ABSTRACT
Background: After antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, people with HIV (PWH) treated for tuberculosis (TB) may develop TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). Integrase inhibitors, by providing a faster HIV-RNA decline than efavirenz, might increase the risk for this complication. We sought to assess incidence and determinants of TB-IRIS in PWH with TB on raltegravir- or efavirenz-based ART. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the Reflate TB 2 trial, which randomized ART-naive PWH on standard TB treatment, to receive raltegravir- or efavirenz-based ART. The primary objective was to evaluate the incidence of TB-IRIS. Incidence rate ratio comparing TB-IRIS incidence in each arm was calculated. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare TB-IRIS-free survival probabilities by ART arm. Cox regression models were fitted to analyze baseline characteristics associated with TB-IRIS. Results: Of 460 trial participants, 453 from Brazil, Côte d'Ivoire, Mozambique, and Vietnam were included in this analysis. Baseline characteristics were median age 35 years (interquartile range [IQR], 29-43), 40% female, 69% pulmonary TB only, median CD4, 102 (IQR, 38-239) cells/mm³, and median HIV RNA, 5.5 (IQR, 5.0-5.8) log copies/mL. Forty-eight participants developed TB-IRIS (incidence rate, 24.7/100 PY), 19 cases in the raltegravir arm and 29 in the efavirenz arm (incidence rate ratio 0.62, 95% confidence interval .35-1.10). Factors associated with TB-IRIS were: CD4 ≤ 100 cells/µL, HIV RNA ≥500 000â copies/mL, and extrapulmonary/disseminated TB. Conclusions: We did not demonstrate that raltegravir-based ART increased the incidence of TB-IRIS compared with efavirenz-based ART. Low CD4 counts, high HIV RNA, and extrapulmonary/disseminated TB at ART initiation were associated with TB-IRIS.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: To simultaneously evaluate iris area (IA) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in eyes with Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome (FUS). METHODS: We prospectively recruited a case series of patients with FUS at our institution, simultaneously measuring IA with anterior segment spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and SFCT with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Iris images were analyzed by ImageJ software. We tested the differences in intereye IA and SFCT with the healthy eye (HE) using the Wilcoxon test, and clinical interpretation was controlled by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between two masked specialists. RESULTS: Sixteen patients with unilateral FUS were included. Six were female, and the age range was 37 to 67 (median age 48 years, IQR 41-60). ICC of 98.9%, with a lower confidence interval of 97%. Eyes with FUS had a significant thinning of the total iris median area (p < 0.002), restricted to the temporal and nasal areas compared to the HE (p < 0.01 and < 0.001, respectively). SFCT was also significantly thinner compared to the HE (p < 0.0001). A low correlation was found between iris and choroidal thinning in FUS eyes (rs = 0.21; p = 0.4). CONCLUSIONS: This study found reduced iris area and subfoveal choroidal thickness in eyes with FUS compared to the normal fellow eye.
Subject(s)
Choroid , Uveitis , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Iris/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Uveitis/complications , Uveitis/diagnosis , Adult , AgedABSTRACT
Macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies in the fish diet can affect fish growth rate, ability to resist disease, and fillet quality. Determination of effective dose of developed feed additives consisting of chelate compounds of biogenic elements and probiotic preparation based on Bacillus subtilis. Young rainbow trout were divided into four groups consisting of 100 fish each. The control group received standard food; the experimental groups received food with chelates and probiotics in different concentrations. At the end of the experiment (30 days), the middle intestine histology and morphometric parameters were studied. The use of chelated compounds alone affected the state of the intestinal villi and the infiltration of the epithelium by lymphocytes. The addition of a probiotic had a positive effect on the migration of immune cells in the intestinal villi; however, the probiotic in high concentrations contributed to a decrease in the number and area of goblet cells. Synergistic effects of chelated compounds and probiotic preparations on the morphometric parameters of the medium intestine were observed. In the proper doses, the studied feed additives might be recommended for rainbow trout farming under industrial aquaculture conditions.
As deficiências de macronutrientes e micronutrientes na dieta dos peixes podem afetar a taxa de crescimento dos peixes, a capacidade de resistir a doenças e a qualidade do filé. Determinação da dose efetiva de aditivos alimentares desenvolvidos constituídos por compostos quelatos de elementos biogênicos e preparação probiótica à base de Bacillus subtilis. As trutas arco-íris jovens foram divididas em quatro grupos de 100 peixes cada. O grupo controle recebeu ração padrão; os grupos experimentais receberam alimentos com quelatos e probióticos em diferentes concentrações. Ao final do experimento (30 dias), a histologia do intestino médio e os parâmetros morfométricos foram estudados. O uso de compostos quelados sozinho afetou o estado das vilosidades intestinais e a infiltração do epitélio por linfócitos. A adição de um probiótico teve um efeito positivo na migração de células imunes nas vilosidades intestinais; entretanto, o probiótico em altas concentrações contribuiu para a diminuição do número e da área das células caliciformes. Efeitos sinérgicos de compostos quelados e preparações probióticas sobre os parâmetros morfométricos do intestino médio foram observados. Nas doses adequadas, os aditivos alimentares estudados podem ser recomendados para a criação de trutas arco-íris em condições de aquacultura industrial.
Subject(s)
Animals , Aquaculture , Probiotics , Fishes/growth & development , Food AdditivesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT We report a case of bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris in which satisfactory intraocular pressure control was obtained after resolution of the acute disease with a trabecular implant (iStent®). A 62-year-old woman presented with bilateral simultaneous acute eye pain, photophobia, increased intraocular pressure (34 mmHg), circulating pigment in the anterior chamber, areas of depigmentation in the iris, and posterior synechiae. She had received oral amoxicillin-clavulanate and moxifloxacin for pneumonia 2 months previously. Bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris was suspected as well as a viral etiology. She received oral acetazolamide, aciclovir, and prednisone, besides topical prednisolone, betaxolol, brimonidine, dorzolamide, and atropine. The disease gradually resolved in 4 months but, after 1 year, she developed bilateral cataracts, and still needed three drugs for intraocular pressure control (16/18 mmHg). Cataract-iStent® combined surgery was performed in both eyes. One year after surgery, intraocular pressure was 11/12 mmHg, without medication. iStent® was safe and effective on this secondary glaucoma.
RESUMO Relatamos um caso de despigmentação aguda bilateral da íris, no qual obtivemos adequado controle da pressão intraocular com o implante do iStent®, após resolução da fase aguda da doença. Paciente feminina, 62 anos, atendida com quadro agudo, bilateral e simultâneo de dor ocular, fotofobia, hipertensão ocular (34 mmHg), pigmentos circulantes na câmara anterior, áreas de despigmentação iriana e sinéquias posteriores. Havia recebido amoxicilina-clavulanato e moxifloxacina orais para pneumonia 2 meses antes. Suspeitando-se de despigmentação aguda bilateral da íris ou de etiologia viral, recebeu acetazolamida, aciclovir e prednisona orais, e colírios prednisolona, betaxolol, brimonidina, dorzolamida e atropina. O quadro se resolveu gradualmente em 4 meses, porém, após 1 ano, desenvolveu catarata bilateral e ainda usava 3 colírios hipotensores (pressão intraocular 16/18 mmHg). A cirurgia combinada de catarata-iStent® foi realizada em ambos os olhos. Um ano depois, a pressão intraocular mantinha-se 11/12 mmHg, sem medicação. O iStent® foi seguro e eficaz no controle deste glaucoma secundário.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris and bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) are similar clinical entities. The former causes acute-onset depigmentation of the iris stroma without transillumination, whereas the latter causes depigmentation of the iris pigment epithelium with transillumination. The etiopathogenesis of these conditions is not yet fully understood, but the proposed causes include the use of systemic antibiotics (especially moxifloxacin) and viral triggers. We present a case series of five female patients with a mean age of 41 (32-45) years, all of whom suffered acute onset of bilateral pain and redness of the eyes after moxifloxacin use (oral or topical). It is important for ophthalmologists to be aware of the two forms of iris depigmentation since this case series suggests that SARS-CoV-2 or its empirical treatment with moxifloxacin may trigger iris depigmentation. If this is the case, clinicians will likely see increased incidences of bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris and bilateral acute iris transillumination during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Plateau iris syndrome (PIS) was first coined in 1958 to describe the iris configuration of a patient, 2 years later; the concept of plateau iris was published. In 1992, the anatomic aspects of plateau iris were studied using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) determining it as a form of primary angle-closure glaucoma caused by a large or anteriorly positioned ciliary body that leads to mechanical obstruction of the trabecular meshwork, this condition is most often found in young patients. We aim to review the current literature and knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment options of PIS; the search was conducted in PubMed, LILACS, and BIREME internet search sites using keywords and snowball search strategy of articles published until 2022, focusing on PIS history, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, UBM feature, and treatment.
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Resumen El embarazo es un proceso que genera grandes cambios inmunitarios en los cuales participan los linfocitos T con respuestas proinflamatorias (Th1/Th17) y antiinflamatorias (Th2/Treg), con la finalidad de mantener el óptimo estado y desarrollo fetal. En la infección por VIH estos ambientes inmunológicos son afectados directamente con el descenso de las células TCD4. El uso de antirretrovirales (ART) ha permitido que las mujeres que viven con VIH puedan disminuir de manera importante la posibilidad de infectar a sus productos con el virus. El embarazo, enfermedades autoinmunes y el uso de ART son factores conocidos para el desarrollo del síndrome inflamatorio de reconstitución inmunológica debido a la recuperación abrupta de la respuesta inmunitaria. En esta revisión describimos parte de estos cambios en el embarazo y puerperio sin patología añadida, además proponemos un posible comportamiento en los perfiles Th1/Th2 en mujeres que viven con VIH que reciben ART y cursan el primer año posparto.
Abstract Pregnancy is a process which generate great immunologic changes with participation of T lymphocytes with inflammatory (Th1/Th17) and anti-inflammatory response (Th2/Treg), with the purpose of maintain the optimum condition and fetal development. In HIV infection this immunological ambient are affected directly due the decrease of T CD4 cells. The use of antiretrovirals (ART) has allowed that women living with HIV can decrease the possibility to infect their newborns with the virus. The pregnancy, autoimmune diseases, and the use of ART are known factors for the progress of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome due to the abrupt recovery of immune response. In this review we describe some of these changes during the pregnancy and puerperium without any disease added, furthermore we propose a possible behavior of Th1/Th2 profile in women who live with HIV and receive ART during the first year of postpartum.
ABSTRACT
In this work, bulb extracts of Tigridia vanhouttei were obtained by maceration with solvents of increasing polarity. The extracts were evaluated against a panel of pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains using the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was tested against two cell lines (THP-1 and A549) using the MTT assay. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was evaluated in THP-1 cells by measuring the secretion of pro-inflammatory (IL-6 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines by ELISA. The chemical composition of the extracts was recorded by FTIR spectroscopy, and their chemical profiles were evaluated using GC-MS. The results revealed that only hexane extract inhibited the growth of the clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 200 µg/mL. Against THP-1 cells, hexane and chloroform extracts were moderately cytotoxic, as they exhibited LC50 values of 90.16, and 46.42 µg/mL, respectively. Treatment with methanol extract was weakly cytotoxic at LC50 443.12 µg/mL against the same cell line. Against the A549 cell line, hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts were weakly cytotoxic because of their LC50 values: 294.77, 1472.37, and 843.12 µg/mL. The FTIR analysis suggested the presence of natural products were confirmed by carboxylic acids, ketones, hydroxyl groups, or esters. The GC-MS profile of extracts revealed the presence of phytosterols, tetracyclic triterpenes, multiple fatty acids, and sugars. This report confirms the antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities of T. vanhouttei.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Caracterizar resultados visuales del implante de lente intraocular plegable de cámara posterior suturada al iris en la afaquia traumática de pacientes pediátricos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio preexperimental, prospectivo, longitudinal con 17 niños, con seguimiento de un año. Se les realizó examen oftalmológico completo y se evaluaron variables como edad, sexo, lateralidad, mejor agudeza visual sin corrección, con corrección, resultados refractivos, presión intraocular, y complicaciones. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 13,2 años, masculinos fueron el 64,7 por ciento. La mejor agudeza visual sin corrección en el preoperatorio fue del 47,1 por ciento <0,1 y con corrección de 0,7, al año del posoperatorio fue de 0,43/0,78, respectivamente. La presión intraocular preoperatoria fue de 14,1 mm Hg, y al año 14,71 mm Hg. La densidad celular en el preoperatorio fue de 2559.76 células/mm2 y al año de 2475,88 células/mm2. La hexagonalidad preoperatorio fue del 53,12 por ciento y al año del 56,94 por ciento. El cilindro preoperatorio -1,35 D y el 23,5 por ciento presentó astigmatismo inducido al año del posoperatorio. Conclusiones: La aplicación del implante de lente intraocular plegable de cámara posterior suturada al iris en la afaquia traumática de pacientes pediátricos logra mejorar su agudeza visual y la complicación más frecuente fue el edema corneal(AU)
Objective: To characterize visual outcomes of iris-sutured posterior chamber foldable intraocular lens implantation in traumatic aphakia in pediatric patients. Methods: A pre-experimental, prospective, longitudinal, pre-experimental study was performed with 17 children, with a one-year follow-up. A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed and variables such as age, sex, laterality, best visual acuity without correction, with correction, refractive results, intraocular pressure and complications were evaluated. Results: The average age was 13.2 years, 64.7 percent were male. The best visual acuity without correction preoperatively was 47.1 percent <0.1 and with correction 0.7, one year postoperative visual acuity was 0.43/0.78, respectively. Preoperative intraocular pressure was 14.1 mm Hg, and at one year 14.71 mm Hg. Cell density preoperatively was 2559.76 cells/mm2 and at one year 2475.88 cells/mm2. The preoperative hexagonality was 53.12 percent and at one year 56.94 percent. Preoperative cylinder -1.35 D and 23.5 percent presented induced astigmatism at one year postoperatively. Conclusions: The application of posterior chamber foldable intraocular lens implant sutured to the iris in traumatic aphakia in pediatric patients achieves improved visual acuity and the most frequent complication was corneal edema(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Aphakia , Corneal Edema/complications , Prospective Studies , Longitudinal StudiesABSTRACT
Objetivo: Caracterizar los resultados refractivos del implante de una lente intraocular plegable de cámara posterior suturada al iris en la afaquia sin o con inadecuado soporte capsular. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y longitudinal, en el que se incluyeron 30 pacientes (30 ojos) seguidos por un período de un año de septiembre de 2019 a septiembre de 2021, después del implante de una lente intraocular de cámara posterior suturada al iris en la afaquia. Se les realizó examen oftalmológico completo y se evaluaron variables como mejor agudeza visual sin corrección, con corrección, resultados refractivos, presión intraocular, astigmatismo inducido, densidad celular y complicaciones. Resultados: La mejor agudeza visual sin corrección en el preoperatorio fue del 93,3 por ciento (<0,1) y con corrección de 0,66, al año del posoperatorio fue de 0,493/0,890, respectivamente. La presión intraocular preoperatoria fue de 20,7 mmHg, y al año 19,7 mmHg. La densidad celular en el preoperatorio fue de 1755,7 cél/mm2 y al año fue de 1363,8 cél/mm2, y en los pacientes bien corregidos al mes del posoperatorio fue de 73,4 por ciento y al año de 70 por ciento. El astigmatismo inducido en el posoperatorio al año fue de -0,51 D. Conclusiones: La agudeza visual sin corrección y con corrección mejoran después del implante de una lente intraocular plegable de cámara posterior suturada al iris en la afaquia sin o con inadecuado soporte capsular. Predominan los pacientes bien corregidos, sin cambios en la presión intraocular y la complicación más frecuente fue el edema corneal(AU)
Objective: To characterize the refractive outcomes of implanting a posterior chamber foldable intraocular lens sutured to the iris in aphakia without or with inadequate capsular support. Methods: A descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study was carried out, including 30 patients (30 eyes) followed up for a period of one year, from September 2019 to September 2021, after being implanted a posterior chamber intraocular lens sutured to the iris in aphakia. Complete ophthalmologic examination was performed and variables were assessed, such as best visual acuity without correction, with correction, refractive results, intraocular pressure, induced astigmatism, cell density and complications. Results: The best visual acuity without correction in the preoperative period was 93.3 % (<0.1) and 0.66 with correction; while one-year postoperative visual acuity was 0.493 and 0.890, respectively. Preoperative intraocular pressure was 20.7 mmHg, while it was 19.7 mmHg at one year. Preoperatively cell density was 1755.7 cells/mm2, and it was 1363.8 cells/mm2 at one year it; while in well-corrected patients, it was 73.4 percent at one month postoperatively and 70 percent at one year. Postoperative induced astigmatism at one year was -0.51 D. Conclusions: Both uncorrected and corrected visual acuity improve after implantation of a posterior chamber foldable intraocular lens sutured to the iris in aphakia without or with inadequate capsular support. Well-corrected patients predominate, with no change in intraocular pressure, while the most frequent complication was corneal edema(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Aphakia , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) syndrome is a rare condition of unknown etiology, characterized by acute onset of pigment dispersion in the anterior chamber, depigmentation of the iris, and heavy pigment deposition in the anterior chamber angle, with bilateral involvement in most cases. We present a case of a 46-year-old healthy woman, who developed BAIT in both eyes, following the use of topical moxifloxacin/dexamethasone for bilateral bacterial conjunctivitis, followed by a nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in the left eye.
ABSTRACT
Introducción : Es de vital importancia considerar que la toxina del veneno de la avispa puede ocasionar una reacción violenta que daña la función visual, es por ello que presentamos el siguiente caso relacionado. Cuadro Clínico : Mujer de 32 años con antecedente de picadura de avispa hace 24 horas en ojo derecho; disminución de la agudeza visual, enrojecimiento, lagrimeo, dolor, secreción; agudeza visual de cuenta dedos a 2 metros del ojo derecho y 20/25 ojo izquierdo, con presiones intraoculares de 12 y 13; biomicroscopía hiperemia conjuntival con inyección periciliar 3+, cuerpo extraño en córnea hasta estoma con edema 3+, estrías en la Descemet ojo derecho. Resultados : Se procede a la extracción del cuerpo extraño con previa protección antimicrobiana con antibiótico tobramicina, antiinflamatorio esteroideo prednisolona, hipertónicas y lubricante mixto carboximetilcelulosa y glicerina. A la semana, se observa la formación de una opacidad capsular anterior con signos de atrofia iridiana que empieza a dar un "cambio de color del iris", a las dos semanas se evidencia la dilatación de la vasculatura periciliar, a horas 4, y a las 3 semanas el paciente presenta una agudeza visual de 20/25 ambos ojos, con transparencia corneal, persistencia de la atrofia iridiana y catarata traumática capsular anterior, con remisión de sintomatología en el paciente. Conclusiones : No se sabe el componente exacto del veneno que produce los signos previamente descritos, existen teorías de que puede deberse a un componente con acción parasimpaticomimética, el mismo que se relaciona a otras observaciones clínicas de despigmentación local y heterocromía.
Introduction : It is very important to consider that the toxin present in wasp venom may lead to a severe reaction damaging visual function. This is the reason why we present the following case. Clinical Picture : This is a 32-year-old-female who was bitten by a wasp 24 hours ago in her right eye. She had visual acuity reduction, reddening, tearing, pain, and secretion. Her visual acuity was counting fingers at two-meter distance from her right eye and 20/25 in the left eye. Intraocular pressure was 12 and 13. Biomicroscopy showed conjunctival hiperemia with 3+ periciliary injection. There was a foreign body in the cornea towards the stoma, with 3+ edema. There were striae in the right Descemet. Resultados: We took out the foreign body with previous antimicrobial protection including an antibacterial (tobramycin) and a steroid anti-inflammatory compound (prednisolone). Hypertonic solution and mixed lubricants were also administered, including a mixed lubricant, carboxymethylcellulose, and glycerin. One week afterwards, we observed the formation of an anterior capsular opacity with signs of iris atrophy which led to a 'change of color in the iris'. Two weeks afterwards we observed periciliary vascular dilatation, at 4-hour meridian; and on the third week, the patient had 20/25 visual acuity in both eyes. Her cornea was transparent, there was persistence of iris atrophy, and there was an anterior capsular cataract. Her symptoms subsided. Conclusiones : The exact component of wasp venom leading to the described signs is not known. It has been proposed that it may be a compound with parasympathomimetic action, and this has been related with other clinical observations indicating local depigmentation and heterochromia.
ABSTRACT
The cold storage of milt implies potentials alterations in its quality because the storage generates as main process, free radicals that produce spermatozoa membrane lipids damage with the consequent motility and fertilising capacity disruptions. To decrease the damage generated by free radicals the cells have antioxidant defences (proteins, enzymes, and low molecular weight substances). The objective of the present study evaluated the time storage effect and different antioxidants prepared in spermatic diluents on sperm viability of O. mykiss milt stored at 4°C. The two-way ANOVA denoted that the time storage and antioxidant influence have significant effects separated or combined on viability parameters (sperm motility and viability, proteins concentrations and superoxide dismutase enzymatic activity in seminal plasma). In contrast, only the storage time affected the fertilising capacity and catalase enzymatic activity in seminal plasma. The resulting analysis can conclude that the antioxidant presence improves the viability of cold stored milt, especially the transport conditions and the antioxidants allow the fecundity despite motility decrease.(AU)
O armazenamento a frio de leite implica potenciais alterações em sua qualidade, pois gera como processo principal radicais livres que provocam danos aos lipídios da membrana dos espermatozoides, com as consequentes alterações na motilidade e na capacidade de fertilização. Para diminuir os danos causados pelos radicais livres, as células têm defesas antioxidantes (proteínas, enzimas e substâncias de baixo peso molecular). O presente estudo avaliou o efeito do tempo de armazenamento e diferentes antioxidantes preparados em diluentes espermáticos no armazenamento de viabilidade de O. mykiss milt a 4°C. A ANOVA de duas vias denotou que o armazenamento no tempo e a influência antioxidante têm efeitos significativos separados ou combinados nos parâmetros de viabilidade (motilidade espermática, viabilidade espermática, concentrações de proteínas e atividade enzimática da superóxido dismutase no plasma seminal), enquanto apenas o tempo de armazenamento afetou a capacidade de fertilização e atividade enzimática da catalase no plasma seminal. A análise resultante pode concluir que a presença de antioxidante melhora a viabilidade do leite frio, especialmente as condições de transporte, e os antioxidantes permitem a fecundidade apesar da diminuição da motilidade.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Oncorhynchus mykiss , Semen/drug effects , Catalase/analysis , Cryopreservation/methods , Analysis of VarianceABSTRACT
Abstract The cold storage of milt implies potentials alterations in its quality because the storage generates as main process, free radicals that produce spermatozoa membrane lipids damage with the consequent motility and fertilising capacity disruptions. To decrease the damage generated by free radicals the cells have antioxidant defences (proteins, enzymes, and low molecular weight substances). The objective of the present study evaluated the time storage effect and different antioxidants prepared in spermatic diluents on sperm viability of O. mykiss milt stored at 4°C. The two-way ANOVA denoted that the time storage and antioxidant influence have significant effects separated or combined on viability parameters (sperm motility and viability, proteins concentrations and superoxide dismutase enzymatic activity in seminal plasma). In contrast, only the storage time affected the fertilising capacity and catalase enzymatic activity in seminal plasma. The resulting analysis can conclude that the antioxidant presence improves the viability of cold stored milt, especially the transport conditions and the antioxidants allow the fecundity despite motility decrease.
Resumo O armazenamento a frio de leite implica potenciais alterações em sua qualidade, pois gera como processo principal radicais livres que provocam danos aos lipídios da membrana dos espermatozoides, com as consequentes alterações na motilidade e na capacidade de fertilização. Para diminuir os danos causados pelos radicais livres, as células têm defesas antioxidantes (proteínas, enzimas e substâncias de baixo peso molecular). O presente estudo avaliou o efeito do tempo de armazenamento e diferentes antioxidantes preparados em diluentes espermáticos no armazenamento de viabilidade de O. mykiss milt a 4°C. A ANOVA de duas vias denotou que o armazenamento no tempo e a influência antioxidante têm efeitos significativos separados ou combinados nos parâmetros de viabilidade (motilidade espermática, viabilidade espermática, concentrações de proteínas e atividade enzimática da superóxido dismutase no plasma seminal), enquanto apenas o tempo de armazenamento afetou a capacidade de fertilização e atividade enzimática da catalase no plasma seminal. A análise resultante pode concluir que a presença de antioxidante melhora a viabilidade do leite frio, especialmente as condições de transporte, e os antioxidantes permitem a fecundidade apesar da diminuição da motilidade.
ABSTRACT
Abstract The cold storage of milt implies potentials alterations in its quality because the storage generates as main process, free radicals that produce spermatozoa membrane lipids damage with the consequent motility and fertilising capacity disruptions. To decrease the damage generated by free radicals the cells have antioxidant defences (proteins, enzymes, and low molecular weight substances). The objective of the present study evaluated the time storage effect and different antioxidants prepared in spermatic diluents on sperm viability of O. mykiss milt stored at 4°C. The two-way ANOVA denoted that the time storage and antioxidant influence have significant effects separated or combined on viability parameters (sperm motility and viability, proteins concentrations and superoxide dismutase enzymatic activity in seminal plasma). In contrast, only the storage time affected the fertilising capacity and catalase enzymatic activity in seminal plasma. The resulting analysis can conclude that the antioxidant presence improves the viability of cold stored milt, especially the transport conditions and the antioxidants allow the fecundity despite motility decrease.
Resumo O armazenamento a frio de leite implica potenciais alterações em sua qualidade, pois gera como processo principal radicais livres que provocam danos aos lipídios da membrana dos espermatozoides, com as consequentes alterações na motilidade e na capacidade de fertilização. Para diminuir os danos causados pelos radicais livres, as células têm defesas antioxidantes (proteínas, enzimas e substâncias de baixo peso molecular). O presente estudo avaliou o efeito do tempo de armazenamento e diferentes antioxidantes preparados em diluentes espermáticos no armazenamento de viabilidade de O. mykiss milt a 4°C. A ANOVA de duas vias denotou que o armazenamento no tempo e a influência antioxidante têm efeitos significativos separados ou combinados nos parâmetros de viabilidade (motilidade espermática, viabilidade espermática, concentrações de proteínas e atividade enzimática da superóxido dismutase no plasma seminal), enquanto apenas o tempo de armazenamento afetou a capacidade de fertilização e atividade enzimática da catalase no plasma seminal. A análise resultante pode concluir que a presença de antioxidante melhora a viabilidade do leite frio, especialmente as condições de transporte, e os antioxidantes permitem a fecundidade apesar da diminuição da motilidade.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Oncorhynchus mykiss , Sperm Motility , Spermatozoa , Cryopreservation , AntioxidantsABSTRACT
The cold storage of milt implies potentials alterations in its quality because the storage generates as main process, free radicals that produce spermatozoa membrane lipids damage with the consequent motility and fertilising capacity disruptions. To decrease the damage generated by free radicals the cells have antioxidant defences (proteins, enzymes, and low molecular weight substances). The objective of the present study evaluated the time storage effect and different antioxidants prepared in spermatic diluents on sperm viability of O. mykiss milt stored at 4°C. The two-way ANOVA denoted that the time storage and antioxidant influence have significant effects separated or combined on viability parameters (sperm motility and viability, proteins concentrations and superoxide dismutase enzymatic activity in seminal plasma). In contrast, only the storage time affected the fertilising capacity and catalase enzymatic activity in seminal plasma. The resulting analysis can conclude that the antioxidant presence improves the viability of cold stored milt, especially the transport conditions and the antioxidants allow the fecundity despite motility decrease.
O armazenamento a frio de leite implica potenciais alterações em sua qualidade, pois gera como processo principal radicais livres que provocam danos aos lipídios da membrana dos espermatozoides, com as consequentes alterações na motilidade e na capacidade de fertilização. Para diminuir os danos causados pelos radicais livres, as células têm defesas antioxidantes (proteínas, enzimas e substâncias de baixo peso molecular). O presente estudo avaliou o efeito do tempo de armazenamento e diferentes antioxidantes preparados em diluentes espermáticos no armazenamento de viabilidade de O. mykiss milt a 4°C. A ANOVA de duas vias denotou que o armazenamento no tempo e a influência antioxidante têm efeitos significativos separados ou combinados nos parâmetros de viabilidade (motilidade espermática, viabilidade espermática, concentrações de proteínas e atividade enzimática da superóxido dismutase no plasma seminal), enquanto apenas o tempo de armazenamento afetou a capacidade de fertilização e atividade enzimática da catalase no plasma seminal. A análise resultante pode concluir que a presença de antioxidante melhora a viabilidade do leite frio, especialmente as condições de transporte, e os antioxidantes permitem a fecundidade apesar da diminuição da motilidade.
Subject(s)
Animals , Catalase/analysis , Cryopreservation/methods , Oncorhynchus mykiss , Semen/drug effects , Analysis of VarianceABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Iridociliary ring melanoma is an uncommon type of uveal melanoma. Clinical manifestation varies from asymptomatic cases to masquerade syndromes mimicking refractory glaucoma. Treatment options include radiotherapy and enucleation. Management of metastatic uveal melanoma remains discouraging. Novel therapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently under study. We present a case of a 54-year-old Hispanic woman with progressive vision loss due to metastatic ring melanoma with anterior chamber seeding treated with pembrolizumab.
RESUMO O melanoma iridociliar em anel é um tipo incomum de melanoma uveal. As manifestações clínicas variam desde casos assintomáticos até síndromes mascaradas que mimetizam um glaucoma refratário. As opções de tratamento incluem radioterapia e enucleação. O manejo do melanoma uveal metastático continua desanimador. Novas terapias usando inibidores de checkpoint imunológico estão atualmente em estudo. Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher hispânica de 54 anos com perda progressiva da visão por um melanoma metastático em anel, com semeadura de câmara anterior, tratada com pembrolizumabe.
ABSTRACT
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and AIDS are the leading causes of infectious diseases death worldwide. Here, we investigated the relationship between from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NLRP3, CARD8, AIM2, CASP-1, IFI16, and IL-1ß inflammasome genes, as well as the profiles of secreted proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1ß, IL-18, IL-33, and IL-6) with the TB clinical profiles, TB-HIV coinfection, and IRIS onset. Methods: The individuals were divided into four groups: TB-HIV group (n=88; 11 of them with IRIS), HIV-1 group (n=20), TB group (n=24) and healthy volunteers (HC) group (n=10), and were followed up at INI/FIOCRUZ and HGNI (Rio de Janeiro/Brazil) from 2006 to 2016. Real-time PCR was used to determine the genotypes of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs), and ELISA was used to measure the plasma cytokine levels. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to perform risk estimations. Results: A higher risk for extrapulmonary TB was associated with the TT genotype (aOR=6.76; P=0.026) in the NLRP3 rs4612666 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) and the C-C-T-G-C haplotype (aOR=4.99; P= 0.017) in the NLRP3 variants. This same Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) was associated with lower risk against extrapulmonary TB when the carrier allele C (aOR=0.15; P=0.021) was present. Among those with HIV-1 infections, a higher risk for TB onset was associated with the GA genotype (aOR=5.5; P=0.044) in the IL1-ß rs1143634 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). In contrast, lower risk against TB onset was associated with the A-G haplotype (aOR=0.17; P= 0.026) in the CARD8 variants. Higher IL-6 and IL-33 levels were observed in individuals with TB. A higher risk for IRIS onset was associated with CD8 counts ≤ 500 cells/mm3 (aOR=12.32; P=0.010), the presence of extrapulmonary TB (aOR=6.6; P=0.038), and the CT genotype (aOR=61.06; P=0.026) or carrier allele T (aOR=61.06; P=0.026) in the AIM2 rs2276405 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), whereas lower risk against IRIS onset was associated with the AT genotype (aOR=0.02; P=0.033) or carrier allele T (aOR=0.02; P=0.029) in the CARD8 rs2043211 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) and the T-G haplotype (aOR=0.07; P= 0.033) in the CARD8 variants. No other significant associations were observed. Conclusions: Our results depict the involvement of genetic polymorphisms of crucial innate immunity genes and proinflammatory cytokines in the clinical outcomes related to TB-HIV coinfection.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , HIV-1 , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome , Tuberculosis , Brazil , CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/genetics , Humans , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/complications , Inflammasomes/genetics , Interleukin-18/genetics , Interleukin-33/genetics , Interleukin-6/genetics , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics , Neoplasm Proteins/genetics , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
Los quistes epiteliales del iris o de cámara anterior son una rara y grave complicación tras la cirugía o traumatismos penetrantes del segmento anterior del ojo. Son secundarios a la invasión epitelial de la cámara anterior. Se ha descrito una incidencia de 0,09-0,12 por ciento, aunque estudios histopatológicos en ojos enucleados, tras cirugía de cataratas señalan una incidencia del 16 por ciento. Frecuentemente evolucionan hacia un aumento progresivo de tamaño y la producción de complicaciones visuales como glaucoma (de ángulo abierto por liberación de contenido mucoso del quiste, o cerrado), uveítis, descompensación corneal y membranas retrocorneales. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 61 años de edad, que acude a consulta tras una cirugía de dos meses de evolución, en la que se le realizó una cirugía combinada de catarata y glaucoma Al examen en lámpara de hendidura le son detectados varios quistes retroiridianos(AU)
Iris epithelial or anterior chamber cysts are a rare and serious complication following surgery or penetrating trauma to the anterior segment of the eye. They are secondary to epithelial invasion of the anterior chamber. An incidence of 0.09-0.12 percent has been described, although histopathological studies in enucleated eyes after cataract surgery indicate an incidence of 16 percent. They frequently evolve towards a progressive increase in size and the production of visual complications such as glaucoma (open angle due to the release of mucous content of the cyst, or closed), uveitis, corneal decompensation and retrocorneal membranes. We present the case of a 61-year-old male patient, who came to the clinic after a two-month surgery, in which he underwent a combined cataract and glaucoma surgery(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cysts , Anterior Eye Segment/injuriesABSTRACT
Background: Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is a clinical aggravation of TB symptoms observed among a fraction of HIV coinfected patients shortly after the start of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Of note, TB-IRIS is characterized by exacerbated inflammation and tissue damage that occurs in response to the elevated production of CD4+ T cell-derived IFN-γ. Nevertheless, the possible participation of CD8+ T cells in TB-IRIS development remains unclear. Methods: We performed a comprehensive assessment of the composition of CD8+ T cell memory subsets and their association with circulating inflammation-related molecules in TB-HIV coinfected patients initiating ART. Results: We found that TB-IRIS individuals display higher frequencies of Antigen-experienced CD8+ T cells during the onset of IRIS and that the levels of these cells positively correlate with baseline mycobacterial smear grade. TB-IRIS individuals exhibited higher frequencies of effector memory and lower percentages of naïve CD8+ T cells than their Non-IRIS counterparts. In both TB-IRIS and Non-IRIS patients, ART commencement was associated with fewer significant correlations among memory CD8+ T cells and cells from other immune compartments. Networks analysis revealed distinct patterns of correlation between each memory subset with inflammatory cytokines suggesting different dynamics of CD8+ T cell memory subsets reconstitution. TB-IRIS patients displayed lower levels of memory cells positive for CXCR3 (a chemokine receptor that plays a role in trafficking activated CD8+ T cells to the tissues) than Non-IRIS individuals before and after ART. Furthermore, we found that CXCR3+ naïve CD8+ T cells were inversely associated with the risk of TB-IRIS development. On the other hand, we noticed that the frequencies of CXCR3+ effector CD8+ T cells were positively associated with the probability of TB-IRIS development. Conclusion: Our data suggest that TB-IRIS individuals display a distinct profile of memory CD8+ T cell subsets reconstitution after ART initiation. Moreover, our data point to a differential association between the frequencies of CXCR3+ CD8+ T cells and the risk of TB-IRIS development. Collectively, our findings lend insights into the potential role of memory CD8+ T cells in TB-IRIS pathophysiology.