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1.
J Pediatr ; 274: 114193, 2024 Jul 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39004172

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore racially minoritized families' perceptions on how, and if, physicians should address children's racial identity and concepts of racism within clinical settings. STUDY DESIGN: Parents of racially minoritized children, ages 5 through 18, were interviewed to explore experiences with racial identity formation, discrimination, and the extent to which they wanted pediatricians to address these topics. Children were included at the discretion of their parents. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed through a critical race theory lens based in constructivist grounded theory. RESULTS: Parents encouraged their children to embrace their racial identities but also wanted to shield them from negative experiences of racism to preserve identity safety. Parents felt pediatricians should address racial issues in a manner specific to their child's situation. Thoughtful inclusion of race-related questions, whether in discussion or on questionnaires, is essential to prevent tension in a therapeutic relationship. There was no consensus on the use of preclinical screening. Instead, families highlighted the importance of embracing humility, trust, and respect. CONCLUSIONS: Participant families have preferences for approaches to address the effects of racism on their children's health. Pediatricians should understand the importance of identity safety and approach their discussions with cultural humility, which includes self-reflection, empathy, active listening, and flexible negotiation. Above all, pediatricians need to create a safe environment for appropriate discussion of these issues.

2.
Medwave ; 24(5): e2920, 2024 Jun 04.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38833661

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Research on psychiatric deinstitutionalization has neglected that reforms in this field are nested in a health system that has undergone financial reforms. This subordination could introduce incentives that are misaligned with new mental health policies. According to Chile's National Mental Health Plan, this would be the case in the Community Mental Health Centers (CMHC). The goal is to understand how the CMHCpayment mechanism is a potential incentive for community mental health. Methods: A mixed quantitative-qualitative convergent study using grounded theory. We collected administrative production data between 2010 and 2020. Following the payment mechanism theory, we interviewed 25 payers, providers, and user experts. We integrated the results through selective coding. This article presents the relevant results of mixed selective integration. Results: Seven payment mechanisms implemented heterogeneously in the country's CMHC are recognized. They respond to three schemes subject to rate limits and prospective public budget. They differ in the payment unit. They are associated with implementing the community mental health model negatively affecting users, the services provided, the human resources available, and the governance adopted. Governance, management, and payment unit conditions favoring the community mental health model are identified. Conclusions: A disjointed set of heterogeneously implemented payment schemes negatively affects the community mental health model. Formulating an explicit financing policy for mental health that is complementary to existing policies is necessary and possible.


Introducción: La investigación sobre desinstitucionalización psiquiátrica ha descuidado el hecho que las reformas en este campo se anidan en un sistema de salud que se ha sometido a reformas financieras. Esta subordinación podría introducir incentivos desalineados con las nuevas políticas de salud mental. Según el Plan Nacional de Salud Mental de Chile, este sería el caso en los centros de salud mental comunitaria. El objetivo es comprender cómo el mecanismo de pago al centro de salud mental comunitaria es un potencial incentivo para la salud mental comunitaria. Métodos: Este es un estudio mixto cuantitativo-cualitativo convergente, que utiliza la teoría fundamentada. Recolectamos datos administrativos de producción entre 2010 y 2020. Siguiendo la teoría de mecanismo de pago, entrevistamos a 25 expertos de los ámbitos pagador, proveedor y usuario. Integramos los resultados a través de la codificación selectiva. Este artículo presenta los resultados relevantes de la integración selectiva mixta. Resultados: Reconocimos siete mecanismos de pago implementados heterogéneamente en los centros de salud mental comunitaria del país. Estos, responden a tres esquemas supeditados a límites de tarifa y presupuesto público prospectivo. Se diferencian en la unidad de pago. Se asocian con la implementación del modelo de salud mental comunitaria afectando negativamente a los usuarios, los servicios provistos, los recursos humanos disponibles, la gobernanza adoptada. Identificamos condiciones de gobernanza, gestión y unidad de pago que favorecerían el modelo de salud mental comunitaria. Conclusiones: Un conjunto desarticulado de esquemas de pago implementados heterogéneamente, tiene efectos negativos para el modelo de salud mental comunitaria. Es necesario y posible formular una política de financiación explícita para la salud mental complementaria a las políticas existentes.


Subject(s)
Community Mental Health Centers , Grounded Theory , Reimbursement Mechanisms , Chile , Humans , Community Mental Health Centers/economics , Community Mental Health Centers/organization & administration , Health Policy , Deinstitutionalization/economics , Health Care Reform , Community Mental Health Services/economics , Community Mental Health Services/organization & administration
3.
J Clin Med ; 13(11)2024 May 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38892941

ABSTRACT

Background/Objectives: Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is a chronic degenerative rheumatic disease. Because of its chronic nature, it significantly affects the quality of life of those who suffer from it. Methods: This qualitative study investigated disease experience among women suffering from SS to understand its impact on their overall well-being. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 women who suffer from SS. Interviews were analyzed using the Grounded Theory methodology, using open, axial, and selective coding. Results: Three central phenomena of disease experience were identified: invisibility; uncontrollability; and unpredictability. Conclusions: SS disease experience has a strong imprint on emotional well-being and sense of self-control among middle-aged women. Understanding SS impacts on women's lives is important to better understand the disease and contribute to recognizing potential areas of management and social support in relevant windows of opportunity within the health-disease continuum.

4.
Medwave ; 24(5): e2920, jun. 2024. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1570703

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La investigación sobre desinstitucionalización psiquiátrica ha descuidado el hecho que las reformas en este campo se anidan en un sistema de salud que se ha sometido a reformas financieras. Esta subordinación podría introducir incentivos desalineados con las nuevas políticas de salud mental. Según el Plan Nacional de Salud Mental de Chile, este sería el caso en los centros de salud mental comunitaria. El objetivo es comprender cómo el mecanismo de pago al centro de salud mental comunitaria es un potencial incentivo para la salud mental comunitaria. MÉTODOS: Este es un estudio mixto cuantitativo-cualitativo convergente, que utiliza la teoría fundamentada. Recolectamos datos administrativos de producción entre 2010 y 2020. Siguiendo la teoría de mecanismo de pago, entrevistamos a 25 expertos de los ámbitos pagador, proveedor y usuario. Integramos los resultados a través de la codificación selectiva. Este artículo presenta los resultados relevantes de la integración selectiva mixta. RESULTADOS: Reconocimos siete mecanismos de pago implementados heterogéneamente en los centros de salud mental comunitaria del país. Estos, responden a tres esquemas supeditados a límites de tarifa y presupuesto público prospectivo. Se diferencian en la unidad de pago. Se asocian con la implementación del modelo de salud mental comunitaria afectando negativamente a los usuarios, los servicios provistos, los recursos humanos disponibles, la gobernanza adoptada. Identificamos condiciones de gobernanza, gestión y unidad de pago que favorecerían el modelo de salud mental comunitaria. CONCLUSIONES: Un conjunto desarticulado de esquemas de pago implementados heterogéneamente, tiene efectos negativos para el modelo de salud mental comunitaria. Es necesario y posible formular una política de financiación explícita para la salud mental complementaria a las políticas existentes.


INTRODUCTION: Research on psychiatric deinstitutionalization has neglected that reforms in this field are nested in a health system that has undergone financial reforms. This subordination could introduce incentives that are misaligned with new mental health policies. According to Chile's National Mental Health Plan, this would be the case in the Community Mental Health Centers (CMHC). The goal is to understand how the CMHCpayment mechanism is a potential incentive for community mental health. METHODS: A mixed quantitative-qualitative convergent study using grounded theory. We collected administrative production data between 2010 and 2020. Following the payment mechanism theory, we interviewed 25 payers, providers, and user experts. We integrated the results through selective coding. This article presents the relevant results of mixed selective integration. RESULTS: Seven payment mechanisms implemented heterogeneously in the country's CMHC are recognized. They respond to three schemes subject to rate limits and prospective public budget. They differ in the payment unit. They are associated with implementing the community mental health model negatively affecting users, the services provided, the human resources available, and the governance adopted. Governance, management, and payment unit conditions favoring the community mental health model are identified. CONCLUSIONS: A disjointed set of heterogeneously implemented payment schemes negatively affects the community mental health model. Formulating an explicit financing policy for mental health that is complementary to existing policies is necessary and possible.


Subject(s)
Humans , Reimbursement Mechanisms , Community Mental Health Centers/economics , Community Mental Health Centers/organization & administration , Grounded Theory , Chile , Health Care Reform , Community Mental Health Services/economics , Community Mental Health Services/organization & administration , Deinstitutionalization/economics , Health Policy
5.
Heliyon ; 10(7): e28369, 2024 Apr 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38571660

ABSTRACT

Background: The worldwide community has shown significant interest in researching the management of Long COVID. However, there is scarce evidence about the daily experiences of people living with Long COVID and their insights into the healthcare services provided to them. Aims: This study aims to understand the experience of Long COVID sufferers with their symptoms and in accessing health services. Method: We employed Charmaz's grounded theory methodology, informed by constructivism, and applied the COREQ guidelines for qualitative research. Sixty-six Brazilians living with Long COVID participated in the study. The data was collected using semi-structured telephone interviews and analyzed using a constant comparative process. Findings: The findings refer firstly to the consequences of persistent Long COVID symptoms. Secondly, they describe how the disease trajectory required Long COVID sufferers to reorganize their routines and develop adaptive strategies. Lastly, they reflect a diverse array of both positive and negative interactions inside the healthcare system conveyed by individuals suffering from Long COVID. These elements converge towards the core category of the study: "The limbo of Long COVID sufferers: between the persistence of symptoms and access to health services". Conclusions: Long COVID is characterized by its varied nature, including a range of physical and emotional repercussions experienced by individuals. There is a need for enhanced comprehension and discourse about Long COVID across several domains, including the general public, policy-making entities, and healthcare professionals. In this sense, the development of specialized services or the reinforcement of existing services to support long COVID sufferers is imperative.

6.
Aust Crit Care ; 37(4): 606-613, 2024 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38360471

ABSTRACT

A qualitative study that provides evidence of the institutional support required by intensive care unit (ICU) nurses as second victims of adverse events (AEs). BACKGROUND: The phenomenon of second victims of AE in healthcare professionals can seriously impact professional confidence and contribute to the ongoing occurrence of AEs in hospitals. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe the coping trajectories of second victims among nurses working in ICUs in public hospitals in Chile. METHODS: Conducting qualitative research through the grounded theory method, this study focused on high-complexity hospitals in Chile, using theoretical sampling. The participants consisted of 11 nurses working in ICUs. Techniques used included in-depth interviews conducted between March and May 2023, as well as a focus group interview. Analysis, following the grounded theory approach proposed by Strauss and Corbin, involved constant comparison of data. Open, axial, and selective coding were applied until theoretical data saturation was achieved. The study adhered to reliability and authenticity criteria, incorporating a reflexive process throughout the research. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee, and the study adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. RESULTS: From the interviews, 29 codes were identified, forming six categories: perception of support when facing an AE, perception of helplessness when facing an AE, initiators of AE, responses when facing an AE, professional responsibility, and perception of AE. The perception of support when facing an AE emerged as the main category, determining whether the outcome was stagnation or overcoming of the phenomenon after the AE. CONCLUSIONS: For the coping process of ICU nurses following an AE, the most crucial factor is the support from colleagues and supervisors.


Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Critical Care Nursing , Grounded Theory , Intensive Care Units , Interviews as Topic , Qualitative Research , Humans , Female , Male , Adult , Chile , Focus Groups , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Medical Errors/psychology , Middle Aged
7.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e270693, 2024. tab, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1420716

ABSTRACT

Despite the adverse effects of late spring frost on the ecological and economic impact on agriculture, the management of these events are poorly investigated. Therefore, the grounded theory was used for extracting the livelihood stabilization model of orchardists on the shores of Lake Urmia against late spring frosts. The statistical population of this study in the qualitative part included 22 experts in the field of horticulture. In the quantitative study, they included all orchardists in the villages along with Lake Urmia, comprising 341 people, of which 236 were randomly selected. By carefully examining and linking the concepts and subcategories, the most important subcategories that were included six subcategories. The results of all calculated goodness-of-fit indexes (chi-square [P > 0.01], RMSEA = 0.000, NFI = 0.95, CFI = 0.91, and GFI = 0.92) showed the model provided an excellent fit for the data. Standardized regression coefficients showed that interfering factors had the greatest impact on the livelihood of orchardists against late spring frosts (ß = 0.47). Also, the background factors (ß = 0.43) and causal factors (ß = 0.39) were found to affect the livelihood of the orchardists in encountering late spring frost. The results of multiple square correlations of dependent variables also indicated that about 41% of the livelihood variance of small-scale orchardists was explained by the predictor variables (i.e. causal conditions, background factors and interfering factors). The findings of this study can assist policymakers, planners and relevant managers while paying more attention to orchardists in the region, so as to support decisions in order to achieve sustainable development.


Apesar dos efeitos adversos das geadas do final da primavera no impacto ecológico e econômico na agricultura, o manejo desses eventos é pouco investigado. Portanto, a teoria fundamentada foi utilizada para extrair o modelo de estabilização dos meios de subsistência dos pomares nas margens do Lago Urmia contra as geadas do final da primavera. A população estatística deste estudo na parte qualitativa incluiu 22 especialistas na área de horticultura. O estudo quantitativo incluiu todos os fruticultores nas aldeias junto ao Lago Urmia, compreendendo 341 pessoas, das quais 236 foram selecionadas aleatoriamente. Ao examinar cuidadosamente e vincular os conceitos e subcategorias, as subcategorias mais importantes que foram incluídas em outras 6 subcategorias. Os resultados de todos os índices de qualidade de ajuste calculados (qui-quadrado [P > 0,01], RMSEA = 0,000, NFI = 0,95, CFI = 0,91 e GFI = 0,92) mostraram que o modelo forneceu um excelente ajuste para os dados. Os coeficientes de regressão padronizados mostraram que os fatores interferentes tiveram o maior impacto sobre a subsistência dos pomares contra as geadas do final da primavera (ß = 0,47). Além disso, descobriu-se que os fatores de fundo (ß = 0,43) e os fatores causais (ß = 0,39) afetam o sustento dos pomares ao enfrentarem geadas no final da primavera. Os resultados de múltiplas correlações quadradas de variáveis dependentes também indicaram que cerca de 41% da variância dos meios de subsistência de pequenos pomares foi explicada pelas variáveis preditoras, ou seja, condições causais, fatores de fundo e fatores interferentes. Os resultados deste estudo podem auxiliar os formuladores de políticas, planejadores e gestores relevantes, dando mais atenção aos pomares da região, de modo a apoiar as decisões a fim de alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável.


Subject(s)
Seasons , Snow , 24444 , Lakes
8.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 32: e4095, 2024. graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1530195

ABSTRACT

Objective: to understand the meaning attributed by men to the experience of caring for their family member with cancer and to develop a substantive theory that represents the experience of men caring for their family member with cancer. Method: this is qualitative research guided by the methodological framework of Grounded Theory and the precepts of Symbolic Interactionism. A form with identification and interview data was used. The analysis followed the substantive and theoretical coding stages. Results: 12 male caregivers of their family member with cancer participated. The constant comparative analysis of the data allowed the creation of a substantive theory "Experiencing the care of a family member with cancer: men as a caregivers" explaining the experience that has as its central category "The love that drives care", representing the symbolic actions and attitudes of men living in the context of illness due to cancer and care Conclusion: the theory allowed us to understand feelings, perceptions, ways of acting and facing the diagnosis, providing care, recognizing difficulties and learning from the situations that arise, making explicit the interactional processes and symbolic elements present and how these influence male caregivers in their actions and attitudes.


Objetivo: comprender el significado atribuido por los hombres a la experiencia de asistir a un familiar con cáncer y desarrollar una teoría sustantiva que represente la experiencia de los hombres acerca de dicho cuidado. Método: se trata de una investigación cualitativa guiada por el marco metodológico de la Teoría Fundamentada y los preceptos del Interaccionismo Simbólico. Se utilizó un formulario con datos de identificación y entrevista. El análisis siguió las etapas de codificación sustantiva y teórica. Resultados: participaron 12 hombres cuidadores de un familiar con cáncer. El constante análisis comparativo de los datos permitió elaborar una teoría sustantiva "Vivenciando el cuidado de un familiar con cáncer: el hombre como cuidador" explicando la experiencia que tiene como categoría central "El amor que impulsa el cuidado", representando la acciones y actitudes simbólicas del hombre que vive en el contexto de enfermedad por cáncer y sus cuidados. Conclusión: la teoría permitió comprender los sentimientos, percepciones, formas de actuar y afrontar el diagnóstico, brindar cuidados, reconocer dificultades y aprender de las situaciones que se presentan, explicitando los procesos de interacción y elementos simbólicos presentes y cómo influyen en los hombres cuidadores en sus acciones y actitudes.


Objetivo: apreender o significado atribuído pelos homens à vivência do cuidado ao seu familiar com câncer e elaborar uma teoria substantiva que represente a vivência de homens no cuidado ao seu familiar com câncer. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa norteada pelo referencial metodológico da Teoria Fundamentado nos Dados e pelos preceitos do Interacionismo Simbólico. Utilizouse formulário com dados de identificação e entrevista. A análise seguiu as etapas de codificação substantiva e teórica. Resultados: participaram 12 homens cuidadores de seu familiar com câncer. A análise comparativa constante dos dados permitiu a elaboração de uma teoria substantiva "Vivenciando o cuidado de um familiar com câncer: o homem como cuidador" explicativa da vivência que tem como categoria central "O amor que conduz o cuidar", representando as ações e atitudes simbólicas do homem ao viver no contexto do adoecimento por câncer e do cuidado. Conclusão: a teoria permitiu conhecer os sentimentos, percepções, modos de agir e enfrentar o diagnóstico, desempenhar o cuidado, reconhecer as dificuldades e aprender com as situações que se apresentam, deixando explícito os processos interacionais e os elementos simbólicos presentes e como estes influenciam os homens cuidadores em suas ações e atitudes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Caregivers , Grounded Theory , Symbolic Interactionism , Neoplasms/therapy
9.
Rev. bras. enferm ; Rev. bras. enferm;77(1): e20230225, 2024. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1559457

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to learn the meanings attributed to pregnancy loss by women with Lupus. Method: qualitative research, based on Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory. Data collection took place between January and August 2022 through in-depth interviews. Data analysis went through the stages of initial and focused coding. Results: seventeen women participated. The central phenomenon "The climb to motherhood: falls and overcoming" was constructed, consisting of three categories: "Falling to the ground during the climb: the experience of pregnancy loss"; "Getting up and following the path: new attempts to conceive"; and "Remembering the journey: meanings attributed to pregnancy losses". Final considerations: experiencing pregnancy is, analogously, like climbing a mountain, where obstacles need to be overcome to reach the summit. The experience of pregnancy loss is seen as complex, especially when there is fragility in healthcare and a lack of awareness regarding feelings of loss and grief.


RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender los significados atribuidos a la pérdida del embarazo por mujeres con Lupus. Método: investigación cualitativa, basada en el Interaccionismo Simbólico y la Teoría Fundamentada en Datos. La recolección de datos se realizó entre enero y agosto de 2022, mediante entrevistas en profundidad. El análisis de datos pasó por las etapas de codificación inicial y focalizada. Resultados: participaron 17 mujeres. Se construyó el fenómeno central "La subida a la maternidad: caídas y superación", conformado por tres categorías: "Caer al suelo durante la subida: la experiencia de la pérdida del embarazo"; "Levantarse y seguir el camino: nuevos intentos de concebir"; y "Recordando el viaje: significados atribuidos a las pérdidas de embarazos". Consideraciones finales: vivir el embarazo es, análogamente, como escalar una montaña, donde es necesario superar obstáculos para llegar a la cima. La experiencia de la pérdida del embarazo se considera compleja, especialmente cuando hay fragilidad en la atención de salud y falta de conciencia sobre los sentimientos de pérdida y duelo.


RESUMO Objetivo: apreender os significados atribuídos à perda gestacional por mulheres com lúpus. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, pautada no Interacionismo Simbólico e na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre janeiro e agosto de 2022, mediante entrevistas em profundidade. A análise de dados percorreu as etapas de codificação inicial e focalizada. Resultados: participaram 17 mulheres. Construiu-se o fenômeno central "A escalada da maternidade: quedas e superações", constituído por três categorias: "Caindo ao chão durante a subida: a vivência da perda gestacional"; "Levantando e seguindo o caminho: novas tentativas de gestar"; e "Rememorando o percurso: significados atribuídos às perdas gestacionais". Considerações finais: vivenciar a gestação é, analogicamente, como escalar uma montanha, onde obstáculos precisam ser vencidos até o alcance do cume. A vivência de perdas gestacionais é significada como complexa, em especial quando há fragilidade na assistência à saúde e falta de sensibilização diante dos sentimentos de perda e luto.

10.
Cogitare Enferm. (Online) ; 29: e91356, 2024.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1564407

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Objetivo: identificar fatores que interferiram na atenção puerperal em uma região de fronteira na vigência da pandemia da COVID-19. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, tendo como referencial metodológico a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Desenvolvida na atenção primária, em região de tríplice fronteira, Brasil, Argentina e Paraguai, com 30 participantes entre puérperas, profissionais de saúde e gestores. Coleta e análise de dados entre agosto de 2021 e maio de 2022, seguindo as etapas de codificação aberta, axial e seletiva, conforme a perspectiva straussiana. Resultados: identificaram-se quatro subcategorias: "acessando as unidades de saúde", "entendendo a visita domiciliar e a busca ativa", "tendo insuficiência de compartilhamento de informações na rede de atenção" e "evidenciando um sistema de saúde sobrecarregado". Conclusão: constatou-se que a maioria dos fatores que interferiu no atendimento das puérperas já existia, sendo agravados pela pandemia. Recomenda-se instituição de medidas que garantam compartilhamento de informações e contrarreferência em tempo oportuno.


ABSTRACT Objective: To identify factors that have interfered with puerperal care in a border region during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: qualitative research, using Grounded Theory as a methodological reference. It was developed in primary care in the triple border region of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay, with 30 participants, including puerperal women, health professionals, and managers. According to the Straussian perspective, data collection and analysis were collected between August 2021 and May 2022, following the stages of open, axial, and selective coding. Results: four subcategories were identified: "accessing health units", "understanding home visits and active search", "having insufficient information sharing in the care network" and "showing an overloaded health system". Conclusion: it was found that most of the factors that interfered with puerperal women's care already existed and were aggravated by the pandemic. It is recommended that measures be put in place to guarantee the sharing of information and timely counter-referrals.


RESUMEN: Objetivo: identificar factores que interfirieron en la atención posparto en una región fronteriza durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: investigación cualitativa, utilizando como marco metodológico la Teoría Fundamentada. Desarrollado en atención primaria, en una región de la triple frontera, Brasil, Argentina y Paraguay, con 30 participantes entre mujeres puerperales, profesionales de la salud y directivos. Recopilación y análisis de datos entre agosto de 2021 y mayo de 2022, siguiendo las etapas de codificación abierta, axial y selectiva, según la perspectiva straussiana. Resultados: se identificaron cuatro subcategorías: "acceso a las unidades de salud", "comprensión de las visitas domiciliarias y búsqueda activa", "intercambio de información insuficiente en la red de atención" y "evidencia de un sistema de salud sobrecargado". Conclusión: se encontró que la mayoría de los factores que interfirieron en el cuidado de las mujeres puerperales ya existían, siendo agravados por la pandemia. Se recomienda implementar medidas que garanticen el intercambio de información y la contrarreferencia de manera oportuna.

11.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 34: e34010, 2024. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1564906

ABSTRACT

Resumo A profilaxia pré-exposição ao HIV (PrEP) no Brasil é uma das estratégias da prevenção combinada aprovada para incorporação no SUS em 2017. Dada a sua importância, este artigo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar a incorporação da PrEP no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Para tanto, apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa, baseada nos pressupostos da Teoria Fundamentada em Dados. O processo de incorporação da PrEP no SUS foi apresentado em forma de figura, demonstrando as principais ações e argumentos de maneira cronológica. As principais categorias foram: atuação das organizações da sociedade civil e movimentos sociais; desenvolvimento das pesquisas; incorporação; implementação e ampliação da PrEP no Brasil; limites da prevenção focada no discurso sobre o uso do preservativo; principais temas de debate sobre PrEP; comunicação e níveis de informação; e contexto de desmonte das políticas de HIV/Aids. O conhecimento sobre os aspectos decisórios e de participação de atores interessados na trajetória da incorporação da PrEP pode contribuir em futuras experiências de incorporação e acesso de inovações à prevenção do HIV para as populações mais vulneráveis.


Abstract Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is an approved HIV combined prevention strategy incorporated in Brazil in 2017. Given its importance, this article aims to describe and analyze the incorporation of PrEP into the Unified Health System (SUS). The study presents a qualitative approach, based on Grounded Theory. PrEP incorporation process was presented through an explanatory figure, describing the main actions and arguments in a chronological manner. The main actions and arguments gathered into categories are the performance of civil society organizations and social movements; research development; incorporation; implementation and enhancement of PrEP in Brazil; limits of prevention focused on the discourse of condom use; key topics of debate on PrEP; communication and information levels; and context of dismantling of HIV/Aids policies. Knowledge about stakeholders' decision-making and participation aspects in PrEP incorporation trajectory can contribute to future experiences in incorporating and accessing HIV prevention innovations for the most vulnerable populations.

12.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 44: e259618, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1558747

ABSTRACT

A sobrevivência ao câncer de mama é um problema de saúde pública que demanda serviços especializados com foco na reabilitação psicossocial. Entre as necessidades identificadas nesse contexto está o incentivo à adoção de estratégias de promoção de autocuidados pelas mulheres. Uma das estratégias adotadas consiste no grupo de apoio psicológico, que auxilia as pacientes a enfrentar a longa jornada do tratamento. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é compreender os significados produzidos por mulheres com câncer de mama sobre sua participação em um grupo de apoio. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório realizado com dez mulheres com câncer de mama usuárias de um serviço de reabilitação para mastectomizadas. Como referencial metodológico foi utilizada a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista aberta em profundidade e os conteúdos foram transcritos e codificados. A análise indutiva e o método de comparação constante foram aplicados nos processos de codificação aberta, axial e seletiva, que permitiram identificar três categorias nucleares: percepção das atividades realizadas no grupo, identificação de benefícios e barreiras do convívio no grupo e transformações decorrentes da participação. As participantes significaram sua presença no grupo como fonte de acolhimento, apoio, desenvolvimento de recursos pessoais e amizades, contribuindo para promover sua qualidade de sobrevida. Além dos potenciais benefícios, também foram identificadas barreiras que podem dificultar a adesão e continuidade da participação no grupo, o que sugere a necessidade de incorporar no cuidado um olhar para as dimensões subjetivas da saúde da mulher.(AU)


Surviving breast cancer is a public health problem and depends on services focused on psychosocial rehabilitation. Healthcare providers must encourage women to adopt strategies to promote their self-care. The psychological support group is a resource that helps women to face the long journey of treatment. This study aimed to understand the meanings women with breast cancer produced about their participation in a support group. This exploratory cross-sectional study was carried out with 10 women with breast cancer who use a rehabilitation service for mastectomized patients. Grounded Theory was used as a methodological reference. An open in-depth interview was applied for data collection. The contents were transcribed and coded. Inductive analysis and the constant comparison method were applied in the open, axial, and selective coding processes, which enabled the identification of three core categories: perception of the activities carried out in the group, identification of benefits and barriers of living in the group, and transformations resulting from participation. Participants denote their involvement with the group as a source of shelter, support, development of personal resources and friendships that helps promoting quality of life. Besides these potential benefits, participants also evinced barriers that can hinder adherence and continuity of participation in the group, suggesting the importance of incorporating a look at the subjective dimensions of women's health into care.(AU)


Sobrevivir al cáncer de mama es un problema de salud pública que depende de los servicios centrados en la rehabilitación psicosocial. Entre las necesidades identificadas en esta materia se encuentra el uso de estrategias para promover el autocuidado. Uno de los recursos que ayuda a afrontar el largo camino del tratamiento es el grupo de apoyo psicológico. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer los significados que producen las mujeres con cáncer de mama sobre su participación en un grupo de apoyo. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, realizado con diez mujeres con cáncer de mama usuarias de un servicio de rehabilitación para mastectomizadas. Como referencia metodológica se utilizó la teoría fundamentada en los datos. Se aplicó una entrevista abierta en profundidad para la recogida de datos, cuyos contenidos fueron transcritos y codificados. El análisis inductivo y el método de comparación constante se aplicaron en los procesos de codificación abierta, axial y selectiva, lo que permitió identificar tres categorías centrales: percepción de las actividades realizadas en el grupo, identificación de los beneficios y las barreras de vivir en el grupo y transformaciones resultantes de la participación. Las mujeres denotan su participación en el grupo como una fuente de acogida, apoyo, desarrollo de recursos personales y amistades, que ayuda a promover la calidad de vida. Además de los beneficios potenciales, también se identificaron barreras que pueden dificultar la adherencia y continuidad de la participación en el grupo, lo que sugiere la necesidad de incorporar en la atención una mirada centrada en las dimensiones subjetivas de la salud de las mujeres.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Psychotherapy, Group , Self-Help Groups , Breast Neoplasms , Mental Health , Grounded Theory , Oncology Nursing , Anxiety , Anxiety Disorders , Pathologic Processes , Patient Care Team , Personal Satisfaction , Physical Examination , Psychology , Psychomotor Performance , Radiotherapy , Relaxation , Religion , Self Care , Self-Care Units , Self Concept , Sleep Wake Disorders , Social Responsibility , Social Support , Socialization , Socioeconomic Factors , Stress, Physiological , Awareness , Yoga , Complementary Therapies , Breast Diseases , Activities of Daily Living , Cancer Care Facilities , Bereavement , Women's Health Services , Grief , Mammography , Biomarkers , Exercise , Mastectomy, Segmental , Family , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Survival Rate , Risk Factors , Morbidity , Mortality , Range of Motion, Articular , Self-Examination , Treatment Outcome , Panic Disorder , Mammaplasty , Breast Self-Examination , Comprehensive Health Care , Meditation , Chemoprevention , Life , Breast Implantation , Wit and Humor , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Hormone Replacement Therapy , Patient Freedom of Choice Laws , Crisis Intervention , Cysts , Personal Autonomy , Death , Information Dissemination , Interdisciplinary Communication , Heredity , Depression , Depressive Disorder , Diagnosis , Drug Therapy , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Emotions , Family Therapy , Early Detection of Cancer , Fatigue , Resilience, Psychological , Fertility , Molecular Targeted Therapy , Catastrophization , Chemoradiotherapy , Courage , Emotional Adjustment , Self-Control , Cancer Pain , Healthy Lifestyle , Surgical Oncology , Psychosocial Support Systems , Survivorship , Psycho-Oncology , Mentalization , Posttraumatic Growth, Psychological , Sadness , Emotional Regulation , Psychological Distress , Preoperative Exercise , Mentalization-Based Therapy , Family Support , Psychological Well-Being , Coping Skills , Emotional Exhaustion , Health Promotion , Holistic Health , Ancillary Services, Hospital , Immunotherapy , Leisure Activities , Life Change Events , Life Style , Mastectomy , Medical Oncology , Mental Disorders , Neoplasm Staging
13.
Rev. bras. enferm ; Rev. bras. enferm;77(supl.1): e20230122, 2024. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1569690

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the meanings attributed to the experiences of individuals after hospitalization for COVID-19. Methods: qualitative study, with a theoretical framework based on Symbolic Interactionism and a methodological approach grounded in Grounded Theory. Nineteen participants who had moderate and severe forms of COVID-19 after hospitalization were interviewed. Data collection took place between April and November 2021 through online interviews, and the data were analyzed using initial and focused coding in the MAXQDA software. Results: the data illustrate new meanings attributed to different aspects of life after hospitalization, including relationships with others, the environment, physical and mental health, finances, identity, and interactions with a new social reality. Conclusions: the meanings are intrinsically linked to the value of interpersonal relationships, the perception of their impact, and the consequences after hospitalization. This allows professionals to understand the importance of this information to improve care and prepare for future epidemics.


RESUMEN Objetivos: comprender los significados atribuídos a las experiencias vividas por indivíduos después de la hospitalización por COVID-19. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, con referencia teórica en el Interaccionismo Simbólico y metodológica en la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos. Se entrevistaron a 19 participantes con formas moderadas y graves de COVID-19 después de la hospitalización. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar entre abril y noviembre de 2021, mediante entrevistas en línea, y los datos se analizaron siguiendo la codificación inicial y focalizada, utilizando el software MAXQDA. Resultados: los datos ilustran nuevos significados en diferentes aspectos de la vida después de la hospitalización, tales como en la relación con otros, con el entorno, la salud física y mental, finanzas, identidad e interacciones con una nueva realidad social. Consideraciones Finales: los significados están intrínsecamente ligados a la valorización de las relaciones interpersonales, la percepción de su impacto y las consecuencias después de la hospitalización, permitiendo a los profesionales reconocer la importancia de esta información para mejorar el cuidado y prepararse para enfrentar futuras epidemias.


RESUMO Objetivos: compreender os significados atribuídos às experiências vivenciadas por indivíduos após hospitalização pela COVID-19. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, com referencial teórico no Interacionismo Simbólico e metodológico na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Foram entrevistados 19 participantes com a forma moderada e grave da COVID-19 após hospitalização. A coleta dos dados aconteceu entre abril e novembro de 2021, mediante entrevista online, e os dados foram analisados seguindo a codificação inicial e focalizada, no software MAXQDA. Resultados: os dados ilustram novos significados a diferentes aspectos da vida após hospitalização, sendo na relação com o outro, com o meio, com a saúde física e mental, finanças, identidade e interações com uma nova realidade social. Considerações Finais: os significados estão intrinsecamente ligados à valorização das relações interpessoais, à percepção de seu impacto e às consequências após hospitalização, permitindo aos profissionais perceber a importância dessas informações para melhorar o cuidado e se preparar para enfrentar futuras epidemias.

14.
Rev. gaúch. enferm ; Rev. gaúch. enferm;45: e20230141, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1569944

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the meanings attributed to pregnancy in the context of Lupus and antiphospholipid syndrome by women and healthcare professionals. Method: Qualitative research, using Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical framework and Grounded Theory, a constructivist perspective. Data were collected between January and August 2022, through online interviews with 27 women with Lupus located on the social network Facebook and in-person or remote interviews with 12 healthcare professionals. Results: The theoretical model constructed has two categories: "Equal conditions, distinct experiences: experiencing the gestational process" shows that obstetric complications and lack of connection with healthcare professionals trigger negative meanings to the experience; and "Therapeutic management interfering in the attribution of meanings to the experience", demonstrates that the way women interact with healthcare professionals and how they manage treatment favors a positive reframing. Final considerations: The meanings attributed to pregnancy are elaborated and modified according to the interpretation of previous and current experiences, healthcare trajectory and interactions with healthcare professionals. Previous guidance, planning, bonding and trust in healthcare professionals enable positive meanings, while obstetric complications, unqualified assistance and lack of bonding with professionals provide negative meanings.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender los significados atribuidos al embarazo en el contexto del Lupus y del síndrome antifosfolípido por mujeres y profesionales de la salud. Método: Investigación cualitativa, que utilizó como marco teórico el Interaccionismo simbólico y metodológico, la Teoría Fundamentada, una vertiente constructivista. Los datos fueron recolectados entre enero y agosto de 2022, a través de entrevistas online a 27 mujeres con Lupus ubicadas en la red social Facebook y entrevistas presenciales o remotas a 12 profesionales de la salud. Resultados: El modelo teórico construido tiene dos categorías: "Condiciones iguales, experiencias diferentes: vivir el proceso gestacional" muestra que las complicaciones obstétricas y la falta de conexión con los profesionales de la salud desencadenan significados negativos a la experiencia; y Gestión terapéutica interfiriendo en la atribución de significados", demuestra que la forma en que las mujeres interactúan con los profesionales de la salud y cómo conducen el tratamiento favorece la resignificación positiva.. Consideraciones finales: Los significados atribuidos al embarazo son elaborados y modificados según la interpretación de experiencias pasadas y actuales, trayectoria de atención e interacciones con profesionales de la salud. La orientación previa, la planificación, la vinculación y la confianza en los profesionales de la salud posibilitan significados positivos, mientras que las complicaciones obstétricas, la asistencia no calificada y la falta de vínculo con los profesionales proporcionan significados negativos.


RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender os significados atribuídos à gravidez, no contexto do Lúpus e da Síndrome Antifosfolípide, por mulheres e profissionais de saúde. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, que utilizou como referencial teórico o Interacionismo simbólico e metodológico, a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, vertente construtivista. Os dados foram coletados entre janeiro e agosto de 2022, mediante entrevistas on-line com 27 mulheres com Lúpus, localizadas na rede social Facebook e em entrevistas presenciais ou remotas com 12 profissionais de saúde. Resultados: O modelo teórico construído possui duas categorias: "Condições iguais, experiências distintas: vivenciando o processo gestacional" mostra que complicações obstétricas e ausência de vínculo com os profissionais de saúde desencadeiam significados negativos à experiência; e "O manejo terapêutico interferindo na atribuição dos significados à experiência" demonstra que a forma com que a mulher interage com os profissionais de saúde e conduz o tratamento favorece a ressignificação positiva. Considerações finais: Os significados atribuídos à gestação são elaborados e modificados conforme a interpretação de experiências anteriores e atuais, trajetória assistencial e interações com os profissionais de saúde. A orientação prévia, o planejamento, o vínculo e a confiança nos profissionais de saúde possibilitam significados positivos. Já, as complicações obstétricas, a assistência não qualificada e ausência de vínculo com os profissionais produzem significados negativos.

15.
Front Sociol ; 8: 1257776, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38108048

ABSTRACT

Background: Cancer has different explanatory theories that address its etiology and treatment. It is usually associated with pain and suffering. Recently, new technologies, knowledge, and therapies have been developed, which may have transformed the classic social representations of the disease. This study aimed to understand the social representations (SRs) of cancer in patients from Medellín, Colombia. Methods: This study used a grounded theory in 16 patients with cancer. The information was collected between June 2020 and May 2021. Information was analyzed following the open, axial, and selective coding stages. Results: SRs of cancer at the time of diagnosis evoke negative connotations. However, cancer is redefined as a positive event as the clinical course of the disease progresses, and patients interact with health professionals and respond to treatment. The resignification of the disease depends on the etiological models of the patients, which include genetic, socio-anthropological, psychosocial, and psychogenic factors. In line with the SRs of etiology, patients seek out treatments complementary to the biomedical ones that can be socio-anthropological and psychogenic. Conclusion: In this group negative representations about cancer persist, this way of understanding the disease is determined by the convergence of cultural meanings and personal experiences. The causal representation is connected to the actions and willingness of the patients to face their diagnosis. In this sense, two categories stand out: the first expresses that cancer is the consequence of a body subjected to excessive productivity; the second subsumes a psychogenic predisposition caused by the context where the ideology of happiness appears to be a social norm. This double saturation in which an individual is immersed results in new burdens that are not visible to caregivers and healthcare workers.

16.
Horiz. enferm ; (Número especial: Investigación y práctica en condiciones crónicas de salud): 193-207, 28 dic. 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing, MINSALCHILE | ID: biblio-1553525

ABSTRACT

El cáncer es una de las principales causas de mortalidad en la niñez y la adolescencia. Tanto el impacto biopsicosocial y espiritual que produce, puede llevar al niño a experimentar dolor y sufrimiento. OBJETIVO: Comprender aspectos comunes percibidos por la enfermera oncológica y como se relacionan en la valoración de un niño con dolor. MÉTODO: se trató de un estudio cualitativo con diseño de teoría fundamentada de datos según referencial metodológico de Strauss y Corbin. Por medio de muestreo teórico fueron seleccionados 13 participantes profesionales de enfermería pertenecientes a diferentes hospitales de Santiago de Chile. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad. El estudio se rigió por medio de los criterios de credibilidad, confirmabilidad y fidelidad de Guba y Lincoln. Los datos recolectados fueron transcritos posterior a cada entrevista y analizados en tres etapas: codificación abierta, axial y selectiva. RESULTADOS: para las enfermeras que trabajan en el área de oncología infantil, es central el cuidado entregado en el proceso de enfermedad del niño hospitalizado por cáncer, considerando aspectos como el perfil de las profesionales, las emociones, la capacitación, las reacciones frente a un niño con dolor y las relaciones que existe entre ellos. CONCLUSIONES: Existen aspectos que resultan común en las enfermeras que se desempeñan en oncología infantil y que producto de las relaciones existentes entre ellos, pueden inclinar a las profesionales a reconocer el dolor en los niños con cáncer desde diversas perspectivas.


Cancer is one of the main causes of mortality in childhood and adolescence. Both the biopsychosocial and spiritual impact it produces can lead the patient child to experience pain and suffering. OBJETIVE: To understand common aspects perceived by the oncology nurse and how they are related to the assessment of a child in pain. METHOD: We conducted a qualitative study with a grounded theory approach based on Strauss and Corbin's methodological framework. Through theoretical sampling, 13 nursing professionals who worked in different hospitals in Santiago, Chile were selected. Data collection took place through semi-structured, in-depth interviews. The study followed Guba and Lincoln's criteria for credibility, confirmability, and fidelity. The data collected was transcribed after each interview and analyzed in three stages: open, axial and selective coding. RESULTS: For nurses who work in pediatric oncology, the care provided throughout the illness process for the child is central, considering aspects such as the profile of the professionals, the emotions, training, reactions to a child in pain, and the relationship that exist amongst them. CONCLUSIONS: There are common aspects amongst nurses who work in pediatric oncology. Because of the relationships between them, these aspects can help professionals to recognize pain in children with cancer following diverse perspectives.

17.
Front Psychol ; 14: 1246887, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38022911

ABSTRACT

Introduction: This study aims to understand how new CEOs construct, revise, and maintain in their narrative, repertoire stories that represent their identity as it is associated with their new occupational role. Methods: For this purpose, we conducted a qualitative study using the Grounded Theory method, involving 47 CEOs from different sectors residing in Brazil. Results: Our results allowed for the construction of a central category called Storytelling Identity Work, which refers to stories that individuals tell about themselves, and enable them to propose and redefine who they are during major life transitions. This paper seeks to explain: (a) under what conditions this phenomenon tends to occur; (b) what characterizes the success of Storytelling Identity Work and; (c) what leads to the revision or retention of stories in the self. Our results show that storytelling identity work tends to be used by new CEOs during their transition period into the role, and when their new position involves higher levels of visibility and alteration of prestige levels in comparison to their previous position. They also suggest that storytelling identity work tends to be more successful when the stories are co-constructed and validated with other significant individuals and when they enable new CEOs to feel "sufficiently authentic" and "sufficiently impressive." Finally, we theorize that such feelings, along with a sense of coherence between the story being told and other narratives consciously or unconsciously being narrated by the interviewees throughout their lives, lead to the retention of the story within the individual's self. Discussion: This article innovates by connecting the literature on personal storytelling with identity work and exploring processes that are not only useful during the process of transitioning into the role of new CEOs but also influence the constitution of the narrative repertoire and, consequently, the identity of these individuals.

18.
Curitiba; s.n; 20231129. 215 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1551288

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Puerpério é o termo utilizado para designar o período que sucede ao parto. Trata-se, no entanto, para além de um período de tempo, um momento com características peculiares, de transformações intensas e desafiadoras, tanto de cunho pessoal, quanto para o grupo social que o experiencia conjuntamente, a família. E por considerar este grupo social como significante nesse período é que este estudo busca compreender o significado da experiência do puerpério para as famílias; bem como desenvolver uma teoria substantiva representativa que explicite esta experiência; e propor contribuições para nortear o cuidado em saúde às famílias durante o puerpério. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo interpretativista, que adotou como referencial metodológico a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados em sua corrente Corbiniana e, como aporte teórico, a perspectiva do Interacionismo Simbólico. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre fevereiro de 2021 e dezembro de 2022, mediante construção de genogramas, ecomapas e entrevistas, realizados com 39 membros de 14 famílias que experienciavam o puerpério não patológico, distribuídas em dois grupos amostrais. Os dados foram organizados com o apoio do software NVivo®, apoiados pela construção de memorandos, diagramas, através da codificação dos dados nas seguintes etapas: aberta, axial e integrativa. Seus resultados levaram ao desenvolvimento da teoria substantiva "A experiência do puerpério para as famílias: uma travessia", representada pelo conceito central "Atravessando o puerpério", que se sustenta em 35 elementos, 9 subconceitos e 3 conceitos: "Identificando a etapa do puerpério"; "Movendo-se por mudanças intensas e desafios", e "Transformando-se no decorrer da travessia". Posteriormente à sua elaboração, a teoria passou por validação com representantes de três famílias que estavam percorrendo o puerpério. Percebeu-se que para as famílias o puerpério é singular, mas construído a partir das interações sociais que se desenvolvem ao longo da vida dos membros da família e incorre em transformações diversas, impactantes e acumulativas, tanto em nível pessoal, como social. Assim, sugere-se que a atuação dos profissionais de saúde no puerpério seja centrada na família e nas interações ocorridas dentro dela, de forma a contemplar as especificidades de cada contexto social em que as pessoas envolvidas se movem e interagem para superar a crise suscitada pela adição de seu novo integrante, conforme proposições no texto. Para viabilizar essa concepção ampliada do cuidar no puerpério, indica-se que isso aconteça através de diretrizes na formação profissional, enquanto conteúdo de disciplina/curso em áreas de concentração pertinentes, assim como, na prática por meio de educação permanente aos profissionais, bem como na construção de políticas públicas que superem um olhar do puerpério como um momento fisiológico, para integrar a percepção de seu cunho social. Almeja-se que essa construção teórica possa alcançar gestores, líderes, profissionais e famílias e que desperte o desejo de trocas profícuas em favor da melhoria da atenção à saúde às famílias em todas as ocasiões em que elas estiverem atravessando o puerpério.


Abstract: Postpartum is the term used to designate the period following childbirth. It is, nevertheless, not only a period of time, but a moment of singular characteristics, of intense and challenging transformation, both on a personal basis as for the social group experiencing it together, the family. By considering this social group as significant in this period, this study aims to understand the meaning of the postpartum experience for family members; to develop a representative substantive theory to explicate this experience; and to propose contributions to guide the healthcare of the families during postpartum. A qualitative research, of an interpretative nature, which adopted as methodological reference Corbin's Grounded Theory and, as theoretical contribution, the Symbolic Interactionism perspective. Data collection occurred between February 2021 and December 2022, through the design of genograms, ecomaps and interviews, conducted with 39 members of 14 families who experienced non-pathological postpartum, distributed into two sample groups. Data was organized using the NVivo® software, supported by the creation of memoranda, diagrams, through the coding of data in the following stages: open, axial and integrative. The results led to the development of the substantive theory "The postpartum experience for families: a journey", represented by the core concept "A journey through postpartum", which is based on 35 elements, 9 sub-concepts and 3 concepts: "Identifying the postpartum period"; "Moving through intense changes and challenges", and "Transforming oneself in the course of the journey". After its preparation, the theory was validated by representatives of three families who were going through the postpartum period. It was observed that for these families, postpartum is singular, but built from social interactions that were developed throughout the lives of the family members and results in various, impactful and cumulative transformations, both personally and socially. Accordingly, it is suggested that the work of health professionals be centered on the family and on interactions that occur within it, in order to consider the specificities of each social context in which the people involved move and interact in order to overcome any crises raised by the addition of a new member, according to the propositions of the text. To enable this expanded conception of healthcare during postpartum, this should occur through guidelines during professional training, as discipline/course content in pertinent areas of concentration, as well as during practice, through continued education for professionals, and the development of public policies overcoming the perspective of postpartum as a physiological moment, integrating the perception of its social nature. It is hoped that this theoretical construct may reach managers, leaders, professionals and families, awakening the will for fruitful exchanges in favor of improving the healthcare of families in their journey through the postpartum.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Family , Family Health , Delivery of Health Care , Postpartum Period , Social Interaction , Family Support
19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37569028

ABSTRACT

Worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic represented a health emergency for prisons. This study sought to understand the meanings and experiences through the narratives of prisoners and family members affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of a maximum-security state penitentiary complex in southern Brazil. For this purpose, a qualitative study was developed based on the methodological framework of constructivist grounded theory. Data were collected between February and August 2022 through individual in-depth interviews and field notes. The sample consisted of 41 participants: 28 male prisoners, and 13 family members. Guided by the Charmaz method of grounded theory analysis, the study afforded the core category "Feeling trapped in prison during the COVID-19 pandemic" with three interrelated phases: "Triggering", "Escalating", and "Readjustment". The "Triggering" phase refers to COVID-19-related elements or events that triggered certain reactions, processes, or changes in prison. During the "Escalating" phase, participants became overwhelmed by the suffering caused by incarceration and the pandemic crisis. The "Readjustment" phase involved adapting, reorienting, or reformulating previous approaches or strategies for dealing with a specific situation. Prisons faced complex challenges during the pandemic and were forced to prioritize protecting public health. However, the measures adopted must be carefully evaluated, ensuring their needs and that they are based on scientific evidence. The punitive approach can undermine inmate trust in prison authorities, making it difficult to report symptoms and adhere to preventive measures.

20.
Article in Portuguese | SaludCR, LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1520872

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O Cuidado Paliativo domiciliar, aliado ao trabalho multiprofissional e à presença de um cuidador familiar, possibilita a produção de autonomia e de alternativas criativas no cuidado. Objetivo: Compreender as condições relacionadas ao tornar-se cuidador familiar principal de um membro da família que recebe cuidados paliativos por serviço de Atenção Domiciliar. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa, explicativa, utilizando a perspectiva metodológica de Strauss e Corbin da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Realizamos entrevistas em profundidade com 18 participantes, sendo nove cuidadores familiares e nove profissionais de enfermagem de um Serviço de Atenção Domiciliar e as analisamos pelas codificações aberta, axial e seletiva. Posteriormente, apresentamos as categorias construídas em uma roda de conversa com 15 cuidadores familiares e nove profissionais para a validação teórica. Resultados: O processo de tornar-se cuidador familiar relaciona-se a três subcategorias analíticas: ''Assumindo o cuidado domiciliar do familiar dependente''; ''(Des) conhecendo a condição de saúde do familiar e o significado de cuidados paliativos''e ''Vivenciando os cuidados paliativos e lidando com a possibilidade de morte''. Destaca-se que os familiares tornaram-se cuidadores pela imperativa necessidade do cuidado de um parente. A compreensão sobre o significado de cuidado paliativo foi se instituindo pela vivência deste familiar e pelo lidar diário com a condição e possibilidades de morte, mediada pela equipe de Atenção Domiciliar, destacando-se os profissionais de enfermagem. Os profissionais atuantes no serviço mostraram dificuldades para abordarem o tema da morte e de cuidado paliativo com paciente e cuidador. Conclusão: Tornar-se cuidador familiar mostra-se um processo complexo, permeado por diversas interações entre pacientes, cuidadores familiares e profissionais da saúde. Identificou-se que as dificuldades nesse processo podem ser amenizadas por meio de estratégias adotadas pelos profissionais para ampliar a comunicação e o apoio frente às singularidades das famílias e, também, através da implementação de políticas públicas que favoreçam o cuidador.


Introducción: El cuidado paliativo en el hogar, aliado al trabajo multiprofesional y a la presencia de una persona familiar cuidadora, posibilita la obtención de autonomía y de alternativas creativas en el cuidado. Objetivo: Comprender las condiciones relacionadas al convertirse en la persona cuidadora principal de un miembro de la familia que recibe cuidados paliativos en el hogar. Método: Investigación cualitativa, utilizando la perspectiva metodológica de Strauss y Corbin de la teoría fundamentada en los datos. Se realizaron entrevistas exhaustivas a 18 participantes, 9 familiares cuidadores y 9 profesionales de enfermería de un Servicio de Atención en el Hogar. Estas entrevistas fueron analizadas por codificación abierta, axial y selectiva. Posteriormente, se presentan las categorías identificadas en una rueda de conversación con 15 familiares cuidadores y 9 profesionales para su validación teórica. Resultados: El proceso de convertirse en una persona cuidadora familiar está relacionado a tres subcategorías analíticas: ''Comprometiéndose con la asistencia en el hogar de la persona familiar dependiente.''; ''(Des) conociendo la condición de salud de la persona familiar y el significado de los cuidados paliativos''y ''Vivenciando los cuidados paliativos y lidiando con la posibilidad de muerte''. Se destaca que familiares se convierten en cuidadores por la imperativa necesidad de cuidados de un pariente. La comprensión del significado de los cuidados paliativos fue instituida por la experiencia de esta persona integrante de la familia y por el tratamiento diario de la condición y posibilidades de muerte, mediada por el equipo de asistencia en el hogar, especialmente las personas profesionales de enfermería. Las personas profesionales de enfermería que actúan en el servicio mostraron dificultades para abordar el tema de la muerte y los cuidados paliativos con pacientes y cuidador. Conclusión: Convertirse en persona cuidadora familiar es un proceso complejo, permeado por diferentes interacciones entre pacientes, cuidadores familiares y profesionales de la salud. Se identificó que las dificultades en ese proceso pueden ser paliadas a través de estrategias adoptadas por las personas profesionales para ampliar la comunicación y el apoyo frente a las singularidades de las familias y, también, a través de la implementación de políticas públicas que favorezcan a quien realiza el cuidado.


Introduction: Palliative care at home, combined with multiprofessional work and the presence of a family caregiver, enables the achievement of autonomy and creative alternatives in caregiving. Objective: To understand the conditions related to becoming the main caregiver of a family member receiving palliative care at home. Method: Qualitative research, using Strauss and Corbin's methodological perspective of Grounded Data Theory. In-depth interviews were conducted, with 18 participants: nine family caregivers and nine nursing professionals from a Home Care Service, and were analyzed them by open, axial and selective coding. Subsequently, the categories identified in a conversation with fifteen family caregivers and nine professionals are presented for theoretical validation. Results: The process of becoming a family caregiver is related to three analytical subcategories: "Engaging in the home care of the dependent family member"; " (Un) knowing the health condition of the family member and the meaning of palliative care," and "Experiencing palliative care and coping with the possibility of death". It is emphasized that family members became caregivers due to the imperative need for care of a relative. The understanding of the meaning of palliative care was instituted by the experience of this family member, by the daily treatment of the condition, and the possibilities of death, mediated by the Home Care team, especially the nursing professionals. The professionals working in the service showed difficulties in addressing the theme of death and palliative care with patients and caregivers. Conclusion: Becoming a family caregiver is a complex process, permeated by different interactions between patients, family caregivers and health professionals. It was identified that the difficulties in this process can be mitigated through strategies adopted by professionals to expand the communication and the support for the specific needs of families and, also, through the implementation of public policies that favor the caregiver.


Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care , Caregivers/education , Home Nursing , Brazil
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