ABSTRACT
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de las intervenciones psicológicas en niños con diagnóstico de Trastorno del EspectroAutista (TEA). Se ha seguido un diseño de revisión de revisiones en el que se han incluido publicaciones de revisión sistemática y meta-análisisque revisaban intervenciones psicológicas en niños con TEA con el objetivo de mejorar la sintomatología, el funcionamiento o el bienestar y calidadde vida de estas personas. La búsqueda se ha realizado en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library y Prospero, conlimitación temporal de publicaciones en los últimos 5 años. El riesgo de sesgos de los estudios seleccionados fue evaluado mediante el instrumentoA Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2). Se han analizado 8 estudios de revisión sistemática y meta-análisis. El análisissegún el modelo terapéutico reporta que la terapia cognitivo conductual es útil para el manejo de síntomas de ansiedad en TEA de alto funcionamiento. La terapia de conducta es efectiva para la mejora de la comunicación, las interacciones sociales, habilidades de autonomía y la inteligencia.En los estudios analizados se presenta una amplia heterogeneidad de variables y medidas de evaluación, así como de programas y estrategias deintervención con programas de tratamiento combinados, que no permite llegar a conclusiones definitivas sobre la efectividad de programas concretos. Se concluyen ciertos puntos clave como directrices de intervención en autismo. (AU)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions in children with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD). The design of the study was a review of reviews that included systematic reviews and meta-analyses that examined psychological interventions in children with ASD with the aim of improving the symptoms, functioning, well-being and quality of life of these children. The search wasconducted in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and Prospero, with a time limitation of publications in the last 5 years.The risk of bias of the selected studies was assessed using the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) instrument. Eightsystematic review and meta-analysis studies have been analyzed. The analysis according to the therapy model reports that cognitive behavioral therapy is useful for the management of anxiety symptoms in high-functioning ASD. Behavioral therapy is effective for the improvement of communication,social interactions, autonomy skills and intelligence. The studies reviewed present a wide heterogeneity of variables and assessment measures, aswell as of programs and intervention strategies with combined treatment programs, which does not allow definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of specific programs. Certain key points are concluded as guidelines for intervention in autism. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy , Psychotherapy , Child Behavior Disorders , Treatment Outcome , Review Literature as TopicABSTRACT
Introducción: La emergencia sanitaria global causada por la actual pandemia de COVID-19 está suponiendo un enorme desafío a todos los niveles. El uso de la mascarilla puede reducir la propagación de la infección al minimizar la excreción de las gotitas de Flügge. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una recopilación de la evidencia disponible sobre el uso de mascarillas en relación con las infecciones respiratorias. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de revisiones sistemáticas (umbrella review). Dos revisores realizaron de forma independiente el proceso de cribado, la extracción y el análisis de datos. Las discrepancias fueron solventadas con un tercer revisor, y la evaluación del riesgo de sesgo de los trabajos se realizó mediante la herramienta AMSTAR-2. Para el proceso de cribado se utilizó el programa Rayyan QCRI. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 8 revisiones sistemáticas. Los estudios analizaron el uso en población general, en centros de cuidados de larga duración, centros hospitalarios, eventos masivos y compararon la efectividad para evitar las infecciones. Los resultados de esta revisión ponen de manifiesto que el uso de las mascarillas se asocia a un efecto protector frente a las infecciones respiratorias, tanto en los centros sanitarios como en los centros de cuidados de larga duración y en los eventos masivos. Conclusiones: A la luz de los resultados parece razonable recomendar el uso de las mascarillas a la población general, pero este uso debe venir acompañado de un plan de formación para mejorar el cumplimiento, ya que su uso inadecuado puede favorecer la infección.(AU)
Introduction: The global health emergency caused by the current COVID-19 pandemic is resulting in a huge challenge at all levels. The use of masks may reduce the spread of the infection by minimising the excretion of Flügge droplets. The objective of this study was to compile the evidence available on the use of masks in relation to respiratory infections. Methodology: An umbrella review (review of systematic reviews) was conducted. Two reviewers independently carried out the screening process, data extraction and data analysis. Discrepancies were resolved with a third reviewer, and the assessment of the risk of bias of the studies was carried out using the AMSTAR 2 tool. The Rayyan QCRI program was used for the screening process. Results: A total of eight systematic reviews were included. The studies analysed the use of masks in the general population, in long-term care facilities, in hospitals and at mass gatherings, and compared the effectiveness thereof in preventing infection. The results of this review revealed that the use of masks is associated with a protective effect against respiratory infections in healthcare facilities, in long-term care facilities and at mass gatherings. Conclusions: In light of the results, it seems reasonable to recommend the use of masks to the general population, but this use should be accompanied by a training programme to improve compliance, as not using them properly may increase the risk of infection.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Tract Infections , Masks , Pandemics , Coronavirus Infections , Microbiology , Communicable DiseasesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The global health emergency caused by the current COVID-19 pandemic is resulting in a huge challenge at all levels. The use of masks may reduce the spread of the infection by minimising the excretion of Flügge droplets. The objective of this study was to compile the evidence available on the use of masks in relation to respiratory infections. METHODOLOGY: An umbrella review (review of systematic reviews) was conducted. Two reviewers independently carried out the screening process, data extraction and data analysis. Discrepancies were resolved with a third reviewer, and the assessment of the risk of bias of the studies was carried out using the AMSTAR 2 tool. The Rayyan QCRI program was used for the screening process. RESULTS: A total of eight systematic reviews were included. The studies analysed the use of masks in the general population, in long-term care facilities, in hospitals and at mass gatherings, and compared the effectiveness thereof in preventing infection. The results of this review revealed that the use of masks is associated with a protective effect against respiratory infections in healthcare facilities, in long-term care facilities and at mass gatherings. CONCLUSIONS: In light of the results, it seems reasonable to recommend the use of masks to the general population, but this use should be accompanied by a training programme to improve compliance, as not using them properly may increase the risk of infection.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Respiratory Tract Infections , Humans , Masks , Pandemics , Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control , SARS-CoV-2 , Systematic Reviews as TopicABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The global health emergency caused by the current COVID-19 pandemic is resulting in a huge challenge at all levels. The use of masks may reduce the spread of the infection by minimising the excretion of Flügge droplets. The objective of this study was to compile the evidence available on the use of masks in relation to respiratory infections. METHODOLOGY: An umbrella review (review of systematic reviews) was conducted. Two reviewers independently carried out the screening process, data extraction and data analysis. Discrepancies were resolved with a third reviewer, and the assessment of the risk of bias of the studies was carried out using the AMSTAR 2 tool. The Rayyan QCRI program was used for the screening process. RESULTS: A total of eight systematic reviews were included. The studies analysed the use of masks in the general population, in long-term care facilities, in hospitals and at mass gatherings, and compared the effectiveness thereof in preventing infection. The results of this review revealed that the use of masks is associated with a protective effect against respiratory infections in healthcare facilities, in long-term care facilities and at mass gatherings. CONCLUSIONS: In light of the results, it seems reasonable to recommend the use of masks to the general population, but this use should be accompanied by a training programme to improve compliance, as not using them properly may increase the risk of infection.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Outcome measures are being widely used by health services to assess the quality of health care. It is important to have a battery of useful performance indicators with high validity and feasibility. Thus, the objective of this study is to perform a review of reviews in order to identify outcome indicators for use in Primary Care. METHODOLOGY: A review of systematic reviews (umbrella review) was carried out. The following databases were consulted: MedLine, EMBASE, and CINAHL, using descriptors and free terms, limiting searches to documents published in English or Spanish. In addition, a search was made for free terms in different web pages. Those reviews that offered indicators that could be used in the Primary Care environment were included. RESULTS: This review included a total of 5 reviews on performance indicators in Primary Care, which consisted of indicators in the following areas or clinical care processes: in osteoarthritis, chronicity, childhood asthma, clinical effectiveness, and prescription safety indicators. A total of 69 performance indicators were identified, with the percentage of performance indicators ranging from 0% to 92.8%. None of the reviews identified performed an analysis of the measurement control (feasibility or sensitivity to change of indicators). CONCLUSIONS: This paper offers a set of 69 performance indicators that have been identified and subsequently validated and prioritised by a panel of experts.