history of arterial hypertension with onset at an early age and hypokalemia in some of them should lead to the suspicion of this genetic disorder, which must be confirmed with genetic tests. We describe a case, genetically confirmed, in which hypertension refractory to conventional treatment is the only manifestation of said syndrome, making diagnosis difficult and delayed until adulthood.


Subject(s)
Hypertension , Hypokalemia , Liddle Syndrome , Adult , Epithelial Sodium Channels/genetics , Humans , Hypertension/etiology , Hypokalemia/etiology , Liddle Syndrome/etiology , Liddle Syndrome/genetics
14.
Hipertens. riesgo vasc ; 39(2): 92-94, abr.-jun. 2022. tab, ilus
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-203958

ABSTRACT

Arterial hypertension is generally classified as primary or essential (90%), and secondary (10%). Infrequent causes of the latter include Cushing's syndrome, classified as ACTH-dependent and independent. A small percentage of ACTH-independent cases are due to ectopic ACTH secretion, generally due to neoplasia, and can present as arterial hypertension and hyperglycaemia that are refractory to pharmacological measures, metabolic alkalosis and hypokalaemia that are difficult to control, but which help guide the initial diagnosis. We present two clinical cases with a diagnosis of ectopic ACTH secretion secondary to small cell lung carcinoma, in which one of the debut manifestations was unknown, difficult to control arterial hypertension.(AU)


La hipertensión arterial generalmente se clasifica en primaria o esencial (90%) y secundaria (10%). Entre las causas infrecuentes de esta última se encuentra el síndrome de Cushing, el cual se clasifica en hormona adrenocorticotropa (ACTH) dependiente e independiente. Un pequeño porcentaje de los casos de ACTH independiente son debidos a la secreción ectópica de ACTH, generalmente por neoplasias, pudiendo tener como manifestaciones, hipertensión arterial e hiperglucemia refractarias a medidas farmacológicas, alcalosis metabólica e hipopotasemia de difícil control, que por otra parte, sirven como orientación diagnóstica inicial. Presentamos dos casos clínicos con diagnóstico de secreción ectópica de ACTH secundaria a carcinoma microcítico de pulmón, en los que una de las manifestaciones principales al debut fue una hipertensión arterial no conocida de difícil control.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic/complications , ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic/diagnosis , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/metabolism , Cushing Syndrome/diagnosis , Cushing Syndrome/etiology , Humans , Hypertension/complications
15.
Acta méd. peru ; 39(2): 193-197, abr.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403008

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El síndrome de Cushing endógeno deriva de un aumento crónico, inapropiado y sostenido de glucocorticoides principalmente como respuesta al exceso en las concentraciones séricas elevadas de la hormona adrenocorticotropa (ACTH) desde un tumor adenohipofisiario, enfermedad de Cushing; o producida de forma ectópica por tumores neuroendocrinos. El Cushing suprarrenal se origina por tumores de la corteza adrenal que producen de forma autónoma cortisol y es independiente de ACTH. El curso clínico, tratamiento, pronóstico y posibles complicaciones dependen de identificar de forma correcta la lesión desencadenante; situación que en múltiples ocasiones resulta en una experiencia retadora para los clínicos. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 62 años, ingresada por síntomas constitucionales con hipocaliemia severa de difícil corrección e hipercortisolismo severo.


ABSTRACT Endogenous Cushing syndrome derives from a chronic, inappropriate, and sustained increase in glucocorticoids, mainly in response to remarkably high serum concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreted from an adenohypophyseal tumor, Cushing's disease, or due to ectopic production by neuroendocrine tumors. Adrenal Cushing's disease is caused by tumors of the adrenal cortex that autonomously produce cortisol and this is independent from ACTH action. Clinical course, treatment, prognosis, and possible complications depend on correctly identifying the triggering lesion; this situation frequently becomes a challenging experience for clinicians. We present the case of a 62-year-old woman, admitted for constitutional symptoms with severe hypokalemia that was difficult to correct and severe hypercortisolism.

16.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1398237

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue sintetizar la evidencia sobre las causas de muerte súbita cardiaca (MSC) asociada a hipokalemia en individuos de ≥15 a <65 años de edad sin cardiopatía estructural. Reporte de caso. Reportamos un caso y recopilamos casos de MSC siguiendo la estrategia PECO. Realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica hasta el 30 de noviembre del 2021. Incluimos 25 casos. La edad media fue 33,8 ± 2,4 años. Del total de casos, 60% fueron varones y 60% correspondieron a etiologías adquiridas. La tirotoxicosis fue la etiología del 8% de casos. El intervalo QTc estuvo prolongado en 90% de casos en los que se pudo registrar. El 60% de casos fueron extrahospitalarios. Solo el 24% de los episodios resultaron en muerte. Conclusiones. La tirotoxicosis es una causa rara de parada cardiaca súbita (PCS) hipokalémica. La PCS parece asociarse a mejores clínicos comparada con la PCS asociada a kiperkalemia o normokalemia.


Introduction: The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) associated with hypokalemia in individuals ≥15 to <65 years of age without structural heart disease. Case report. We reported a case and collected SCD cases following the PECO strategy. We conducted a bibliographic search of the literature published up to November 30, 2021. We included 25 cases. The mean age was 33.8 ± 2.4 years. Of the total cases, 60% were male and 60% corresponded to acquired etiologies. Thyrotoxicosis was the etiology of 8% of cases. The QTc interval was prolonged in 90% of the cases in which it could be recorded. Sixty percent of cases occurred out of hospital. Only 24% of episodes resulted in death. Conclusions. Thyrotoxicosis is a rare cause of hypokalemic sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Hypokalemic SCA seems to be associated with better clinical results compared to SCA associated with hyperkalemia or normokalemia.

17.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 158(5): 211-217, marzo 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-204360

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes y objetivos:Las alteraciones del potasio constituyen un problema clínico de gran magnitud en la insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) descompensada. Este estudio pretende valorar las implicaciones pronósticas de la hipo e hiperpotasemia al ingreso por IC aguda en la mortalidad cardiovascular y reingresos hospitalarios.Material y método:De enero de 2016 a junio de 2020 fueron ingresados 1.397 casos con diagnóstico de IC aguda. Se excluyeron ingresos programados para estudio, terapias electivas y pacientes con fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo>40%. El estudio se realizó sobre 689 pacientes, 45 con potasio (K+)<3,5 mmol/l, 49K+>5,0mmol/l y 595K+=3,5-5,0 mmol/l. Se analizaron los antecedentes, perfil clínico basal, terapia farmacológica y niveles de potasio obtenidos al ingreso.Resultados:La mortalidad anual por hipopotasemia (K+

Background and objectives: Potassium alterations constitute a major clinical problem in decompensated heart failure (HF). This study aims to assess the prognostic implications of hypo and hyperkalaemia on admission for acute HF in cardiovascular mortality and hospital readmissions.Material and method:From January 2016 to June 2020, 1,397 cases with a diagnosis of acute HF were admitted. Admission programmed for study, elective therapies, and patients with LVEF> 40% were excluded. The study was carried out on 689 patients, 45 with K+ <3.5 mmol/L, 49K +>5.0 mmol/L and 595K+3.5-5.0 mmol/L. Medical history, baseline clinical profile, drug therapy, and potassium levels obtained upon admission were analysed.Results:Annual mortality due to hypokalaemia (K+<3.5mmol/L) was 37.8% (HR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3-4.7; P<.007); for hyperkalaemia 40.8% (HR: 1.9; 95% CI: 0.98-3.51; P<.055). Creatinine level and age were variables associated with mortality in both the hyperkalaemic and hypokalaemic cohorts. Hospital readmissions did not show statistical association with these electrolyte disorders.Conclusions:In patients admitted for decompensated HF, both hyperkalaemia and hypokalaemia determined at admission have a negative prognostic impact on survival. Creatinine and age are other independent factors associated with mortality. The effect on the probability of hospital readmission at one year is not demonstrated in this study. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hyperkalemia/etiology , Patient Readmission , Heart Failure , Hospitalization , Prognosis , Stroke Volume
18.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Bogotá) ; 70(1): e301, Jan.-Mar. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406789

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Gitelman syndrome is a rare hereditary primary renal tubular disorder, with a prevalence of approximately 1 to 10 cases per 40 000 people. It does not have specific symptoms, so its diagnosis depends on high clinical suspicion by the treating physical and a sequential approach to hypokalemia, especially in young patients. Thus, a diagnostic algorithm is proposed at the end of this report. Case presentation: A 23-year-old woman with a history of hospitalization due to hypokalemia presented to the emergency service with intermittent cramping in her lower limbs, which was exacerbated by gastrointestinal symptoms. Laboratory tests reported the following findings: metabolic alkalosis, elevated levels of potassium, magnesium, chloride and sodium in urine, and reduced levels of calcium in urine. Thus, potassium supplementation and eplerenone administration were started, obtaining the complete resolution of symptoms. At her last follow-up appointment, the patient was asymptomatic, and her serum electrolyte levels were normal. In addition, during her hospital stay and due to the high suspicion of Gitelman syndrome, a genetic study was performed, which reported a mutation of the SCL12A3 gene, confirming the diagnosis. Conclusion: The sequential approach to a patient with recurrent hypokalemia is very important to reach an accurate diagnosis among a wide range of differential diagnoses.


Resumen Introducción. El síndrome de Gitelman es un trastorno tubular renal primario hereditario poco frecuente, con una prevalencia aproximada de 1 a 10 casos por cada 40 000 personas; su sintomatologia es inespecífica, por lo que su diagnóstico depende de la alta sospecha clínica por parte del médico tratante y de un abordaje secuencial de la hipopotasemia, sobre todo en pacientes jóvenes, para lo cual se propone un algoritmo diagnóstico al final de este reporte. Presentación de caso. Mujer de 23 años con antecedente de hospitalización por hipopotasemia, quien consultó por calambres musculares intermitentes en miembros inferiores, los cuales se agudizaron debido a síntomas gastrointestinales. En los exámenes de laboratorio se reportaron los siguientes hallazgos: alcalosis metabólica, niveles elevados de potasio, magnesio, cloro y sodio en orina, y niveles reducidos de calcio en orina, por lo que se inició suplementación de potasio y manejo con eplerenona, obteniéndose resolución completa de los síntomas. En su último control, la paciente se encontraba asintomática y sus niveles séricos de electrolitos eran normales. Además, durante la hospitalización, y debido a la alta sospecha de síndrome de Gitelman, se solicitó estudio genético que reportó mutación del gen SCL12A3, confirmándose el diagnóstico. Conclusión. El abordaje secuencial de un paciente con hipopotasemia recurrente es de gran importancia para realizar un diagnóstico certero ante una amplia gama de diagnósticos diferenciales.

19.
Rev. Urug. med. Interna ; 7(1)mar. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387575

ABSTRACT

Resumen: La hipopotasemia se define como la concentración de potasio sérico menor a 3,5 mEq/l. La hipopotasemia menor a 3 mEq/l puede cursar con sintomatología de la esfera cardiovascular y neurológica. Se presenta un caso de miopatía secundaria a hipopotasemia por consumo excesivo de bebidas cola azucaradas. Si bien esta etiología es poco frecuente, está descrita en la literatura, y dado el alto consumo de estas bebidas, es importante tenerlo presente frente a pacientes con esta sintomatología.


Abstract: Hypokalemia is defined as serum potassium concentration less than 3.5 mEq/l. Hypokalaemia less than 3 mEq/l can present with cardiovascular and neurological symptoms. A case of myopathy secondary to hypokalaemia due to excessive consumption of sugary cola is presented. Although this etiology is rare, it is described in the literature, and given the high consumption of these beverages, it is important to keep it in mind in patients with these symptoms.


Resumo: A hipocalemia é definida como concentração sérica de potássio inferior a 3,5 mEq/l. Hipocalemia inferior a 3 mEq/l pode apresentar sintomas cardiovasculares e neurológicos. Apresenta-se um caso de miopatia secundária à hipocalemia devido ao consumo excessivo de cola açucaradas. Embora essa etiologia seja rara, é descrita na literatura e, devido ao alto consumo dessas bebidas, é importante tê-la em mente em pacientes com esses sintomas.

20.
Hipertens Riesgo Vasc ; 39(2): 92-94, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34656459

ABSTRACT

Arterial hypertension is generally classified as primary or essential (90%), and secondary (10%). Infrequent causes of the latter include Cushing's syndrome, classified as ACTH-dependent and independent. A small percentage of ACTH-independent cases are due to ectopic ACTH secretion, generally due to neoplasia, and can present as arterial hypertension and hyperglycaemia that are refractory to pharmacological measures, metabolic alkalosis and hypokalaemia that are difficult to control, but which help guide the initial diagnosis. We present two clinical cases with a diagnosis of ectopic ACTH secretion secondary to small cell lung carcinoma, in which one of the debut manifestations was unknown, difficult to control arterial hypertension.


Subject(s)
ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic , Cushing Syndrome , Hypertension , Hypokalemia , ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic/complications , ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic/diagnosis , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/metabolism , Cushing Syndrome/diagnosis , Cushing Syndrome/etiology , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Hypokalemia/etiology
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