Methods and rationale of the DISCOVER CKD global observational study.

BACKGROUND: Real-world data for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), specifically pertaining to clinical management, metabolic control, treatment patterns, quality of life (QoL) and dietary patterns, are limited. Understanding these gaps using real-world, routine care data will improve our understanding of the challenges and consequences faced by patients with CKD, and will facilitate the long-term goal of improving their management and prognosis. METHODS: DISCOVER CKD follows an enriched hybrid study design, with both retrospective and prospective patient cohorts, integrating primary and secondary data from patients with CKD from China, Italy, Japan, Sweden, the UK and the USA. Data will be prospectively captured over a 3-year period from >1000 patients with CKD who will be followed up for at least 1 year via electronic case report form entry during routine clinical visits and also via a mobile/tablet-based application, enabling the capture of patient-reported outcomes (PROs). In-depth interviews will be conducted in a subset of ∼100 patients. Separately, secondary data will be retrospectively captured from >2 000 000 patients with CKD, extracted from existing datasets and registries. RESULTS: The DISCOVER CKD program captures and will report on patient demographics, biomarker and laboratory measurements, medical histories, clinical outcomes, healthcare resource utilization, medications, dietary patterns, physical activity and PROs (including QoL and qualitative interviews). CONCLUSIONS: The DISCOVER CKD program will provide contemporary real-world insight to inform clinical practice and improve our understanding of the epidemiology and clinical and economic burden of CKD, as well as determinants of clinical outcomes and PROs from a range of geographical regions in a real-world CKD setting.

Role of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in ovarian cancer.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), has the highest worldwide mortality of all gynecological tumors, in 75% of cases is diagnosed in advanced stages. Despite of treatments with maximal cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and platinum-based chemotherapy (CT), approximately 70% of patients with advancedstage disease relapse within 18 months, given this high number of recurrences, new approaches are needed to improve outcomes for these patients. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has fundamentally changed the treatment of patients with ovarian cancer, with complete CRS and locoregional administration of chemotherapy. The purpose of this review is to find the most relevant, reliable published evidence of the use of HIPEC in ovarian cancer, together with an overview of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), procedures, therapeutic approaches in first-line and recurrent disease, the benefit of hyperthermia, selection of the ideal patient for the HIPEC procedures as well to analyze the disease free survival (DFS), morbidity, mortality and overall survival (OS) in patients with ovary cancer. So far, the small amount of evidence points favorably to the use of CRS and HIPEC as a first line of therapy, but more prospective randomized trials are needed to officially adopt this procedure as a standard of care, additionally patients need to know this option exists.

Rationale use of Thalidomide in erythema nodosum leprosum - A non-systematic critical analysis of published case reports

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Thalidomide is an anti- tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) drug used mainly in the management of moderate to severe form of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL). Because of its teratogenic potential it has to be used under proper supervision. Our critical analysis tries to look into the rationale with which it has been used by means of case reports on lepra reaction. METHODS: We looked for the case reports between December 2005 to June 2019 in databases like Pubmed, Embase and other relevant resources. We used search words like "erythema nodosum leprosum(ENL)", "thalidomide", "case report" in different combinations to get relevant reports that focus on thalidomide usage atleast once at any time point during management. The information extracted were indication of thalidomide use, dose, response, outcome, complication if any, along with all the demographic details and geographical distribution. RESULTS: We found 41 case reports eligible for analysis.The information was critically evaluated. From the analysis it was found that 7 of the case report mentioned the exact indication, 4 case report showed irrational use of thalidomide in the case of neuritis without use of steroids, 7 showed proper use of Clofazimine prior to thalidomide initiation, 26 case report showed case report of rationale dose range and in 4 case reports clofazimine was used prior to thalidomide along with the rational dose of thalidomide. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis helps to guide the rationale use of thalidomide focussing on few important points that anyone should keep in mind while managing a case of ENL.

Bilateral magnetic resonance imaging findings in individuals with unilateral shoulder pain.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used to diagnose structural abnormalities in the shoulder. However, subsequent findings may not be the source of symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine comparative MRI findings across both shoulders of individuals with unilateral shoulder symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 123 individuals from the community who had self-reported unilateral shoulder pain with no signs of adhesive capsulitis, no substantial range-of-motion deficit, no history of upper-limb fractures, no repeated shoulder dislocations, and no neck-related pain. Images in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes with T1, T2, and proton density sequences were generated and independently and randomly interpreted by 2 examiners: a board-certified, fellowship-trained orthopedic shoulder surgeon and a musculoskeletal radiologist. Absolute and relative frequencies for each MRI finding were calculated and compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders. Agreement between the shoulder surgeon and the radiologist was also determined. RESULTS: Abnormal MRI findings were highly prevalent in both shoulders. Only the frequencies of full-thickness tears in the supraspinatus tendon and glenohumeral osteoarthritis were higher (approximately 10%) in the symptomatic shoulder according to the surgeon's findings. Agreement between the musculoskeletal radiologist and shoulder surgeon ranged from slight to moderate (0.00-0.51). CONCLUSION: Most abnormal MRI findings were not different in frequency between symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders. Clinicians should be aware of the common anatomic findings on MRI when considering diagnostic and treatment planning.

A racionalidade nutricional e sua influência na medicalização da comida no Brasil / The nutritional rationale and its influence on the medicalization of food in Brazil

Resumo Ensaio baseado em reflexão teórico conceitual acerca do conceito racionalidade nutricional e sua relação com a medicalização da comida, onde se buscou apontar a influência que práticas alimentares sofrem do suposto estado de supremacia que a ciência detém, a qual sugere em seu discurso a necessidade de saúde. A partir do pressuposto da racionalidade nutricional como dever comer, supõe-se que este participa do processo de medicalização da comida ao descredenciar o sujeito do autocuidado alimentar, engendrar a ideia de risco de suposta alimentação inadequada e fomentar a ideia de que comer bem é comer de acordo com princípios científicos. A disseminação para o grande público de estudos científicos e os resultados de pesquisas relevam o papel da racionalidade nutricional na promoção de "melhor" saúde em detrimento da existencialidade da comida e de seu papel agregador nas relações intersubjetivas.

Abstract This is an article based on a theoretical and conceptual reflection on the concept of nutritional rationale and its relation to the medicalization of food. The objective is to highlight the influence that eating habits suffer from the alleged condition of supremacy that science holds, which proclaims the need for health in its discourse. Based on the assumption of nutritional rationale as an eating obligation, it is assumed that it is responsible for the process of the medicalization of food. This is achieved by disqualifying the individual from self-care in terms of food, instilling the idea of the risk that comes from supposedly inadequate eating habits and fomenting the idea that to eat well is to eat accordingly to scientific principles. The dissemination of scientific studies and the results of research to the general public reveals the part played by eating in promoting a state of "better" health at the expense of the existentiality of food and its role as the aggregator in intersubjective relations.

Development of a buccal mucoadhesive film for fast dissolution: mathematical rationale, production and physicochemical characterization.

The validity of a mathematical rationale for preparation of a fast-dissolving buccal mucoadhesive was tested. A buccal mucoadhesive biopolymeric formulation has been developed having pullulan as the main component. The formulation was duly evaluated physicochemically, via assays for intrinsic viscosity (resulting in 71.61 cm3 g(-1)), differential scanning calorimetry analysis (resulting in a Tg = 63 °C), thermogravimetric analysis (244-341 °C), moisture content determinations (14%, w/w), dissolution timeframe (41.6 s), mucoadhesion force (40 kg/cm2), scanning electron microscopy analyses (critical ray under 1.0 µm), mechanic strength (tensile strength = 58 N/mm2, deformation = 4.4%). The mucoadhesive formulation exhibited important characteristics for a drug carrier, that is, a 6 cm2 area, a fast dissolution timeframe, an adequate mucoadhesivity, resistance to both oxygen and water vapor penetration, increased viscosity in solution (ranging from 33.2 cm3/g to 71.61 cm3/g), easy molding, suitable water solubility and transparency.

Compreender as racionalidades leigas sobre saúde e doença / Understanding lay rationalities about health and illness

A ciência é uma forma de conhecimento que foi instituída como a forma de conhecer a verdade única e universalmente válida, assente nas questões epistemológicas e nos critérios de rigor metodológico. O saber leigo, popular, que preenche a vida e orienta a ação quotidiana, busca o significado através do simbólico cultural, no que é o oposto do conhecimento científico. A questão das possibilidades de conhecimento sobre a realidade social situou o debate nos modos de produção de conhecimento e na consequente contingência dessas mesmas produções, o que sustenta a afirmação de que todas as formas de conhecimentos são válidas nos seus contextos de produção. Em matéria de saúde e doença, a produção sociológica tem desvendado os conteúdos do saber leigo e a sua incontestável presença na experiência individual, desde a percepção dos fenômenos no corpo até a relação com a instituição médica. Este texto parte de uma reflexão sociológica sobre a questão do conhecimento. Em seguida, revê o essencial da literatura sociológica sobre o saber leigo de saúde e doença. Finaliza com uma proposta de compreensão dos processos do saber leigo como racionalidades que, na forma de configurações de elementos interdependentes, sustentam as práticas de saúde na vida quotidiana.

Science is the form of knowledge that has been established as a way to know the only and universally valid truth, based on the epistemological questions and criteria of methodological rigor. The lay knowledge that fills life and guides daily actions, seeks meaning through the symbolic cultural, as opposed to scientific knowledge. The issue of knowledge possibilities about the social reality placed the debate on ways of knowledge production and the consequent contingency of those productions, which substantiates the claim that all forms of knowledge are valid in their context of production. In terms of health and illness, the sociological production has unveiled the contents of lay knowledge and its indisputable presence in individual experience, since the perception of bodily phenomena until the relationship with the medical establishment. This text takes a sociological production on the knowledge issue. Then it reviews the key sociological literature on lay knowledge about health and illness. It concludes with a proposal for understanding lay knowledge processes as rationalities that, in the form of configurations of independent elements, keep health practices in everyday life.

Shen: categoria estruturante da racionalidade médica chinesa / Shen: structuring category in the rationale of Chinese medical

A medicina chinesa é hoje praticada no Ocidente e na própria China através das vertentes denominadas medicina clássica chinesa, medicina tradicional chinesa e medicina chinesa contemporânea, que divergem parcialmente em relação à valorização dada a algumas de suas categorias, entre elas a categoria Shen, freqüentemente traduzida no Ocidente como mente ou espírito. O presente artigo pretende estudar a medicina chinesa diante do conceito de racionalidade médica, definido pela presença de seis dimensões: cosmologia, dinâmica vital, doutrina médica, diagnose e terapêutica. Pretende, ainda, demonstrar a importância da categoria Shen em cada uma dessas dimensões, o que a faz estruturante da medicina chinesa como racionalidade médica. Sob tal perspectiva, a não valorização desta categoria poderia comprometer a medicina chinesa, transformando essa teoria milenar em mera prática terapêutica.

Today, Chinese medicine is practiced in the West and in China itself by means of classical Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, and contemporary Chinese medicine, which mainly diverge in the value given to some of their categories, including Shen, which is often translated in the West as 'mind' or 'spirit'. This article seeks to discuss Chinese medicine from the perspective of medical rationale, defined by the presence of six dimensions: cosmology, vital dynamics, medical doctrine, diagnosis and treatment. It also attempts to demonstrate the importance of Shen in each of these dimensions, making it an element that structures Chinese medicine as a medical rationale. Seen from this angle, the diminishment of this category could compromise Chinese medicine, turning this age-old theory into no more than a treatment.