Caminhos e intermediações entre serviços do Sistema de Saúde e da Socioeducação / Paths and inter-mediations between Brazilian Health Services and Youth Detention Centers

Resumo A socioeducação é proposta educacional e de (re)socialização do jovem em conflito com a lei, na qual se prevê, igualmente, o direito à atenção à saúde garantido pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O presente trabalho visa investigar como se dá a relação entre os serviços de saúde e as unidades socioeducativas no estado do Paraná a partir da perspectiva de trabalhadores e gestores dos serviços. A pesquisa qualitativa e de cunho exploratório consistiu na realização de dezesseis entrevistas semiestruturadas em cinco municípios do estado, com posterior categorização das narrativas a partir de análise hermenêutica. Como resultado evidenciou-se considerável fragilidade na articulação entre os equipamentos da rede para promoção da assistência à saúde em geral e, mais notoriamente, à saúde mental dos jovens. Os quesitos de segurança exercem forte influência na regulação das ações, até mesmo de saúde, na socioeducação. A política atual de atenção integral à saúde na socioeducação, implantada no Brasil em 2014, representa, contudo, um importante contraponto na reordenação e na indução das ações nesse âmbito.

Abstract Socio-education is an educational and (re)socialization proposal for young people having troubles with the law, a law which also includes the right to health care guaranteed by the Unified Health System (SUS). This study aims to investigate the relationship between health services and socio-educational units in Paraná state, from the perspective of service workers and managers. The qualitative and exploratory research consisted of sixteen semi-structured interviews in five municipalities in the state, with subsequent categorization of the narratives based on hermeneutic analysis. As a result, there was considerable weakness in the coordination between the network's facilities to promote overall health care, specifically the mental health of young people. Security issues have a strong influence on the regulation of actions, even health actions, in socio-education. The current policy of comprehensive health care in socio-education, implemented in Brazil in 2014, is, however, an important counterpoint for the reordering and nudging policies in this area.

Predictivity of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase (De Ritis) ratio for detecting bowel necrosis in incarcerated inguinal hernia patients.

PURPOSE: Early diagnosis of necrotic bowel segment resulting from incarcerated inguinal hernia (IIH) is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the De Ritis ratio (DRR), also known as the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase, as a biomarker for intestinal necrosis. METHODS: This retrospective study included 132 patients who underwent emergency surgery for IIH. Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent bowel resection for necrosis (Group 1) and those who did not (Group 2). Patients' demographic and clinical data were recorded. Using laboratory test results, DRR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio (LCR) were calculated. RESULTS: The morbidity and mortality rates and the length of stay for Group 1 were statistically significantly different (p < 0.0001). The DRR, NLR, PLR, LMR, and LCR values of the same group were also significantly different (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: DRR can be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of bowel necrosis in patients with IIH.

ANTECEDENTES: El diagnóstico temprano del segmento intestinal necrótico resultante de una hernia inguinal incarcerada es crucial para reducir la morbilidad y la mortalidad. OBJETIVO: Investigar la eficacia del índice de De Ritis (IDR), también conocido como cociente de aspartato aminotransferasa a alanina aminotransferasa, como biomarcador de necrosis intestinal. MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó a 132 pacientes que fueron intervenidos de urgencia por hernia inguinal incarcerada. Los pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos: los que se sometieron a resección intestinal por necrosis (grupo 1) y los que no (grupo 2). Se registraron los datos demográficos y clínicos de los pacientes. Usando los resultados de las pruebas de laboratorio, se calcularon el IDR, el índice neutrófilos-linfocitos (INL), el índice plaquetas-linfocitos (IPL), el índice linfocitos-monocitos (ILM) y el índice linfocitos-proteína C reactiva (ILPCR). RESULTADOS: Las tasas de morbilidad, mortalidad y duración de la estancia para el grupo 1 fueron estadísticamente significativas (p < 0.0001). Los valores de IDR, INL, IPL, ILM, ILPCR del mismo grupo también fueron significativamente diferentes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONES: El IDR puede utilizarse como biomarcador para el diagnóstico precoz de necrosis intestinal en pacientes con hernia inguinal incarcerada.

Prevalence of overt and occult hepatitis B virus infection among an incarcerated population of Central-Western Brazil.

Brazilian prison complexes are characterized by overcrowded cells and precarious conditions, leading to chronically low vacancy. Brazilian studies involving overt and occult infection (OBI) in this population are still scarce despite the vulnerability of people deprived of liberty to hepatitis B. Therefore, this study estimated the prevalence of HBV infection (overall and OBI) in individuals deprived of liberty in prisons in Central-Western Brazil. In addition, factors associated with HBV infection were evaluated. This cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 1083 prisoners who were tested for serological hepatitis B markers and HBV DNA from 2017 to 2020. Factors associated with lifetime HBV infection were investigated using logistic regression. An overall prevalence of HBV infection of 10.1% (95% CI: 8.42-12.11) was detected. Only 32.8% (95% CI: 30.08-35.76) had isolated anti-HBs positivity (serological evidence of HBV vaccination). Indeed, more than half of the population was susceptible to HBV infection (57.1%; 95% CI: 54.15-60.13). HBV DNA was detected in one HBsAg-positive sample (n=1/9; 11%). Also, HBV DNA was detected in five HBsAg-negative samples (n=5/1074), resulting in a prevalence of 0.5% (95% CI: 0.15-1.08) for occult infection. After the multivariate analysis, sexual intercourse with a partner living with HIV was a predictor independently associated with HBV exposure (OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.26-14.55; p<0.020). These data demonstrate the need for preventive measures, mainly aimed at health education and better strategies for hepatitis B screening to control this infection in prisons more effectively.

Hernia vesical inguinoescrotal incarcerada: manejo quirúrgico / Incarcerated inguinoscrotal bladder hernia: surgical management

RESUMEN La hernia vesical es una entidad asociada a la hernia inguinal, con predisposición de lado derecho, en un porcentaje de 0,5 a 3%, hasta 10% en hombres, y a partir de la quinta a séptima década de vida1. La mayoría son pequeñas; la fisiopatología más común es la obstrucción mientras que la hiperplasia prostática es la principal etiología. La presentación clínica es poco específica, y el diagnóstico es en la mayoría de los casos transoperatorio. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de género masculino de 64 años, con antecedente patológico de enfermedad de Parkinson, hernia inguinal izquierda reducible hace 5 años. Acudió a consulta médica por manifestar dolor abdominal de moderada intensidad, más aumento de volumen en región inguinoescrotal izquierda. Al realizar el examen físico se constató una hernia inguinoescrotal izquierda no reducible. Con el diagnóstico de hernia inguinal incarcerada se realizó una exploración quirúrgica, con hallazgos de hernia inguinoescrotal de gran tamaño con contenido vesical y epiplón incarcerado con cambios de coloración. Se realizó entonces la reparación de la hernia. La evolución posoperatoria fue satisfactoria sin complicaciones.

ABSTRACT Bladder hernia is a condition associated with inguinal hernia, usually right-sided, in 0.5 to 3% of the cases and up to 10% in men between the fifth and seventh decade of life. Most hernias are small; the most common pathophysiology is obstruction while prostatic hyperplasia is the main etiology. The clinical presentation is unspecific, and the diagnosis is usually made during surgery. We report the case of a 64-year-old male patient with a history of Parkinson's disease and reducible left inguinal hernia 5 years before, who sought medical advice due to abdominal pain of moderate intensity, with increased volume in the left inguinoscrotal region.On physical examination a diagnosis of left-sided non-reducible inguinoscrotal hernia was made. With the diagnosis of incarcerated inguinal hernia the patient underwent surgical exploration which showed a large inguinoscrotal hernia containing the bladder and incarcerated omentum with color changes. The hernia was repaired, and the patient evolved with favorable outcome.

HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT-HIV) effectiveness for sexual risk-reduction among key populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: HIV disproportionately affects people who inject drugs, transgender people, sex workers, men who have sex with men, and incarcerated people. Recognized as key populations (KP), these groups face increased impact of HIV infection and reduced access to health assistance. In 1990, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention organized technical guidance on HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT-HIV), with subsequent trials comparing intervention methodologies, no longer recommending this strategy. However, KP needs have not been explicitly considered. Methods: We assessed VCT-HIV effectiveness for sexual risk-reduction among KP (PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020088816). We searched Pubmed, EMBASE, Global Health, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed, controlled trials from February, 2020, to April, 2022. We screened the references list and contacted the main authors, extracted data through Covidence, applied the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool, and performed the meta-analysis using Review Manager. Findings: We identified 17 eligible trials, including 10,916 participants and evaluated HIV risk behaviors. When compared to baseline, VCT-HIV reduced unsafe sex frequency (Z=5.40; p<0.00001, I²=0%). Interpretation: While our meta-analysis identified VCT-HIV as protective for sexual risk behaviors for among KP, the results are limited to MSM and PWID, demonstrating the paucity of data on the other KP. Also, it highlights the importance of applying a clear VCT-HIV guideline as well as properly training the counselors. Funding: Research funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ/MS-DIAHV N° 24/2019), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior.

Child abuse, gender differences and their clinical and criminological implications in incarcerated individuals. / Maltrato infantil, diferencias de género y sus implicaciones clínicas y criminológicas en personas privadas de su libertad.

INTRODUCTION: Several studies show high rates of childhood traumatic events in subjects incarcerated in prison institutions. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and gender differences of different types of childhood adverse experiences and their correlation with psychopathological and criminological variables in incarcerated individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An epidemiological, descriptive-observational study was conducted in two psychiatric prisons located in Argentina and 84 subjects of both sexes participated. A socio-demographic questionnaire was used, the SCID I and II scales and the Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire. RESULTS: 91.7% of the participants had suffered some adverse experience in childhood. A high rate of physical (63%) and emotional abuse (61%) was detected. We found gender differences in the type of child abuse and the crimes committed. Significant relationships were found between some childhood adverse events and psychiatric disorders, crimes committed and recidivism. CONCLUSIONS: In accordance with other studies, there was a high prevalence of adverse childhood experiences in incarcerated individuals and significant gender differences in the type of child abuse, in psychiatric disorders, in the crimes committed and recidivism.

Maltrato infantil, diferencias de género y sus implicaciones clínicas y criminológicas en personas privadas de su libertad

Introducción: Diversos estudios muestran elevados índices de eventos traumáticos infantiles en sujetos detenidos en instituciones carcelarias. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la prevalencia y las diferencias de género de los diferentes tipos de experiencias adversas infantiles y su correlación con variables psicopatológicas y criminológicas en personas detenidas. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo-observacional en 2 instituciones psiquiátricas penitenciarias ubicadas en la República Argentina. Participaron 84 personas de ambos sexos. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, las escalas SCID I y II y el Cuestionario de Experiencias Adversas Infantiles. Resultados: El 91,7% de los participantes habían padecido alguna experiencia adversa en su infancia. Se encontró una elevada tasa de abuso físico (63%) y emocional (61%). Hallamos diferencias de género en el tipo de maltrato infantil y en los delitos cometidos. Se encontraron relaciones significativas entre algunos eventos adversos infantiles y trastornos psiquiátricos, delitos cometidos y reincidencia. Conclusiones: En concordancia con otros estudios, se observó elevada prevalencia de experiencias adversas infantiles en personas detenidas y diferencias de género significativas en el tipo de maltrato infantil, los trastornos psiquiátricos, los delitos cometidos y la reincidencia.

Introduction: Several studies show high rates of childhood traumatic events in subjects incarcerated in prison institutions. Objective: To assess the prevalence and gender differences of different types of childhood adverse experiences and their correlation with psychopathological and criminological variables in incarcerated individuals. Material and methods: An epidemiological, descriptive-observational study was conducted in two psychiatric prisons located in Argentina and 84 subjects of both sexes participated. A socio-demographic questionnaire was used, the SCID I and II scales and the Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire. Results: 91.7% of the participants had suffered some adverse experience in childhood. A high rate of physical (63%) and emotional abuse (61%) was detected. We found gender differences in the type of child abuse and the crimes committed. Significant relationships were found between some childhood adverse events and psychiatric disorders, crimes committed and recidivism. Conclusions: In accordance with other studies, there was a high prevalence of adverse childhood experiences in incarcerated individuals and significant gender differences in the type of child abuse, in psychiatric disorders, in the crimes committed and recidivism.

Técnica mínimamente invasiva en paciente con multimorbilidad crónica y hernia inguinal complicada: reporte de caso / A minimally invasive technique in a patient with chronic multimorbidity and complicated inguinal hernia: case report

El paciente con multimorbilidad crónica forma parte de una población que se ha incrementado en los últimos años. La hernia inguinal incarcerada representa una emergencia. El abordaje transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) presenta ventajas para evaluar el contenido de la hernia. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 77 años con múltiples comorbilidades y cirugías abdominales previas, que se presentó con cuadro de oclusión intestinal. En tomografía computada: asa de intestino delgado incarcerada en región inguinal. Se observó asas intestinales dilatadas con cambio de calibre en región inguinal izquierda. Se retiró asa intestinal atascada en hernia directa. Se disecó defecto herniario y se colocó malla de 10 x 15 cm en espacio preperitoneal. La técnica TAPP es eficaz y segura para la reparación de hernias complicadas en pacientes con multimorbilidad crónica, en manos de cirujanos experimentados.

The patient with chronic multimorbidity is part of a population that has increased in recent years. Incarcerated inguinal hernia represents an emer-gency. The preperitoneal transabdominal approach (TAPP) has advantages to evaluate the content of the hernia. A 77-years-old man with multiple comorbidities and previous abdominal surgeries presented with intestinal occlusion. Computed tomography: small bowel loop incarcerated in the inguinal region. The cavity is inspected by observing dilated intestinal loops with a change of caliber in the left inguinal region. The intestinal loop is removed observing a direct hernia. The hernia defect is repaired, and 10 x 15 cm mesh is placed in the preperitoneal space. The TAPP te-chnique is effective and safe for the repair of complicated hernias in patients with chronic multimorbidity, in the hands of experienced surgeons.

Client Outcomes From a Multilevel Intervention to Support Persons Living With HIV and Returning to the Community After Incarceration in Puerto Rico.

The twin epidemics of HIV and incarceration impact Puerto Rico, which has limited resources to address the social and structural determinants of health in incarcerated populations. A Special Programs of National Significance grant supported a Puerto Rican community-based organization to implement the evidence-informed Transitional Care Coordination intervention among incarcerated persons living with HIV, targeting changes at the individual, organization, and systems levels. After implementation (November 2015-July 2018; n = 69), 93.1% of eligible clients were linked to community-based HIV care, 86.3% remained in care for 6 months, and 78.6% remained for 12 months. A greater proportion reported consistent HIV care, ART adherence, food security, and transportation to access care. Integrating HIV case management with housing and employment services, and developing buy-in and collaboration from partners across systems of care, including after a natural disaster, led to positive client outcomes. This intervention shows promise for adaptation to other HIV care and service delivery systems.

Psychopat hy Predicting Violent Criminal Behaviour among Adult Offenders / Psicopatía y predicción del comportamiento violento criminal en reclusos adultos

Abstract The aim of the present research was to examine the role of psychopathy in predicting violent offending within a sample of adult criminal inmates (N= 342) (M = 48.07, SD = 17.8) from the prisons of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan (KPK). T-test and logistic regression was used to analyse the data. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher level of egocentricity and a higher level of antisocial behaviour predict a greater probability of committing violent offence. These findings provide important implications for future research in Pakistan, specifically concerning psychopathy as a risk factor for criminal and violent behaviour. The present findings will help to inform legal decisions as to whether inmates should be incarcerated as violent criminals or non-violent criminals. The conclusions of the present research are limited to incarcerated adult male offenders only; therefore, the present study remains unable to reflect the development of psychopathy in either females or the general population.

Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación fue examinar el papel de la psicopatía en la predicción de delitos violentos dentro de una muestra de reclusos adultos (N = 342) de las prisiones de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistán (KPK). La prueba T y la regresión logística se utilizaron para analizar los datos. El análisis de regresión logística reveló que un mayor nivel de egocentricidad y un mayor nivel de comportamiento antisocial predicen una mayor probabilidad de cometer un delito violento. Estos hallazgos proporcionan importantes implicaciones para futuras investigaciones en Pakistán, específicamente sobre la psicopatía como factor de riesgo para el comportamiento criminal y violento. Los presentes hallazgos ayudarán a informar las decisiones legales sobre si los reclusos deben ser encarcelados como delincuentes violentos o criminales no violentos. Las conclusiones de la presente investigación se limitan a los delincuentes varones adultos encarcelados únicamente; por lo tanto, el presente estudio sigue siendo incapaz de reflejar el desarrollo de la psicopatía en mujeres o en la población general.

Rectosigmoidectomía perineal (procedimiento de Altemeier) para el prolapso rectal encarcelado: reporte de un caso / Case report of perineal rectosigmoidectomy (Altemeier's procedure) for incarcerated rectal prolapse

Resumen Los reportes de prolapso rectal encarcelado son infrecuentes y suponen un reto para el cirujano. Para un prolapso encarcelado no estrangulado, los pacientes deben tratarse con analgésicos y colocarse en la posición de Trendelenburg; y deberían aplicarse medidas conservadoras al prolapso con presión manual simultánea. Si la reducción exitosa no se logra, entonces el paciente generalmente requiere una rectosigmoidectomía con abordaje perineal (procedimiento de Altemeier). Caso clínico: hombre de 57 años, sin una historia previa de síntomas o comorbilidades con predisposición para esta patología. Se presenta en el departamento de urgencias con un prolapso rectal encarcelado posterior a realización de esfuerzo 5 horas antes del ingreso. Se inician medidas conservadoras con colocación en Trendelenburg y aplicación de azúcar granulada tópica. Las medidas fueron infructuosas. El paciente requirió una rectosigmoidectomía con abordaje perineal e ileostomía de protección. El curso postoperatorio no tuvo complicaciones, hubo un excelente resultado después del cierre de la ileostomía y no hubo recurrencia. Discusión: el encarcelamiento conlleva a estrangulamiento a lo largo del tiempo, la cirugía generalmente está indicada si la terapia conservadora fracasa. Aunque tradicionalmente recomendada para los pacientes adultos mayores y pacientes con comorbilidades, los procedimientos perineales son una opción para todos los pacientes y la mejor opción para el prolapso rectal encarcelado.

Abstract Reports of incarcerated rectal prolapse are rare and pose a challenge to the surgeon. For a incarcerated prolapse that is not strangulated, patients should be treated with analgesics and placed in the Trendelenburg position. Conservative measures should be applied to the prolapse with simultaneous manual pressure. If successful reduction is not achieved, then the patient usually requires rectosigmoidectomy with a perineal approach (Altemeier's procedure). Case: The patient was a 57-year-old man with no previous history of symptoms or comorbidities that would predispose him to this pathology. He came to the emergency department with an incarcerated rectal prolapse after attempting to have a bowel movement five hours earlier. Conservative measures of placing the patient in the Trendelenburg placement and topical application of granulated sugar were used. These measures were unsuccessful, so the patient required a rectosigmoidectomy with a perineal approach and protective ileostomy. The patient's postoperative recovery was without complications and had excellent results after the ileostomy was closed. There has been no recurrence. Discussion: Incarceration leads to strangulation over time, so surgery is usually indicated if conservative therapy fails. Although traditionally recommended for elderly patients and patients with comorbidities, perineal procedures are an option for all patients, and this is the best option for incarcerated rectal prolapse.

Health Literacy Among a Formerly Incarcerated Population Using Data from the Transitions Clinic Network.

Health literacy is increasingly understood to be a mediator of chronic disease self-management and health care utilization. However, there has been very little research examining health literacy among incarcerated persons. This study aimed to describe the health literacy and relevant patient characteristics in a recently incarcerated primary care patient population in 12 communities in 6 states and Puerto Rico. Baseline data were collected from 751 individuals through the national Transitions Clinic Network (TCN), a model which utilizes a community health worker (CHW) with a previous history of incarceration to engage previously incarcerated people with chronic medical diseases in medical care upon release. Participants in this study completed study measures during or shortly after their first medical visit in the TCN. Data included demographics, health-related survey responses, and a measure of health literacy, The Newest Vital Sign (NVS). Bivariate and linear regression models were fit to explore associations among health literacy and the time from release to first clinic appointment, number of emergency room visits before first clinic appointment and confidence in adhering to medication. Our study found that almost 60% of the sample had inadequate health literacy. Inadequate health literacy was associated with decreased confidence in taking medications following release and an increased likelihood of visiting the emergency department prior to primary care. Early engagement may improve health risks for this population of individuals that is at high risk of death, acute care utilization, and hospitalization following release.

Hernia de Amyand. Reporte de caso / Amyand's hernia. Case report

La incidencia de la hernia de Amyand es muy baja. Siempre es diagnosticada en el transoperatorio, resulta casi imposible de realizar durante el pre-operatorio. Paciente femenina de 75 años de edad, con antecedentes de hernia inguinal derecha recidivante. Comenzó con dolor en epigastrio y en región inguinal derecha, además de náuseas y vómitos. Se identificó cicatriz quirúrgica y aumento de volumen en región inguinal derecha. Se decidió intervenir quirúrgicamente con el diagnóstico clínico de hernia inguinal derecha recidivante encarcelada. Durante el acto operatorio se identificó apendicitis aguda supurada como contenido del saco herniario inguinal. Se procedió a la realización de la apendicetomía y reparación de la hernia, en el mismo tiempo quirúrgico, y colocó la malla de polipropilenoe. Se aplicó antibióticos de amplio espectro. La paciente evolucionó de forma favorable. La biopsia confirmó el diagnóstico. El siguiente caso se presentó, pues a pesar de ser conocido, su incidencia es muy baja, por lo que existen dificultades para su diagnóstico (AU).

The incidence of Amyand's hernia is very low. It is always diagnosed in the trans-operatory period, being almost impossible during the pre-operatory period. This is the case of a female patient, aged 75 years, with antecedents of recidivist right inguinal hernia. It began with pain in epigastrium and in the right inguinal region in addition to nausea and vomits. Surgical scar and volume increase in the right inguinal region were identified. It was decided to make a surgery with the clinical diagnosis of incarcerated recidivist right inguinal hernia. During the surgery an acute suppurated appendicitis was identified as the content of the inguinal hernial sac. The appendectomy was carried out and hernia was repaired in the same surgical time; a polypropylene mesh was placed. Broad spectrum antibiotics were applied. The evolution of the patient was satisfactory. The biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The case was presented because despite of being known, its incidence is very low, so there are difficulties for diagnosing it (AU).

Motivações do comportamento infrator e perspectivas do futuro de jovens reclusos da cidade de maputo/moçambique: uma visão bioecológica / The young offenders motivations for crime and their prospects for the future: an bioecological overview / Motivaciones del comportamiento violador y perspectivas del futuro en jóvenes detenidos de maputo/moçambique: una visión bioecológica

O estudo foi realizado na Cidade de Maputo, em Moçambique, e teve como objetivo investigar as motivações do comportamento infrator e as perspectivas do futuro de jovens reclusos. Para tal foram usados os construtos da Teoria Bioecológica de Urie Bronfenbrenner. Metodologicamente optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, na qual entrevistou-se seis jovensdos 16-25 anos internados em três penitenciárias.O cometimento dos crimes esteve relacionado à satisfação de necessidades básicas de sobrevivência no contexto das limitações socioeconômicas vividasno momento. Os jovens mostraram interesse em reintegrar-se à sociedade e desenvolver projetos pessoais após o cumprimento da pena. Estes resultados sugerem a necessidade de programas estruturados de acompanhamento psicossocial no período de retorno à comunidade.

The study took place in Maputo City, Mozambique, and investigated young offender´s motivations for crime and their expectations for the future. Bronfenbrenner´s Bioecological Theory was used to guide the research. Methodologically, qualitative and exploratory approaches were adopted, in which six young incarcerated men, with age range from 16-25 years old, from three prisons were interviewed. The committing of the crimes was related to meeting basic survival needs in the context of socio-economic limitations experienced at the moment. Participants showed interest in reintegrate into society and to develop personal projects. These results suggest the need for implementation of structured psychosocial programs for those people after release from prison.

El estudio fue realizado en la ciudad de Maputo, en Moçambique, y tuvo como objetivos investigar las motivaciones del comportamiento infractor y las perspectivas de futuro de jóvenes reclusos. Con ese fin fueron utilizados los constructos de la Teoría Bioecológica de Urie Bronfenbrenner. Esta es una investigación cualitativa y exploratoria, en la cual fueron entrevistados seis jóvenes entre 16-25 años de edad detenidos en tres penitenciarias. Cometer crímenes se relacionó a la satisfacción de necesidades básicas de sobrevivencia en el contexto de limitaciones socioeconómicas vividas. Los jóvenes mostraron interés en volver a la sociedad y desarrollar proyectos personales después de la sentencia. Estos resultados sugirieron la necesidad de programas estructurados de acompañamiento psicosocial durante el retorno a la comunidad.

Famílias de mulheres presas, promoção da saúde e acesso às políticas sociais no Distrito Federal, Brasil / Families of incarcerated women, health promotion and access to social policies in the Federal District, Brazil

Resumo O artigo discute as buscas e os acessos de famílias de mulheres presas na Penitenciária Feminina do Distrito Federal às políticas públicas. Busca contribuir para a construção de estratégias de promoção da saúde para a população feminina que vive em situação de prisão. Parte das afirmações trazidas na Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde das Pessoas Privadas de Liberdade no Sistema Prisional, especialmente aquelas que reconhecem que é preciso ações intersetoriais e que levem em consideração as redes de relações dessa população para promover a saúde. Para tanto, apresenta dados de uma pesquisa realizada na Penitenciária no ano de 2014 que utilizou a metodologia qualitativa por meio de observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas com familiares de mulheres presas no Distrito Federal. Podemos dizer que é necessário atentar para as formas diferenciadas produzidas na relação entre as presas e seus familiares e, especialmente, para as narrativas de cansaço e de dificuldade de acesso às políticas públicas. Um olhar mais apurado sobre a forma de organização dessa população poderia auxiliar na elaboração de políticas públicas de promoção da saúde e superação da vulnerabilidade social.

Abstract This paper assesses the options for accessing public policies available to families of women incarcerated in the female penitentiary of Brazil’s Federal District. It seeks to contribute to the construction of health promotion strategies for the female population living in the prison system. Some of the claims were revealed in the national comprehensive healthcare policy for individuals in the prison system, especially those that acknowledge the importance of intersectoral actions and relationship networks to promote health. Data are presented from research conducted at the penitentiary in 2014 that used qualitative methodology by means of participant observation and semi-structured interviews with family members of women incarcerated in the Federal District. It was detected that attention must be paid to the different types of relationship that exist between incarcerated women and their families, and especially to the allegations of exhaustion and difficulty of access to public policies. A more in-depth survey into how this population organizes itself could assist in the development of public policies to promote health and overcome social vulnerability.

Health issues of incarcerated women in the United States / A questão da saúde nas mulheres encarceradas nos Estados Unidos

Abstract Health care within jails and prisons in the United States is typically insufficient to meet the medical and psychological needs of female inmates. Health services are often of low quality, especially in the areas of reproductive medicine. Mental illness, substance abuse, a trauma history, and sexual victimization while incarcerated can predict a more difficult adjustment to a correctional environment. Incarcerated women who are able to maintain contact with family members, especially children, can have a better prison adjustment. Recommendations are made to improve the types and quality of health care delivered to women in jails and prisons in countries around the world.

Resumo A atenção à saúde em cadeias ou prisões nos Estados Unidos é claramente insuficiente para responder às necessidades médicas e psicológicas das mulheres encarceradas. Serviços de saúde são frequentemente de baixa qualidade, especialmente na área de medicina reprodutiva. Estresse, doença mental, uso de drogas, traumas psicológicos e abusos sexuais durante o encarceramento podem predizer maior dificuldade de adaptação ao ambiente prisional. Mulheres encarceradas que mantém contato com membros da família, principalmente crianças, tendem a melhor se adaptar. Recomendações têm sido feitas para melhorar o tipo e a qualidade da assistência oferecida às mulheres em cadeias ou prisões em países por todo o mundo.

Reporte de un paciente con Hernia de Amyand / Report of a Patient with Amyand Hernia

La hernia de Amyand es un padecimiento muy raro, que se reconoce ante la presencia de apendicitis aguda dentro de un saco herniano. El diagnóstico preoperatorio es excepcional. El tratamiento recomendado es la apendicectomía y reparación de la hernia en el mismo tiempo operatorio. Se presentó el caso de un paciente de 56 años de edad con antecedentes de hernia inguinal derecha desde hace 10 años que acudió con dolor abdominal relacionado con la presencia de esta, que se encontraba en esos momentos irreductible, el dolor se irradiaba a todo hemiabdomen inferior, con defensa muscular hacia fosa iliaca derecha. Se realizó intervención quirúrgica detectándose en el transoperatorio la presencia de epiplón y apéndice cecal edematoso dentro de saco herniano. Se procedió a la realización de la apendicetomía y reparación de la hernia inguinal en el mismo tiempo quirúrgico, se decidió la colocación de malla de Marlex. La evolución fue satisfactoria.

Amyand's Hernia is a very rare pathology that is recognized by the presence of inflamed appendix inside an inguinal hernia. The pre-operative diagnosis is exceptional. The recommended treatment is the appendectomy with herniotomy in the same operative time. A 56 -year- old male patient with history of right inguinal hernia of approximately 10 years of evolution was presented. He was attended because of abdominal pain related to the presence of an inflamed inguinal mass, non-reducible, associated to muscular defense to the right inguinal region. Surgical intervention was performed detecting the presence of epiplon and edematous vermiform appendix within the hernia sac. An Appendectomy and reparation of the inguinal hernia were done in the same surgical time, Marlex mesh was decided to use. The patient´s evolution was satisfactory.

[Amyand's hernia: a report of two cases and review of the bibliography]. / Hernia de Amyand: presentación de dos casos y revisión de la bibliografía.

BACKGROUND: Presence of the vermiform appendix in an inguinal hernia sac is an uncommon finding (1%), exceptionally rare if it's inflamed (0.13%). Clinically simulating incarcerated inguinal hernia and proper preoperative diagnosis is exceptional. We present two unusual cases of Amyand's hernia, and review of the bibliography. CLINICAL CASES: 1. Male patient 78 year old with an incarcerated right inguinal hernia which was performed preoperatively the diagnosis of Amyand's hernia by abdominal Computed Tomography. Clinical case 2. Female patient 82 year old with symptoms of an incarcerated right femoral hernia that finally showed an Amyand's hernia through a right inguinal hernia. CONCLUSIONS: Amyand's hernia is a rare entity whose preoperative diagnosis is uncommon, that it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis in cases with clinical signs of incarcerated right inguinal hernia.

Antecedentes: encontrar el apéndice vermiforme en un saco herniario inguinal es un hallazgo infrecuente (1%), excepcionalmente raro si está inflamado (0.13%). Clínicamente simula una hernia inguinal incarcerada y el diagnóstico preoperatorio adecuado se establece en contadas excepciones. Se reportan dos casos excepcionales de hernias de Amyand y se revisa la bibliografía. Casos clínicos: 1. Paciente masculino de 78 años con una hernia inguinal derecha, incarcerada, en el que el diagnóstico de hernia de Amyand se estableció antes de la cirugía mediante tomografía computada abdominal. Caso clínico 2. Paciente femenina de 82 años de edad, con clínica de hernia crural derecha incarcerada con una hernia de Amyand a través de una hernia inguinal derecha. Conclusiones: la hernia de Amyand es una rara enfermedad cuyo diagnóstico preoperatorio es infrecuente y que siempre debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial en los casos con signos clínicos de hernia inguinal derecha incarcerada.

Quiste de nuck asociado con hernia inguinal atascada en adolescente femenino / Nuck's cyst associated with incarcerated inguinal hernia in a female teenager

Objetivo: Presentar un caso de quiste de Nuck de la región inguinal. Métodos: Paciente adolescente de 16 años con aumento de volumen en región inguinal derecha y presencia de dolor, cuadro clínico de una hernia inguinal atascada. Resultados: El hallazgo quirúrgico de la intervención resultó ser un quiste de la región inguinal y cuyo resultado de anatomía patológica reporta ser un quiste de Nuck. Conclusión: Se define como quiste de Nuck, o quiste del ligamento redondo, un divertículo del peritoneo parietal en el canal inguinal que acompaña al ligamento redondo en la mujer encontrándose en condiciones fisiológicas obliterado. Este se manifiesta como un aumento de volumen en la región inguinal,irreductible, que puede ir acompañado o no de dolor; a veces puede presentarse simulando una hernia inguinocrural incarcelada y es frecuente en niños, siendo su presencia en adolescente y mujeres adultas y de avanzada edad una entidad muy rara(AU)

Objective: To present a case of Nuck's cyst in the inguinal region. Methods: A 16-year female teenager with an increase of volume in the right inguinal region and presence of pain. Clinical symptoms of an incarcerated inguinal hernia. Results: Surgical finding at the intervention turned out to bea cyst of the inguinal region and the result of pathology reported to be a cyst of Nuck. Conclusion: It is defined as cyst of Nuck, or cyst of the round ligament, a diverticulum of the peritoneum in the inguinal canal accompanying the round ligament in women being in physiological conditions obliterated. This is manifested as an increase in volume in the inguinal region, irreducible, that can go with or without pain, and sometimes mimicking a hernia can occurs inguinocrural incarcerated and is common in children being its presence in adolescent and adult women and elderly a very rare(AU)