Isolation of novel fluorogenic RNA aptamers via in vitro compartmentalization using microbead-display libraries.

Fluorogenic RNA aptamers, which specifically bind to fluorogens and dramatically enhance their fluorescence, are valuable for imaging and detecting RNAs and metabolites in living cells. Most fluorogenic RNA aptamers have been identified and engineered through iterative rounds of in vitro selection based on their binding to target fluorogens. While such selection is an efficient approach for generating RNA aptamers, it is less efficient for isolating fluorogenic aptamers because it does not directly screen for fluorogenic properties. In this study, we combined a fluorescence-based in vitro selection technique using water-in-oil microdroplets with an affinity-based selection technique to obtain fluorogenic RNA aptamers. This approach allowed us to identify novel fluorogenic aptamers for a biotin-modified thiazole orange derivative. Our results demonstrate that our approach can expand the diversity of fluorogenic RNA aptamers, thus leading to new applications for the imaging and detection of biomolecules.

Postharvest quality and ripening behaviour of un-explored genotypes of Himalayan plain mango diversity.

India is renowned for its mango diversity, with more than 1000 genotypes reported. However, the Himalayan plains bear some elite genotypes which supposed to bear high postharvest value, the systemic postharvest study of which is yet to be attempted. The aim of present study is to evaluate the postharvest quality and ripening behviour of these important genotypes. Thus, 15 un-explored mango genotypes of this region were selected and evaluated for ripening behaviour and detailed postharvest profiling via internal (total phenolic and total flavonoid content), nutritional attributes (Brix: acid ratio, total carotenoid concentration, ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity), sensory evaluation, fruit softening enzymes (polygalactouronase, pectin methylesterase and lipoxygenase), shelf life attributes (respiration rate, physiological loss in weight and storage life in days) external attributes (fruit weight, fruit firmness, peel thickness, fruit shape and dry seed weight) and mineral contents (Calcium, potassium and phosphorous) under ambient storage (25 ± 4 °C and 65 ± 5 % RH). The results revealed that the highest total flavonoid content (682.40 µg g-1), ascorbic acid (46.88 mg 100 g-1) and antioxidant activity (4.84 µmol TE g-1) exhibited by 'Sukul'. The total phenolic content was recorded as the highest in 'Safed Malda' (510.42 µg GAE g-1 FW), and total carotenoid concentration was recorded as the highest in 'Sipiya' (7.30 mg 100 g-1) 'Zardalu' (7.04 mg 100 g-1) and 'Mithua' (6.98 mg 100 g-1). Interestingly, genotypes such as 'Sukul', Sipiya' and 'Krishna Bhog 'exhibited a 4-5 days higher storage life than other selected genotypes. Screened genotypes exhibited a high diversity of nutritional and biochemical contents. The results of this study bear practical utility for research (quality improvement programme) and the processing industry.

Genome-wide identification of gene families related to miRNA biogenesis in Mangifera indica L. and their possible role during heat stress.

Mango is a popular tropical fruit that requires quarantine hot water treatment (QHWT) for postharvest sanitation, which can cause abiotic stress. Plants have various defense mechanisms to cope with stress; miRNAs mainly regulate the expression of these defense responses. Proteins involved in the biogenesis of miRNAs include DICER-like (DCL), ARGONAUTE (AGO), HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1 (HYL1), SERRATE (SE), HUA ENHANCER1 (HEN1), HASTY (HST), and HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN 90 (HSP90), among others. According to our analysis, the mango genome contains five DCL, thirteen AGO, six HYL, two SE, one HEN1, one HST, and five putative HSP90 genes. Gene structure prediction and domain identification indicate that sequences contain key domains for their respective gene families, including the RNase III domain in DCL and PAZ and PIWI domains for AGOs. In addition, phylogenetic analysis indicates the formation of clades that include the mango sequences and their respective orthologs in other flowering plant species, supporting the idea these are functional orthologs. The analysis of cis-regulatory elements of these genes allowed the identification of MYB, ABRE, GARE, MYC, and MeJA-responsive elements involved in stress responses. Gene expression analysis showed that most genes are induced between 3 to 6 h after QHWT, supporting the early role of miRNAs in stress response. Interestingly, our results suggest that mango rapidly induces the production of miRNAs after heat stress. This research will enable us to investigate further the regulation of gene expression and its effects on commercially cultivated fruits, such as mango, while maintaining sanitary standards.

Monitoring the Quality Parameters of Mango Juices Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy.

The current study looks into the characterization and differentiation of mango juices that are sold commercially using fluorescence spectroscopy. The emission spectra displayed well-defined and prominent peaks that suggested the existence of many fluorophores, such as water content, ß-carotene, tartrazine food color, and chlorophyll components. For this study, water and yellow food coloring solution, the two most popular adulterants were added to pure and authenticated mango pulp that had been diluted to an 8% concentration. The fluorophore profile of the samples was ascertained by using multivariate analysis (principal component analysis) in conjunction with fluorescence spectroscopy. The findings showed that the existence of water content is directly correlated with the spectral bands at 444 and 467 nm, and for food color at 580 nm thus the best indicators to detect adulteration of high water contents and food color. Chlorophyll and ß-carotene intensities varied among juices, acting as a discriminant marker to distinguish between those with unripened pulp (high chlorophyll intensity) and those with more water and other pigments (lower chlorophyll and ß-carotene intensities). With fluorescence emission spectroscopy, qualitative assessment of mango juice can be quickly determined by spectral features, providing details on composition and quality.

Phenolic content of Thai Bao mango peel and its in-vitro antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase, and antidiabetic activities.

Plant phenolics have been known for various biological activities. This study aims to extract and examine the presence of phenolics in Bao mango (Mangifera indica L. var.) peel ethanolic extract (MPE). Further, antioxidant, anti-diabetic (α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity), and anti- Alzheimer's disease (AD) (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and ß-secretase (BACE-1) inhibitory activity) efficacy of MPE were determined. The results indicated that mangiferin (8755.89 mg/ 100 g extract) was the major phenolic compound in MPE. An antioxidant mechanism revealed that MPE had a higher radical scavenging ability (4266.70 µmol TE/g extract) compared to reducing power (FRAP) or oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC). Further in-vitro enzyme inhibitory assay against diabetic and AD involved enzymes showed that MPE had stronger inhibitory action against an enzyme involved in diabetes compared to their standard drug (Acarbose) (P < 0.05). While a lower IC50 value was observed against AD-involved enzymes compared to their standard drug (donepezil) (P < 0.05). The results show that Thai Bao mango peel byproduct can be a potential source of nutraceuticals to lower diabetes and improve cognitive health.

Mango peel extracts and mangiferin chromatographic Fourier-transform infrared correlation with antioxidant, antidiabetic, and advanced glycation end product inhibitory potentials using in silico modeling and in vitro assays.

Mangifera indica peels are a rich source of diverse flavonoids and xanthonoids; however, generally these are discarded. Computational studies revealed that mangiferin significantly interacts with amino acid residues of transcriptional regulators 1IK3, 3TOP, and 4f5S. The methanolic extract of Langra variety of mangoes contained the least phenol concentrations (22.6 ± 0.32 mg/gGAE [gallic acid equivalent]) compared to the chloroform (214.8 ± 0.12 mg/gGAE) and ethyl acetate fractions (195.6 ± 0.14 mg/gGAE). Similarly, the methanolic extract of Sindhri variety contained lower phenol concentrations (42.3 ± 0.13 mg/gRUE [relative utilization efficiency]) compared with the chloroform (85.6 ± 0.15 mg/gGAE) and ethyl acetate (76.1 ± 0.32 mg/gGAE) fractions. Langra extract exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 0.06 mg/mL), whereas the ethyl acetate fraction was highly active (IC50 0.12 mg/mL) in Sindhri variety. Mangiferin exhibited significant inhibition (IC50 0.026 mg/mL). A moderate inhibition of 15-LOX was observed in all samples, whereas mangiferin was least active. In advanced glycation end product inhibition assay, the chloroform fraction of Langra variety exhibited significant inhibition in nonoxidative (IC50 64.4 µg/mL) and oxidative modes (IC50 54.7 µg/mL). It was concluded that both Langra and Sindhri peel extracts and fractions possess significant antidiabetic activities. The results suggest the potential use of peel waste in the management and complications of diabetes.

Mangiferin: A natural bioactive immunomodulating glucosylxanthone with potential against cancer and rheumatoid arthritis.

Mangiferin is a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone that has shown promising immunomodulatory effects. It is generally isolated from the leaves, peels, bark, and kernels of Mangifera indica Linn. Mangiferin is like a miraculous natural bioactive molecule that has an immunomodulatory function that makes it a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cancer. The anticancer activity of mangiferin acts by blocking NF-κB, as well as regulating the ß-catenin, EMT, MMP9, MMP2, LDH, ROS, and NO, and also by the activation of macrophages. It has no cytotoxic effect on grown chondrocytes and lowers matrix metalloproteinase levels. Additionally, it has a potent proapoptotic impact on synoviocytes. The precise molecular mechanism of action of mangiferin on RA and malignancies is still unknown. This comprehensive review elaborates on the immunomodulatory effect of mangiferin and its anticancer and anti-RA activity. This also explained the total synthesis of mangiferin and its in vitro and in vivo screening models.

Geospatial insights into Alphonso mango cultivation: a comprehensive land suitability study in the coastal belt of Maharashtra, India.

Land suitability assessment is integral to the advancement of precision agriculture. This inquiry is focused on identifying optimal regions for cultivating Alphonso mango in the coastal belt of Maharashtra, spanning across Palghar, Raigad, Thane, Ratnagiri, and Sindhudurg districts. Employing a GIS-based Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology, 10 crucial parameters have been considered, encompassing climatic, physical, and chemical soil characteristics: cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, slope, rainfall, soil pH, soil texture, mean annual soil temperature, base saturation, soil drainage, and soil depth. Weights are assigned to these parameters based on expert opinions and existing literature to determine their significance in developing a soil suitability map. The study reveals distinct land suitability zones for Alphonso mango cultivation. The land suitability map designates 25.78% of the study area as highly suitable, while 9.18% is considered unsuitable for Alphonso mango cultivation. To validate the study, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve has been employed, indicating an 83% approval rate for the reliability and performance of the soil suitability. The results categorise soil suitability classes, providing valuable insights for farmers and agricultural planners to make informed decisions regarding Alphonso mango cultivation in similar geoenvironmental regions.

Optimization of an ultrasound-assisted extraction method to obtain gallic acid-rich extracts from mango seed kernels.

Gallic acid is a widely recognized bioactive compound that falls under the category of secondary polyphenolic metabolites and is fairly found in mango fruit waste, specifically in mango seed kernel (MSK). This study aimed to adopt a green extraction approach to extract this valuable compound via ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) without using organic solvents but only water to obtain hazard-free extracts, and the cost of extraction can be minimal. pH (2-8), solvent ratio (20-60 mL/g), temperature (30-60°C) and time (30-60 min) of extraction were the independent variables used for extraction optimization. Single-factor experiments to obtain working ranges for selected extraction variables were carried out. A central composite design using response surface methodology was used to determine the optimum condition to obtain the maximum yield of gallic acid from MSK. The optimized extraction conditions were 3.9 pH, 36.25 mL/g solvent ratio, and 39.4°C of extraction temperature for 21.3 min. As a result, the optimized yield was 5.76 ± 0.41 mg/g, which was comparably equal to and/or better than the other solvent extraction systems. The results showed that gallic acid could efficiently be extracted via UAE under these optimal conditions. It is safer than extraction systems involving hazardous solvents that can be feasibly used for its nutraceutical and therapeutic applications.

Valorisation of raw mango pickle industry waste into antimicrobial agent against postharvest fungal pathogens.

In mango pickle industry, a significant quantity of mango seed kernels is discarded as solid wastes. These seed kernels can be an ideal source for obtaining extracts rich in bioactive polyphenolic compounds with good antioxidant properties. The potential of mango kernel phenolic extract (MKPE) was investigated as a natural and effective antimicrobial agent for controlling major postharvest fungal pathogen infections, a significant threat to global food supply chains. Fungal pathogens contribute to the deterioration of fruits, vegetables, and grains during storage and transportation, leading to economic losses and compromised food safety. MKPE was obtained from pickling variety 'Ramkela' raw mango kernels, and its phenolic composition was characterized using LC-MS. The in vitro antifungal activity of MKPE against Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporoides, and Rhizopus stolonifer was evaluated in vitro. A concentration-dependent inhibition of fungal radial growth against all three pathogens was observed, exhibiting the potential of MKPE as a valuable natural resource for addressing postharvest losses caused by fungal pathogens. The extraction process yielded a total phenolic content of 2128 mg GAE/100 g. Major polyphenolic bioactive compounds present were mangiferin, quercetin, and rhamnetin. The in-vitro antimicrobial assay showed reduction in the radial growth and inhibition percent of the pathogens. EC50 values of MKPE for B. cineria, C. gloeosporoides, and R. stolonifer was found to 364.17, 963.8 and 926 ppm, respectively. Our results demonstrate an economical, sustainable, and eco-friendly approach to manage post-harvest diseases rendered by fungi using mango MKPE from pickling industry waste.

Value addition of mango kernel for development and characterization of starch with starch nanoparticles for packaging applications.

The present research was conducted to explore the potential of mango kernel starch from the Chaunsa variety to develop starch and starch nanoparticles (SNPs) based films. The investigation included starch isolation from mango kernel followed by the preparation of SNPs by acid hydrolysis and a thorough examination of various physicochemical properties for film formation. The properties of SNPs were found to be distinctly different from those of native starch. SNPs exhibited an aggregated form with an irregular surface, whereas native starch had an oval and elongated shape with a smooth surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the starch type in SNPs was of the A-type. Additionally, the pasting properties of SNPs were minimal due to the acid hydrolysis process. SNP-based composite film was developed with (5 %) SNP concentration added. This successful incorporation of SNPs enhanced biodegradability, with complete degradation occurring within three weeks. Moreover, the composite films displayed increased burst strength, measuring 1303.51 ± 73.7 g, and lower water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) at (7.40 ± 0.50) × 10-3 g per square meter per second and reduced water solubility at 35.32 ± 3.0 %. This development represents a significant advancement in the field of eco-friendly packaging materials.

Development of ternary polymeric film based on modified mango seed kernel starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, and gum acacia to extend the shelf-life of bun-bread.

Non-conventional starch sources have attracted substantial attention due to their preferred physicochemical and mechanical properties similar to conventional sources. This study aimed to enhance the mechanical properties of mango seed kernel starch (MSKS) based films reinforced with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and gum acacia (GA). Physical modification of MSKS was carried out using microwave-assisted at 180 W for 1 min. SEM results confirmed the oval and irregular shape of starch. The particle size of native starch (NS) (754.9 ± 20.4 nm) was higher compared to modified starch (MS) 336.6 ± 88.9 nm with a surface charge of -24.80 ± 3.92 to -34.87 ± 3.92 mV, respectively. Several functional groups including hydroxyl (OH) and carboxyl (CH) were confirmed in NS and MS. Different ratios of the MS, NS, CMC, and GA were used for the fabrication of films. Results revealed the higher tensile strength of M/C/G-1 (57.45 ± 0.05 nm) and M/C/G-2 (50.77 ± 0.58), compared to control C-4 (100 % native starch) (4.82 ± 0.04) respectively. The ternary complex provided excellent permeability against moisture and the film with a higher starch concentration confirmed the uniform thickness (0.09-0.10 mm). Furthermore, selected films (M/C/G-1 and M/C/G-2) reduced the microbial growth and weight loss of the bun compared to the control (C-4) film. Thus, the ternary complex maintained the freshness of the bun-bread for 14 days. It can be potentially used as a cost-effective and eco-friendly packaging material for food applications.

Mango wiggler as a novel insertion device providing a large and symmetrical imaging field of view.

A novel insertion device is introduced, designated as the Mango wiggler, designed for synchrotron radiation (SR) imaging that provides a large field of view. This innovative device is constructed from two orthogonal planar wigglers with a small difference in their period lengths, eliciting the phase difference of the magnetic fields to incrementally transitions from 0 to π/2. Such a configuration enlarges the vertical divergence of the light source, as with the horizontal divergence. The appellation `Mango wiggler' derives from the distinctive mango-shaped contour of its radiation field. A comprehensive suite of theoretical analyses and simulations has been executed to elucidate the radiation properties of the Mango wiggler, employing SPECTRA and Mathematica as calculation tools. In conjunction with the ongoing construction of the High Energy Photon Source in Beijing a practical Mango wiggler device has been fabricated for utilization in SR imaging applications. Theoretical analyses were applied to this particular Mango wiggler to yield several theoretical conclusions, and several simulations were performed according to the measured magnetic field results.

The effect of mango aroma in low-sugar beverage: A sensory study on odor induced sweetness enhancement.

Excessive intake of sugar has become a public concern. However, it is challenging for food industries to decrease sugar level without sacrificing safety and sensory profile. Odor-induced sweetness enhancement (OISE) is believed to be a novel and promising strategy for sugar reduction. In order to investigate the OISE effect of mango aroma and evaluate its degree of sugar reduction in low-sugar beverages, a mathematical model was constructed through sensory evaluation in this study. The results showed that the maximum liking of low-sugar model beverages was 4.28 % sucrose and 0.57 % mango flavor. The most synergistic of OISE was at the concentration level of 2.24 % sucrose + 0.25 % mango flavor, which was equivalent to 2.96 % pure sucrose solution. With 32.14 % sugar reduction, the mango aroma was suggested to generate the OISE effect. However, the same level of garlic aroma was not able to enhance sweetness perception, suggesting that the congruency of aroma and taste is a prerequisite for the OISE effect to occur. This study demonstrated that the cross-modal interaction of mango aroma on sweetness enhancement in low-sugar model beverages could provide practical guidance for developing sugar-reduced beverages without applying sweeteners.

The Transcription Factor MiMYB8 Suppresses Peel Coloration in Postharvest 'Guifei' Mango in Response to High Concentration of Exogenous Ethylene by Negatively Modulating MiPAL1.

Anthocyanin accumulation is regulated by specific genes during fruit ripening. Currently, peel coloration of mango fruit in response to exogenous ethylene and the underlying molecular mechanism remain largely unknown. The role of MiMYB8 on suppressing peel coloration in postharvest 'Guifei' mango was investigated by physiology detection, RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, bioinformatics analysis, yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and transient overexpression. Results showed that compared with the control, low concentration of exogenous ethylene (ETH, 500 mg·L-1) significantly promoted peel coloration of mango fruit (cv. Guifei). However, a higher concentration of ETH (1000 mg·L-1) suppressed color transformation, which is associated with higher chlorophyll content, lower a* value, anthocyanin content, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity of mango fruit. M. indica myeloblastosis8 MiMYB8 and MiPAL1 were differentially expressed during storage. MiMYB8 was highly similar to those found in other plant species related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and was located in the nucleus. MiMYB8 suppressed the transcription of MiPAL1 by binding directly to its promoter. Transient overexpression of MiMYB8 in tobacco leaves and mango fruit inhibited anthocyanin accumulation by decreasing PAL activity and down-regulating the gene expression. Our observations suggest that MiMYB8 may act as repressor of anthocyanin synthesis by negatively modulating the MiPAL gene during ripening of mango fruit, which provides us with a theoretical basis for the scientific use of exogenous ethylene in practice.

Mango headspace volatiles trigger differential responses of the mango fruit fly Ceratitis cosyra and its parasitoids.

Before the introduction of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) to sub-Saharan Africa, Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) was economically the most important pest in mango farming. Its native natural enemy, the solitary parasitoid Psyttalia cosyrae (Wilkinson), played a crucial role in C. cosyra bio-control, later complemented by the exotic parasitoids Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) and Fopius arisanus (Sonan) among Integrated Pest Management (IPM) systems. To understand the in situ mango-C. cosyra-parasitoid tritrophic interaction, we assessed the responses of the fruit fly and the three parasitoids to headspace volatiles from various mango conditions. These conditions included non-infested mature unripe mangoes, C. cosyra-infested mangoes, 7th- and 9th-day post-infestation mangoes, non-infested ripe mangoes of three varieties (Kent, Apple, and Haden), and clean air (blank). We also compared the fruit fly's performance in the mango varieties and identified the chemical profiles of mango headspace volatiles. Ceratitis cosyra was attracted to both infested and non-infested mangoes (66-84 % of responsive C. cosyra) and showed superior performance in Kent mango (72.1 % of the 287 puparia recovered) compared to Apple and Haden varieties. Fopius arisanus displayed a stronger attraction to the volatiles of C. cosyra-infested mangoes (68-70 %), while P. cosyrae and D. longicaudata were significantly attracted to the 9th-day post-infestation mangoes (68-78 %) compared to non-infested mango volatiles. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy showed substantial quantitative and qualitative differences in volatile profiles among mango treatments. Esters predominated in non-infested ripe, 7th- and 9th-day post-infestation mangoes, while monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were most dominant in the other treatments. The in situ experiments underscored varying preferences of the species for mango headspace volatiles and their subsequent treatments. These results provide valuable insights for further exploration, specifically in identifying the key volatiles responsible for species responses, to facilitate the development of applicable selective semiochemicals for managing species of African fruit fly.

Modeling and optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of total phenolics content from mango (Mangifera indica) peel using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANN).

Mango (Mangifera indica) is a fruit highly consumed for its flavor and nutrient content. The mango peel is rich in compounds with biological functionality, such as antioxidant activity among others. The influence of microwave-assisted extraction variables on total phenol compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (TEAC) of natural extracts obtained from mango peel var. Tommy and Sugar were studied using a response surface methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). TPC of mango peel extract var. Tommy was significantly influenced by time extraction (X1), solvent/plant ratio (X2) and concentration of ethanol (X3) and while mango peel extract var. Sugar was influenced by X2. TEAC by ABTS was significantly influenced by X3. Maximum of TPC (121.3 mg GAE / g of extract) and TEAC (1185.9 µmol Trolox/g extract) for mango peel extract var. Tommy were obtained at X1=23.9s, X2=12.6mL/gand X3=63.2%, and for mango peel extract var. Sugar, the maximum content of TPC (224.86 mg GAE/g extract) and TEAC (2117.7 µmol Trolox/g extract) were obtained at X1=40s, X2=10mL/g and X3=74.9%. The ANN model presented a higher predictive capacity than the RSM (RANN2>RRSM2,RMSEANN

Impact of Molar Composition on the Functional Properties of Glutinous Rice Starch-Chitosan Blend: Natural-Based Active Coating for Extending Mango Shelf Life.

This study investigates natural-based blends of glutinous rice starch (GRS) and chitosan (CS), varying their molar composition (0:100, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, and 100:0) to explore their interaction dynamics. Our findings illustrate the versatility of these blends in solution and film forms, offering applications across diverse fields. Our objective is to understand their impact on coatings designed to extend the post-harvest shelf life of mangoes. Results reveal that increasing chitosan content in GRS/CS blends enhances mechanical strength, hydrophobicity, and resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection, a common cause of mango anthracnose. These properties overcome limitations of GRS films. Advanced techniques, including FTIR analysis and stereo imaging, confirmed robust interaction between GRS/CS blend films and mango cuticles, improving coverage with higher chitosan content. This comprehensive coverage reduces mango dehydration and respiration, thereby preserving quality and extending shelf life. Coating with a GRS/CS blend containing at least 50% chitosan effectively prevents disease progression and maintains quality over a 10-day storage period, while uncoated mangoes fail to meet quality standards within 2 days. Moreover, increasing the starch proportion in GRS/CS blends enhances film density, optical properties, and reduces reliance on acidic solvents, thereby minimizing undesirable changes in product aroma and taste.

Mango Fruit Detachment of Trees after Applying a Blend Composed of HNO3 and Charcoal Activated.

As young workers prefer urban labors and migrate to USA and Canada, mango harvesting is becoming scarce on Mexican coasts. This seasonal labor is becoming expensive and when many orchards produce fruit simultaneously, grower losses increase. In this research, an innovative fruit detachment method was tested after applying a viscous paste to the pedicel of mango fruits hanging in the tree. Activated carbon or charcoal (AC), was mixed with different amounts of nitric acid to provide three AC composite blends named: light, medium, and dense. The nanomaterial was applied with a brush to the fruit pedicel/peduncle taking up to 4 h before the mango fruits felt to a net below the tree canopy. Mango detachment experiments indicated that the medium blend was the most efficient in releasing the fruit, taking an average of 2 h. The dense nano-material decreased latex exudation to 7% of the fruits. Fruit maturity emerged as a crucial factor for detachment time, followed by mango weight.

Enhanced antifungal properties of poly(butylene succinate) film with lignin nanoparticles and trans-cinnamaldehyde for mango packaging.

Sustainable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) films incorporating lignin nanoparticles (LN) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (CN) have been developed to preserve mango freshness and provide food safety. PBS/LN, PBS/CN, and PBS/LN/CN composite films were produced by blown film melt extrusion. This study investigated the effect of CN-LN on the CN remaining content, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties, diffusion coefficient, and antifungal activity of PBS films both in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that LN in the PBS/LN/CN composite film contained more CN than in the PBS/CN film. The compatibility of CN-LN with PBS produced homogeneous surfaces with enhanced barrier properties. PBS/LN/CN composite films demonstrated superior antifungal efficacy, inhibiting the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and preserving mango quality during storage. Results suggested that incorporating LN into PBS composite films prolonged the sustained release of antifungal agents, thereby inhibiting microbial growth and extending the shelf life of mangoes. Development of PBS/LN/CN composite films is a beneficial step toward reducing food waste and enhancing food safety.