Psychometric properties of the SocioEmotional Skills Instrument for Teachers using network approach: English and Spanish version.

The importance of socioemotional teaching skills has been highlighted for its link with better academic, social, emotional, and behavioral results of students, as well as for its contribution to the work wellbeing, mental health, and prosperity of teachers. However, there are few instruments that measure these skills in teachers in the context of their professional practice. The purpose of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the socioemotional Skills Instrument for Teachers (SEMS-IT). An instrumental design and a sample of 853 Chilean secondary school teachers were used. To evaluate the dimensional structure of the instrument, a portion of the sample (n = 468) underwent a network estimation method with exploratory graph analysis (EGA) using a Gaussian GLASSO model. Then, in order to confirm the structural consistency and stability of the items, the analysis was replicated in a second sample (n = 385), where these results were additionally contrasted with those of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The EGA findings confirmed a structure of four dimensions and 19 items in total: (a) cognitive management of teacher emotion (four items), (b) teacher empathic concern (four items), (c) teacher-student relationship (four items), and (d) adverse classroom climate (seven items), with a 7-point Likert scale response format. The CFA showed good and acceptable fit indicators, X2 (171) = 354.546 (p < 0.001), Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.971, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.966, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.061, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.062. In conclusion, a tool for the assessment of teachers' socioemotional skills, valid for school-based educational research, is provided. Implications of the findings at the theoretical and practical levels are discussed, as well as limitations and future projections for future research.

How is feedback perceived by Brazilian students and faculty from a nursing school?

AIM: This study aims to explore the perceptions of feedback among undergraduate students and faculty members at a Brazilian private nursing school. BACKGROUND: Feedback plays a crucial role in the socioemotional development of learners, with its interpretation varying across different sociocultural contexts. Student evaluations frequently express dissatisfaction regarding both the quality and quantity of feedback received. Conversely, delivering feedback poses a challenge for faculty, requiring the establishment of an empathetic connection that fosters trust and credibility. Brazil, being a developing country characterized by social disparities and economic challenges, presents a unique backdrop for examining feedback dynamics. DESIGN: Qualitative research, employing Inductive Content Analysis, was used to understand feedback perceptions in Brazilian nursing education. Symbolic interactionism was adopted as methodological framework and guided data interpretation. METHODS: We carried out five virtual focus groups composed of a group of teachers (n=5) and four of students (n=34). Semi-structured interviews guided data collection. The recorded sessions were subsequently analyzed to identify key themes and codes. Symbolic interactionism was employed as a framework to derive meaning from qualitative data. RESULTS: Content analysis generated two categories that reveal the perception of teachers and students in the feedback process. The first, called "Feedback in Education: Sociocultural Influences for Students and Teachers", expresses the beliefs and interpretations of students and teachers within the shared feedback environment. The second called "Challenging resonance, transformative construction: Navigating the dualities of feedback for teachers and students", which elucidated how relational dynamics shape behaviors and attitudes, promoting the development of social skills and learning. Faculty's previous feedback experiences significantly influence their self-perception and behavior with students. As a result of the resonance of these past interactions, we recognize that the teaching self also plays a crucial role in the quality and perception of feedback. Furthermore, students construct social reality with similar beliefs and values, they believe in the learning potential generated by feedback. Our findings also corroborate that perceptions of feedback are deeply influenced by the sociocultural context and the narratives corroborate previous findings indicating that, in Brazil, honest feedback can be implicitly perceived as criticism rather than an opportunity for growth. CONCLUSIONS: Faculty members often draw on their past experiences when providing feedback, highlighting the adaptive nature of feedback interactions. Additionally, the feedback process is consistently influenced by the commitment to maintaining positive relationships with students. Students recognize the constructive dimension of feedback as a valuable tool for learning and personal growth.

Trajectories of positive attributes from childhood to young adulthood and its associations with threat and deprivation.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study are to investigate the trajectory of positive attributes from childhood to early adulthood and to explore how those trajectories can be modified by two domains of childhood adversity - threat and deprivation. METHODS: A large prospective school-based community cohort of youths (n=2,511, 6-14 years of age, 45% female) was assessed and followed up for 3 years (80% retention) and 6 years (71% retention). Positive attributes were assessed by the Youth Strength Inventory (YSI). Childhood exposure to threat and deprivation were assessed by a composite measure using multiple indicators. RESULTS: Trajectories of YSI scores were non-linear and distinct for boys and girls. While boys presented a more stable trajectory; girls showed higher levels of positive attributes early in life that decrease over time around adolescence. Both exposure to threat and deprivation presented negative linear association with YSI over time. Furthermore, we found interactions between developmental stage and both adversity domains meaning that the effects of exposure to adversity were stronger at earlier developmental stages and almost non-significant closer to early adulthood. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide new evidence on trajectories of positive attributes in youth and reveal and how experiences of adversity in early life impact not only mental disorder but also positive aspects of mental health.

Trajectories of positive attributes from childhood to early adulthood and their association with environmental factors

Objective: To investigate the trajectory of positive attributes from childhood to early adulthood and how these trajectories might be modified by environmental factors. Methods: We enrolled 2,511 participants aged 6 to 14 years from a large prospective school-based community cohort of Brazilian children and adolescents, 45% of whom were girls. They were assessed and followed for up to 3 years (with 80% retention) or 6 years (with 71% retention). Positive attributes were assessed by using the Youth Strength Inventory (YSI). A composite measure using several indicators was used to assess childhood exposure to threats and deprivations. Results: The trajectories of YSI scores were nonlinear for male and female participants, being high in childhood, decreasing in adolescence, and being high again in early adulthood. Exposure to threat and deprivation presented a negative linear association with YSI over time. Furthermore, exposure to threat and deprivation early in life, but not later, presented an additional effect on decreasing positive attributes during the life course. Conclusion: Our findings provide new evidence on the trajectories of positive attributes in children and adolescents and show how early life adversity affects not only mental disorders but also positive aspects of mental health.

Construto socioemocional e suas contribuições para a Psicologia e Educação / Socioemotional construct and its contributions to Psychology and Education / Constructo socioemocional y sus contribuciones a la Psicología y la Educación

Resumo Desde os primeiros anos escolares, habilidades cognitivas estão inseridas no currículo escolar de crianças e adolescentes. Entretanto, formar indivíduos realmente preparados para enfrentar os desafios exige desenvolver habilidades que vão além de disciplinas obrigatórias, denominadas habilidades socioemocionais. Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura sistemática sobre o construto socioemocional a partir de buscas nos indexadores eletrônicos LILACS e Redalyc, de 2013 a março de 2019, a fim de investigar sua aplicação na prática e apresentar possíveis estratégias para instrumentalizar pessoas a se tornarem emocionalmente competentes. Foram incluídos 9 artigos empíricos experimentais relativos ao tema para a análise final. A partir de uma investigação conceitual destes estudos, verificou-se que o construto socioemocional é formado por três grandes grupos de habilidades: de regulação emocional, pessoais e de convívio social. Todos os programas de intervenção foram desenvolvidos em escolas com crianças e/ou adolescentes e foram eficazes para promover habilidades socioemocionais nos participantes. Espera- se que, em um futuro bem próximo, alunos tenham melhores experiências escolares desde os primeiros anos de vida e cresçam mais preparados emocionalmente para a adolescência e a vida adulta.

Abstract Since the early school years, cognitive skills have been embedded in the school curriculum of children and adolescents. However, training individuals who are truly prepared to face the challenges requires developing skills that go beyond mandatory disciplines, called socio-emotional skills. A systematic literature review on the socioemotional construct was carried out based on searches in the electronic indexes LILACS and Redalyc, from 2013 to March 2019, to investigate its application in practice and present possible strategies to instrumentalize people to become emotionally competent. Nine experimental empirical articles related to the theme were included for the final analysis. From a conceptual investigation of these studies, it was found that the socioemotional construct is formed by three major groups of skills: emotional regulation, personal and social interaction. All intervention programs were developed in schools with children and/or adolescents and were effective in promoting socio-emotional skills in the participants. It is expected that, in the very near future, students will have better school experiences since the first years of life and grow more emotionally prepared for adolescence and adulthood.

Resumen Desde los primeros años escolares, las habilidades cognitivas se han integrado en el plan de estudios escolar de niños y adolescentes. Sin embargo, capacitar a personas que están verdaderamente preparadas para enfrentar los desafíos requiere desarrollar habilidades que van más allá de las disciplinas obligatorias, llamadas habilidades socioemocionales. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el constructo socioemocional a partir de búsquedas en los índices electrónicos LILACS y Redalyc, de 2013 a marzo de 2019, con el fin de investigar su aplicación en la práctica y presentar posibles estrategias para instrumentalizar a las personas para que sean emocionalmente competentes. Para el análisis final se incluyeron 9 artículos empíricos experimentales relacionados con el tema. A partir de una investigación conceptual de estos estudios, se encontró que el constructo socioemocional está formado por tres grandes grupos de habilidades: regulación emocional, interacción personal y social. Todos los programas de intervención se desarrollaron en escuelas con niños y/o adolescentes y fueron efectivos para promover habilidades socioemocionales en los participantes. Se espera que, en un futuro muy cercano, los estudiantes tengan mejores experiencias escolares desde los primeros años de vida y se preparen más emocionalmente para la adolescencia y la edad adulta.

Habilidades socioemocionais: efeitos de uma intervenção em educação para a carreira / Socioemotional skills: effects of a career education intervention / Habilidades socioemocionales: efectos de una intervención en la educación para la carrera

This study aimed to assess the effect of a Career Education intervention intended to promote social-emotional skills. A total of 62 students attending the 9th grade of a public school participated in this study. Data were obtained using the Inventory for the Assessment of Social and Emotional Skills (SENNA 2.0). The intervention effects were analyzed by comparing Intervention Group A (GA), Control Group (CG), and Intervention Group B (GB) and within groups. The results show statistically significant differences only between the groups and in two dimensions: Agreeableness in favor of Intervention Group A (GA) and Openness in favor of Intervention Group B (GB). These findings show the benefits an intervention program intended to promote the development of social-emotional skills can promote in Career Education. However, the small number of participants stands out in terms of limitations. Hence, studies with larger samples are needed to replicate the results. In addition, this study reveals methodological aspects to be considered in the design of Career Education programs, such as more sessions to reach more individuals and obtain more effective results over time.

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de uma estratégia de intervenção em Educação para Carreira visando o desenvolvimento das habilidades socioemocionais. Participaram 62 estudantes do nono ano do Ensino Fun-damental II de uma escola pública. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do Instrumento para Avaliação de Ha-bilidades Socioemocionais (SENNA 2.0). Os efeitos da intervenção foram analisados nas comparações entre o Grupo de Intervenção (GA) e o Grupo Controle (GC), de Intervenção B (GB) e intragrupos. Os resultados mostram diferenças estatisticamente significativas apenas entre grupos e em duas dimensões: Amabilidade a favor do Grupo de Intervenção A (GA) e Abertura ao novo no Grupo de Intervenção B (GB). Tais achados mostram benefícios que o programa de intervenção para o desenvolvimento das habilidades socioemocionais pode propiciar à Educação para a Carreira. Como limitação, destaca-se o pequeno número de participantes, tornando-se necessário que estudos com amostras maiores, visando a replicação dos resultados. O estudo aponta aspectos metodológicos a serem considerados no delineamento de programas de Educação para a Carreira, com mais sessões, visando maior alcance e resultados mais efetivos ao longo do tempo.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de una estrategia de intervención en Educación para la Carrera dirigida al desarrollo de habilidades socioemocionales. Participaron 62 estudiantes del grado no-veno de la Enseñanza Básica II de un colegio público. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante el Instrumento de Evaluación de Habilidades Socioemocionales (SENNA 2.0). Los efectos de la intervención se analizaron en comparaciones entre el Grupo de Intervención (GA) y el Grupo de Control (GC), la Intervención B (GB) e intragrupos. Los resultados muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas solo entre grupos y en dos dimensiones: Amabilidad a favor del Grupo de Intervención A (GA) y Apertura a lo nuevo en el Grupo de Intervención B (GB). Tales hallazgos muestran los beneficios que el programa de intervención para el desarrollo de habilidades socioemocionales puede brindar a la Educación para la Carrera. Como limitación, se destaca el pequeño número de participantes, lo que obligó a realizar estudios con una muestra mayor, con el objetivo de replicar los resultados. El estudio apunta aspectos metodológicos a ser considerados en el diseño de programas de Educación para la Carrera, con más sesiones, buscando mayor alcance y resul-tados más efectivos en el tiempo

Longitudinal associations between positive attributes and psychopathology and their interactive effects on educational outcomes.

Psychopathology is associated with impaired learning and early termination of schooling, whereas positive attributes are associated with better educational outcomes. However, it is important to understand if and how psychopathology and positive attributes longitudinally impact each other so we could shed light on where to intervene to promote educational outcomes through these constructs. A large prospective school-based community cohort of youths (5-15 years of age, 45% female) were assessed and followed up for 3 years (n = 2010; 80% retention). We assessed the longitudinal impact of positive attributes (Youth Strength Inventory) and psychopathology (bifactor model of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) using a cross-lagged panel model. We also used generalized mixed effects models to investigate how these both constructs predict school dropout and literacy, adjusting for confounders and testing their interaction. Positive attributes negatively predicted, and were negatively predicted by, the general factor of psychopathology and conduct problems in the cross-lagged panel model. Positive attributes (OR = 0.57, 95% CI [0.44, 0.73], p < 0.001) and specific conduct symptoms (OR = 2.33, 95% CI [1.64, 3.33], p < 0.001) predicted school dropout, whereas the general factor of psychopathology predicted lower literacy ability (ß = - 0.08, 95% CI [- 0.11, - 0.05], p < 0.001). However, the protective association of positive attributes on school dropout decreases as the general factor of psychopathology increases. These findings provide new evidence that positive attributes and psychopathology mutually influence each other over development and have interactive effects on educational outcomes.

Bodyweight and human capital development: Assessing the impact of obesity on socioemotional skills during childhood in Chile.

This article analyzes the effect of bodyweight on socioemotional skills for children aged two to 12 years in Chile. Using an instrumental variable approach and a representative survey, we show that both BMI and obesity are causality related to children's socioemotional development, even after assuming that our instrument is imperfect. Although we did not find significant differences between boys and girls, we do identify heterogeneous effects by age: the weight penalty for girls starts earlier than for boys. Our findings suggest that early interventions for childhood obesity not only might generate positive impacts on children's health, but also a greater accumulation of non-cognitive human capital in the future.

Mothers' competence profiles and their relation to language and socioemotional development in Chilean children at 12 and 30 months.

The study of early parental competences is relevant because such competences are related to children's development; however, most studies have considered competences using a variable-centered approach in which each parental competence is examined in isolation. This paper approaches these competences using a person-centered approach, generating profiles that combine different competences in Chilean mothers assessed when their children were aged 12 months and again at 30 months. The aim of this study was to generate and compare these profiles and to analyze the associations of these profiles with children's language and socioemotional skills. Mother-child interactions in the contexts of storytelling and free play were videotaped at two different times. Ninety mother-child dyads were assessed using the Adult Sensitivity Scale (E.S.A.), the Evaluation of the Mentalization of Significant Caregivers, the Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO), Bayley's language scale and the Functional Emotional Assessment Scale (FEAS). Profiles of mothers' behaviors were identified through person-centered within-group analyses of six aspects: sensitivity, mentalization, affection, responsiveness, encouragement, and teaching. Cluster analyses yielded three similar profiles for mothers at both ages: highly competent, average competent, and poorly competent. The mothers' profiles were related to maternal age, socioeconomic status (SES) and educational level, and the mothers improved their profiles at the 30-month assessment. The mothers' profiles were related to children's language and socioemotional outcomes at both ages. These results and their applicability to promotion and intervention programs are discussed.

Competências socioemocionais: análise da produção científica nacional e internacional / Socioemotional skills: analysis of brazilian and international scientific production

As competências socioemocionais têm sido, cada vez mais, foco de estudos desenvolvidos nas mais diversas áreas. Considerando-se sua relevância nos resultados pessoais, educacionais e laborais, o presente estudo buscou realizar uma análise da produção científica nacional e internacional na temática. Uma consulta aos bancos de dados nacionais (SciELO, Pepsic e Banco de Teses e Dissertações da Capes) e ao banco internacional (Wiley Online Library), no período de 2011 a 2015, apontou a existência de 67 artigos, sendo a maior parte deles provenientes da base internacional (n=50). Os resultados mostraram, de maneira geral, oscilação no interesse pela temática ao longo do período analisado, focados na área da Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Educação. Cinco temas predominantes foram encontrados: aspectos sociais, características de personalidade, fatores de risco e proteção no desenvolvimento, indicadores de sucesso escolar e profissional e aspectos cognitivos. A maior parte dos trabalhos eram de natureza empírica e fizeram uso de 23 diferentes instrumentos, notadamente em amostras de crianças. O número pequeno de estudos nacionais apontou para uma temática que merece ser mais bem explorada, notadamente pela Psicologia e pela área da avaliação psicológica.

Socioemotional competences have increasingly been the focus of studies carried out in several areas. Considering their relevance in personal, educational and professional results, the present study sought to make an analysis of the Brazilian and international scientific production in this area. A search in national databases (SciELO, Pepsic and Banco de Teses e Dissertações da Capes) and an international database (Wiley Online Library), from 2011 to 2015, pointed out the existence of 67 articles, most of which from the international database (n = 50). Overall, the results showed an oscillation in the interest in the theme over the analyzed period, focused on the area of ​​Developmental and Educational Psychology. Five predominant themes were found: social aspects, personality characteristics, risk and protection developmental factors, indicators of school and professional success, and cognitive aspects. Most of the studies were empirical and made use of 23 different instruments, notably in samples of children. The small number of Brazilian studies suggests a topic that deserves to be better explored, notably by Psychology and the field of psychological assessment.

Socioemotional skills between 12 and 30 months of age on Chilean children: When do the competences of adults matter?

Due to the rapid growth in early socioemotional skills during the first three years of life, significant variations in socioemotional development begin early and increase with time. Family competences as sensitivity and mentalization, contribute to differences among children of the same age. This study examines whether the level of socioemotional skills is stable or changes between 12 and 30 months of age, and whether primary caregiver sensitivity and mentalization, as well as educational level, are associated with changes in the level of socioemotional skills. One hundred and three Chilean children were evaluated. The results showed a significant change in socioemotional level between 12 and 30 months. Primary caregivers' sensitivity was associated with socioemotional skills at 12 months of age, and caregivers' educational levels was the strongest predictor. At 30 months, caregivers' sensitivity and educational level did not contribute additional influence, and only child socioemotional skills reported at 12 months acted as a predictor. Results indicate that family competences contribute to infants' socioemotional development in the first year of life, which subsequently influences their later skills.