ABSTRACT
Black pigmented gram negative anaerobes are associated with periodontal disease and tooth loss. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Ocimum Sanctum.L (Tulsi) gel against black pigmented anaerobes. Plaque samples were collected from the subject and kept in anaerobic broth for 4 hours of incubation at 37°C. 50µL concentration of Tulsi gel was added and kept in gas pack system for 3-5 days. Zone of inhibition was measured. Ocimum sanctum L. (Tulsi) exhibits strong antibacterial activity against Black Pigmented bacteroides at 1% and 2%.Tulasi gel was effective at higher concentrations, indicating the possibility of using it as an adjunct to standard periodontal treatment.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Bacterial meningitis is a central nervous system (CNS) infection disease of the meninges and brain parenchyma caused by the bacteria. Few cases of meningitis related to oral anaerobes have been reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of meningitis in a middle-aged woman, caused by oral anaerobes. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with fever, headache for 21 days and left limb weakness for 2 days. The blood cell counts (11.73 × 109/L), neutrophil counts (9.22 × 109/L) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (> 5.00 mg/L) were elevated. The brain computerized tomography (CT) scanning indicated the new right thalamus infarct. The brain cranial-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the right lateral paraventricular and right thalamic infarct, and abnormal signal in occipital horns of bilateral lateral ventricles were increased. In addition, the brain enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scanning suggested that meninges were thickened and enhanced at the base of the brain, with meningitis changes. The neck CT angiography (CTA) revealed arteriosclerotic changes. The metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) revealed Eubacterium brachy, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Torque teno virus in her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The patient was diagnosed with purulent meningitis caused by infection of oral anaerobes, and treated with mannitol, ceftriaxone and vancomycin. Her symptoms alleviated. Subsequently, she was transferred to the infectious department and treated with ceftriaxone plus metronidazole (anti-anaerobes) and mannitol (reduce intracranial pressure). Her symptoms improved and currently received rehabilitation treatment. CONCLUSION: We herein report a rare case involving meningitis caused by infection of oral anaerobes. The mNGS can accurately detect the pathogens of infectious diseases.
Subject(s)
Ceftriaxone , Meningitis, Bacterial , Humans , Middle Aged , Female , Animals , Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Meninges , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methodsABSTRACT
Halitosis is a term that refers to an unpleasant or foul odor originating from oral cavity, which is mainly caused by volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) produced by oral anaerobes such asPorphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticolaandPrevotella intermedia. General therapies, such as tooth and tongue brushing or usage of bacteriostat can hardly provide a harmless and continuous therapeutic effect on halitosis. Recent evidence has suggested the potential clinical application value of probiotics in the treatment of halitosis. In this study,Bifidobacterium lactisHN019 andLactobacillus acidophilusNCFM were identified from four kinds of probiotics and the antimicrobial activities against pathogens related to halitosis and inhibitory effects on VSCs were investigated. The results showed thatB. lactisHN019 andL. acidophilusNCFM exhibited superior bacteriostatic action against pathogens related to halitosis and showed remarkable inhibitory effect on the production and emission of VSCs. These findings suggest thatB. lactisHN019 andL. acidophilusNCFM may serve as promising parts of a successful halitosis manage plan.