ABSTRACT
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be defined as the progressive loss of renal function, characterized by a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The etiology of CKD in childhood is mainly associated with congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) and with glomerular diseases. The goal of this study was to investigate the hemostasis and oxidative stress in pediatric CKD of different etiologies. Fifty-four CKD children and adolescents and 52 controls were enrolled in this study. The evaluation of hemostasis was carried out by determination of D-dimer (D-Di) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) plasma levels, while oxidative stress was evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels, protein carbonyl content, plasma antioxidant capacity (MTT), and ascorbate. The D-Di was increased in CAKUT stage 3 or 4 patients compared with those with glomerular disease. PAI-1 was increased in patients with glomerular disease compared with CAKUT. Carbonyl protein content was higher in the control group compared with glomerular disease stage 3 or 4 patients. Our findings showed that the reduction in GFR is associated with a state of hypercoagulability. The analysis of integrated networks showed an expansion of connections among hemostatic and oxidative stress markers in CKD children and adolescents compared with controls.
Subject(s)
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Adolescent , Child , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Hemostasis , Humans , Kidney/metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/metabolism , Protein Carbonylation , Urogenital Abnormalities , Vesico-Ureteral RefluxABSTRACT
A doença renal crônica (DRC) possui caráter irreversível e progressivo, levando a pessoa acometida à terapia renal substitutiva. Nesse contexto, a comunicação entre o/a profissional de saúde e o(a) usuário(a) é essencial, pois poderá viabilizar melhor compreensão da doença e das terapêuticas e a maior apropriação do (auto)cuidado em saúde. O estudo, de natureza qualitativa, teve por objetivo analisar a percepção dos(as) usuários(as) e dos(as) profissionais de saúde do ambulatório de nefrologia de um hospital escola da cidade do Recife acerca da comunicação estabelecida entre eles quanto ao diagnóstico/prognóstico e tratamento da DRC. Responderam a entrevistas semiestruturadas 14 participantes (sete pacientes e sete profissionais). Foi utilizada análise de conteúdo para apreciação dos dados. Os resultados apontaram para dois tipos de comunicação: comunicação-explicação e comunicação-relação, as quais são influenciadas pelos seguintes fatores: sentimentos dos profissionais e dos pacientes, atitudes dos profissionais e dos pacientes, e fatores externos e internos à díade profissional-usuário(a). Conclui-se que existe predomínio de comunicação hierarquizada, ainda que se vislumbrem relações mais horizontais. Portanto, é necessário que profissionais de saúde aprimorarem habilidades para lidar com sentimentos e atitudes presentes na comunicação. Os resultados podem contribuir para a melhoria do processo comunicativo, auxiliando no aperfeiçoamento técnico do(a) profissional de saúde.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is irreversible and progressive, leading the person to renal replacement therapy. In this context, the communication between the health professional and the user is essential, since it can make possible a better understanding of the disease and the therapeutics and the greater appropriation of (self) health care. The purpose of this qualitative study was to analyze the perception of the users and the health professionals of the nephrology outpatient clinic of a school hospital in the city of Recife about the communication established between them regarding the diagnosis/prognosis and treatment of CKD. Fourteen participants (seven patients and seven professionals) responded to semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used to evaluate the data. The results pointed to two types of communication: communication-explanation and communication-relationship, which are influenced by the following factors: feelings of professionals and patients, attitudes of professionals and patients, and external and internal factors to the professional-user dyad. It is concluded that there is a predominance of hierarchical communication, although more horizontal relations are observed. Therefore, it is necessary for health professionals to improve skills to deal with feelings and attitudes present in communication. The results can contribute to the improvement of the communicative process, helping in the technical improvement of the health professional.
La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) posee carácter irreversible y progresivo, llevando la persona enferma a la terapia renal sustitutiva. En este contexto, la comunicación entre el/la profesional de salud y el usuario(a) es esencial, porque podrá viabilizar una mejor comprensión de la enfermedad y de las terapéuticas y una mayor apropiación del (auto) cuidado en salud. El estudio, de naturaleza cualitativa, tuvo el objetivo de analizar la percepción de los usuarios y de los profesionales de salud del ambulatorio de nefrología de un hospital escuela en la ciudad de Recife sobre la comunicación establecida entre ellos cuanto al diagnóstico/pronóstico y tratamiento de la ERC. Contestaron a las entrevistas semiestructuradas 14 participantes (siete pacientes y siete profesionales). Se utilizó análisis de contenido para evaluación de los datos. Los resultados indicaron dos tipos de comunicación: comunicación-explicación y comunicación-relación, las cuales son influenciadas por los siguientes factores: sentimientos de los profesionales y de los pacientes, actitudes de los profesionales y de los pacientes, y factores externos e internos al dúo profesional-usuario(a). Se concluyo que existe predominio de comunicación jerarquizada, aunque se vislumbren relaciones más horizontales. Por lo tanto, es necesario que profesionales de la salud mejoren habilidades para hacer frente a sentimientos y actitudes presentes en la comunicación. Los resultados pueden contribuir para la mejora del proceso comunicativo, ayudando en el mejoramiento técnico del profesional de salud.
L'insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) est irréversible et progressive, amenant le patient à un traitement de remplacement du rein. Dans ce contexte, la communication entre le professionnel de la santé et l'utilisateur est essentielle, car elle peut permettre une meilleure compréhension de la maladie et des mesures thérapeutiques, bien comme une plus grande appropriation des soins auto-administrés en santé. Le but de cette étude qualitative a été d'analyser la perception des utilisateurs et des professionnels de la santé de la clinique médicale de néphrologie d'un hôpital universitaire au Recife sur la communication établie entre eux à propos du diagnostic/ pronostic et traitement de l'IRC. Quatorze participants (sept patients et sept professionnels) ont répondu à des entretiens semi-structurés. L'analyse du contenu a été utilisée pour évaluer les données. Les résultats ont mis en évidence deux types de communication: communication-explication et communication-relation, lesquelles sont influencées par les facteurs suivants: sentiments des professionnels et des patients, attitudes des professionnels et des patients et facteurs externes et internes de la dyade professionnel-utilisateur. On a pu conclure qu'il existe une prédominance de la communication hiérarchique, même si on peut observer certaines relations horizontales. Par conséquent, il est nécessaire que les professionnels de la santé améliorent leurs compétences pour faire face aux sentiments et aux attitudes présents dans la communication. Les résultats peuvent contribuer à l'amélioration du processus de communication, ce qui contribue ainsi à l'évolution technique du professionnel de la santé.
Subject(s)
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Health Communication , Kidney DiseasesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Calciphylaxis is a rare and severe disease with an annual incidence of around 1 % in dialysis patients. The main study aim was to determine its incidence in Martinique, where there is a significant population of patients on dialysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients diagnosed with calciphylaxis between 2006 and 2012 and living in Martinique were included, retrospectively. Social, demographic, biological, anatomic, pathological, histological and outcome data were analysed. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were included (8 women, 7 men). The incidence of calciphylaxis in this population was about 4.62/1,000,000 inhabitants per year. All patients presented very painful skin ulcerations and necrosis, chiefly on the lower extremities in 53.3 % of cases. All patients were on haemodialysis and two had undergone renal transplantation. Fourteen of the 15 patients were presenting secondary hyperparathyroidism, 12 had hypertension, 9 peripheral arterial disease, 8 obesity and 8 diabetes mellitus. Raised calcium and phosphorus were noted in 8 patients, with hypoalbuminaemia in 9 patients. Treatment with sodium thiosulfate was given for 8 patients, and was beneficial for all after a mean duration of 3.4 months. After 6 months of follow-up, 8 of the 15 patients were cured, 1 showed improvement and 6 had died. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the incidence of calciphylaxis in the general population. The relatively large number of patients could be accounted for by the high number of comorbidities in end-stage renal disease patients in Martinique, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension and arteritis. Treatment with sodium thiosulfate was beneficial for 8 patients.