The use of agitated saline as contrast agent in a contrast-enhanced cystosonography for detection of urinary bladder rupture in animal cadavers.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of microbubble contrast cystosonography in the diagnosis of bladder rupture in animals. DESIGN: Prospective, method comparison study from November 2019 to October 2020. SETTING: University teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Thirty-four ethically sourced cadavers of dogs, rats, and rabbits. INTERVENTIONS: In a prospective and blinded study, the cadavers were divided into 2 randomized groups: with bladder rupture (CR), and without bladder rupture (SR). Urinary catheterization was performed in all cadavers. Through the urethral catheter, bladders in CR group were ruptured using a rigid stainless steel guide wire. Microbubble contrast was infused into the bladder through the urethral catheter, while a single, blinded observer sonographically assessed the bladder. The time to diagnosis and the number of attempts needed for diagnosis were recorded. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The study included cadavers of 16 female Wistar rats, 6 female dogs, 11 male dogs, and 1 male rabbit. Time to diagnosis in dogs (2.25 ± 0.91 min) was statistically higher when compared to rats (1.15 ± 0.75 min; P = 0.03). Of the 34 cases, incorrect diagnosis of bladder rupture was made in only 2 dogs (6%), indicating a diagnostic sensitivity of 88.88%, specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 94%. The positive predictive value was 1 and the negative predictive value was 0.9. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the described method is accurate, sensitive, and specific for the detection of bladder rupture in animal cadavers of different species, size, and sex.

Endosurgery approach in a dog with thoracoabdominal injury

Background: Chest trauma is one of the main thoracic injuries in dogs and cats, reaching a high morbidity and mortality. The tissue damage, in thoracic trauma, can be underappreciated by visual exam and traditional radiography. The thoracoscopy can provide information for a precise definitive diagnosis, by this technique bleeding or air leakage can be identified and corrected immediately and the diaphragm can be completely evaluated. The aim of this work was to describe the thoracoscopic approach in a case of diaphragmatic perforation caused by penetrating trauma in a dog. Case: A 6-year-old male dog mixed-breed dog, weighing 14 kg with thorax perforation was presented to the Veterinary Hospital. Clinical examination of the animal revealed the following: pale mucous membranes, moderate dyspnea, open pneumothorax, abdominal distension, heart rate of 108 beats per minute and respiratory rate of 64 breaths per minute. Physical examination confirmed a 3 cm perforation hemorrhagic lesion in the left ninth intercostal space. As an emergency treatment, oxygen therapy, tramadol hydrochloride [Cronidor® 2%, 4 mg/kg, i.v, TID], tranexamic acid [Transamin® 25 mg/kg, i.v, TID], ceftriaxone [Rocefin® 50 mg/kg, i.v, BID] and fluid therapy with lactated Ringer's solution were administered. The hair was removed, and then, wound cleaning and obliteration of the wall injury with sterile gauze was performed. After the emergency stabilization, the animal was anesthetized, followed by preventive thoracocentesis by an approach close to thoracic perforation and thoracoscopy without pneumoperitonea through this thoracic perforation with 0-degree rigid endoscope. About 100 mL of blood and air was drained and diagnosed perforation in the diaphragm and pulmonary atelectasis in the caudal and left cranial lobes. the edges of the incisional wound were debrided, and the closure of thoracic incision was performed usual way. After that, the air was removed by a catheter and syringe system. A flexible plastic tube was inserted through the chest wall and into the pleural space for drainage every 2 h for 24 h. There were no intercurrences during the first 24 h after the surgical procedure. The patient was discharged 48 h after the surgery. Cephalexin [75 mg, 30 mg/kg, v.o, TID, during 5 days), Ketoprofen [20 mg, 2 mg/kg, v.o, SID, during 5 days], Tramadol Hydrochloride [50 mg, 4 mg/kg, v.o, SID, during 2 days] and Rifamycin spray at the wound site was prescribed. Ten days after surgery, the patient returned to the hospital for suture removal and reassessment. Discussion: The prognosis of chest perforation depends on the severity and number of internal and external thoracic lesions, as well as cardiovascular status at the time of initial patient care. In cases of penetrating chest trauma, it is essential to thoroughly examine the thoracic cavity for bleeding, tissue tears, and diaphragm perforation. The use of the endoscope allowed for a more detailed exploration of the chest without the need to increase the incision. When the diaphragm lesion was found, it was also possible to perform the abdominal examination by videoendoscopy, through this perforation. Laparotomy and thoracotomy cause postoperative pain and discomfort, in addition to increasing recovery time, however, even with trauma, not performing a larger incision favored the recovery of this patient, without any intercurrence in the first 24 h after the procedure. In conclusion, the endoscopic approach was efficient for diagnosis, avoiding greater trauma and contributing to a better clinical recovery of the patient.

Eventração paracostal de útero gravídico em cadela / Paracostal eventration of a pregnant uterus in a bitch

Background: Traumatic abdominal hernias result from trauma which causes muscular and fascia rupture, with dislocation of viscera into the subcutaneous space without perforation of the skin. Paracostal eventration, occurs due to avulsion of the abdominal external oblique and abdominal transverse muscles from their insertion point at the ribs, resulting in dislocation of the abdominal viscera into the subcutaneous region, lateral to the abdominal wall; however, there are few reports in the literature describing this type of lesion in dogs, especially when the herniated content is a gravid uterus. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of traumatic paracostal hernia of a pregnant uterus in a dog. Case: A 2-year-old pregnant bitch weighing 8.9 kg was presented with a sudden increase in abdominal volume lateral to the left thoracic wall which, according to the owner, started after the dog was hit by a car. On physical examination, the dog had a greenish vaginal secretion and the increased volume on the left paracostal region mentioned above. Laboratory exams showed normocytic normochromic anemia, slight leukocytosis without left shift, and a discreet increase in creatinine, urea, and alanine aminotransferase. Abdominal radiographs showed a lack of continuity of the left abdominal muscle wall, with passage of the uterine horn into the subcutaneous space lateral to the rib cage. After stabilization of the patient with fluid therapy and analgesia, the bitch was anesthetized with propofol intravenously, and maintained with isoflurane diluted in oxygen. Cephazolin was administered intravenously 30 min prior to the surgery as prophylactic antibiotic therapy. An exploratory celiotomy was then performed, where a defect in the internal and external oblique abdominal muscles and transverse abdominal muscle was observed at their point of origin and insertion at the...(AU)

Eventração paracostal de útero gravídico em cadela / Paracostal eventration of a pregnant uterus in a bitch

Background: Traumatic abdominal hernias result from trauma which causes muscular and fascia rupture, with dislocation of viscera into the subcutaneous space without perforation of the skin. Paracostal eventration, occurs due to avulsion of the abdominal external oblique and abdominal transverse muscles from their insertion point at the ribs, resulting in dislocation of the abdominal viscera into the subcutaneous region, lateral to the abdominal wall; however, there are few reports in the literature describing this type of lesion in dogs, especially when the herniated content is a gravid uterus. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of traumatic paracostal hernia of a pregnant uterus in a dog. Case: A 2-year-old pregnant bitch weighing 8.9 kg was presented with a sudden increase in abdominal volume lateral to the left thoracic wall which, according to the owner, started after the dog was hit by a car. On physical examination, the dog had a greenish vaginal secretion and the increased volume on the left paracostal region mentioned above. Laboratory exams showed normocytic normochromic anemia, slight leukocytosis without left shift, and a discreet increase in creatinine, urea, and alanine aminotransferase. Abdominal radiographs showed a lack of continuity of the left abdominal muscle wall, with passage of the uterine horn into the subcutaneous space lateral to the rib cage. After stabilization of the patient with fluid therapy and analgesia, the bitch was anesthetized with propofol intravenously, and maintained with isoflurane diluted in oxygen. Cephazolin was administered intravenously 30 min prior to the surgery as prophylactic antibiotic therapy. An exploratory celiotomy was then performed, where a defect in the internal and external oblique abdominal muscles and transverse abdominal muscle was observed at their point of origin and insertion at the...

Sonographic aspects of splenic torsion due to abdominal eventration in a dog

Background: The splenic torsion is a rare condition in dogs, especially when it is not associated with gastric dilatation and volvulus. Abdominal ultrasonography has been reported as an accurate diagnostic method in cases of splenic torsion suspicions. Splenomegaly, decreased echogenicity of the parenchyma of the spleen and hypoechoic appearance or “lace” are suggestive sonographic findings, although the definitive diagnosis is given through exploratory laparotomy. This study reports a case of splenic torsion followed by abdominal trauma and eventration in a dog, highlighting the importance of the ultrasound examination. Case: An adult dog without a defined breed pattern that weighed 8.6 kg was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras (Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA) with a history of trauma caused by having been run over by a car 24 h earlier. The animal exhibited right inguinal region swelling with hematoma and a loss of local muscular tension. An abdominal ultrasound indicated that the spleen was displaced to the right inguinal region and that a portion of the spleen was included in the animal’s abdominal eventration. The spleen possessed an irregular surface with increased dimensions and diffusely decreased echogenicity and multiple parallel echogenic lines (in the reticular aspect). Abrupt differences in the echogenic textures of the spleen were identified in certain images. Color Doppler assessments revealed no blood flow. Based on the aforementioned ultrasound findings, an exploratory laparotomy was indicated. The laparotomy confirmed the presence of right inguinal abdominal muscle rupture with dislocation, eventration, and splenic torsion. Discussion: Splenic torsion may be most frequently reported in cases involving large and giant male dogs because this condition is typically related to dilatation syndrome and gastric volvulus, which are more prevalent among large and giant male dogs than among other dogs […]

Sonographic aspects of splenic torsion due to abdominal eventration in a dog

Background: The splenic torsion is a rare condition in dogs, especially when it is not associated with gastric dilatation and volvulus. Abdominal ultrasonography has been reported as an accurate diagnostic method in cases of splenic torsion suspicions. Splenomegaly, decreased echogenicity of the parenchyma of the spleen and hypoechoic appearance or “lace” are suggestive sonographic findings, although the definitive diagnosis is given through exploratory laparotomy. This study reports a case of splenic torsion followed by abdominal trauma and eventration in a dog, highlighting the importance of the ultrasound examination. Case: An adult dog without a defined breed pattern that weighed 8.6 kg was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras (Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA) with a history of trauma caused by having been run over by a car 24 h earlier. The animal exhibited right inguinal region swelling with hematoma and a loss of local muscular tension. An abdominal ultrasound indicated that the spleen was displaced to the right inguinal region and that a portion of the spleen was included in the animals abdominal eventration. The spleen possessed an irregular surface with increased dimensions and diffusely decreased echogenicity and multiple parallel echogenic lines (in the reticular aspect). Abrupt differences in the echogenic textures of the spleen were identified in certain images. Color Doppler assessments revealed no blood flow. Based on the aforementioned ultrasound findings, an exploratory laparotomy was indicated. The laparotomy confirmed the presence of right inguinal abdominal muscle rupture with dislocation, eventration, and splenic torsion. Discussion: Splenic torsion may be most frequently reported in cases involving large and giant male dogs because this condition is typically related to dilatation syndrome and gastric volvulus, which are more prevalent among large and giant male dogs than among other dogs […](AU)

Laparotomia paramediana direita com cecostomia em equino com eventração: relato de caso / Right paramedian laparotomy with cecostomy in equine eventration: report of case / Laparotomía paramediana derecha con el caballo colostomía con eventración: reporte de un caso

A eventração é a ruptura da parede abdominal com saída de vísceras, ficando contida apenas pela pele.O trauma é a etiologia mais frequente na maioria dos casos e pode ocasionar estrangulação das porções acometidas.Após a lesão ocorre deposição de fibrina e construção de aglutinações fibrinosas, que serão degradadas em poucos dias ou transformadas em aderências fibrosas permanentes. O tratamento é cirúrgico e consiste na redução do conteúdo eventrado e reconstituição da parede abdominal. O propósito deste trabalho é reportar um caso de. eventração equina com aderência de ceco, atendido no setor de Clínica Médica e Terapêutica de Equídeos da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). O animal foi submetido à laparotomia paramediana direita com cecostomia e redução da eventração. O equino recebeu alta após 30 dias da intervenção com a ferida cirúrgica cicatrizada e sem evidências de complicações pós-operatórias.

The eventration is the rupture of the abdominal wall with output viscera, being restrained only by theskin. Trauma is the most frequent cause in most cases and may lead to strangulation of affected portions. Alter theinjury, the fibrin deposition and clumps fibrinous construction may be degraded in few days or transformed intopermanent fibrous adhesion. The treatment is surgical and consists to reduce the gut content and reconstitute abdominal wall. The purpose of this study is to report an equine eventration with cecal adhesion, atlended at Large Animal Medical and Surgical Clinic, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny College (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). The animal under went laparotomy with right paramedian cecostomy andreducing herniation. The horse was discharged after 30 days of intervention with the healed wound and no evidenceof post-operative complications.

A eventración es Ia ruptura de Ia pared abdominal con salida de Ias viseras, quedandó sostenida apenaspor lapiel. EI trauma es Ia etologia mas frecuente en Ia mayoria de los casos que puede ocasionar estrangulacion deIas porciones acometidas despues de Ia lesion ocurre deposição de fibrina y construccion de glutinaco es fibrinosasque seran degradads en pocos dias o transformadas en aderência fibrosas permanente. EI tratamento es cirúrgico que consiste en Ia reduccion dei contenido eventrada y Ia regeneracion de Ia pared abdominal. EI proposito de estetrabajo es reportar un caso de eventración equina com aderência de ceco atendido en el sector de clinica medica y terapêutica de equideos de Ia Facultad de Medicina Veterinária y Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de MatoGrosso do Sul (UFMS). EI animal fue sometido a laparotomia paramediana derecha con cecostomia y reduccion deIa eventración. EI equino tuvo de alta aios 30 dias de intervencion con Ia herida cirúrgica cicatrisada y sin evidenciade complicacion pos-operatória.

Laparotomia paramediana direita com cecostomia em equino com eventração: relato de caso / Right paramedian laparotomy with cecostomy in equine eventration: report of case / Laparotomía paramediana derecha con el caballo colostomía con eventración: reporte de un caso

A eventração é a ruptura da parede abdominal com saída de vísceras, ficando contida apenas pela pele.O trauma é a etiologia mais frequente na maioria dos casos e pode ocasionar estrangulação das porções acometidas.Após a lesão ocorre deposição de fibrina e construção de aglutinações fibrinosas, que serão degradadas em poucos dias ou transformadas em aderências fibrosas permanentes. O tratamento é cirúrgico e consiste na redução do conteúdo eventrado e reconstituição da parede abdominal. O propósito deste trabalho é reportar um caso de. eventração equina com aderência de ceco, atendido no setor de Clínica Médica e Terapêutica de Equídeos da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). O animal foi submetido à laparotomia paramediana direita com cecostomia e redução da eventração. O equino recebeu alta após 30 dias da intervenção com a ferida cirúrgica cicatrizada e sem evidências de complicações pós-operatórias.(AU)

The eventration is the rupture of the abdominal wall with output viscera, being restrained only by theskin. Trauma is the most frequent cause in most cases and may lead to strangulation of affected portions. Alter theinjury, the fibrin deposition and clumps fibrinous construction may be degraded in few days or transformed intopermanent fibrous adhesion. The treatment is surgical and consists to reduce the gut content and reconstitute abdominal wall. The purpose of this study is to report an equine eventration with cecal adhesion, atlended at Large Animal Medical and Surgical Clinic, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny College (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). The animal under went laparotomy with right paramedian cecostomy andreducing herniation. The horse was discharged after 30 days of intervention with the healed wound and no evidenceof post-operative complications.(AU)

A eventración es Ia ruptura de Ia pared abdominal con salida de Ias viseras, quedandó sostenida apenaspor lapiel. EI trauma es Ia etologia mas frecuente en Ia mayoria de los casos que puede ocasionar estrangulacion deIas porciones acometidas despues de Ia lesion ocurre deposição de fibrina y construccion de glutinaco es fibrinosasque seran degradads en pocos dias o transformadas en aderência fibrosas permanente. EI tratamento es cirúrgico que consiste en Ia reduccion dei contenido eventrada y Ia regeneracion de Ia pared abdominal. EI proposito de estetrabajo es reportar un caso de eventración equina com aderência de ceco atendido en el sector de clinica medica y terapêutica de equideos de Ia Facultad de Medicina Veterinária y Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de MatoGrosso do Sul (UFMS). EI animal fue sometido a laparotomia paramediana derecha con cecostomia y reduccion deIa eventración. EI equino tuvo de alta aios 30 dias de intervencion con Ia herida cirúrgica cicatrisada y sin evidenciade complicacion pos-operatória.(AU)

Diagnóstico por imagem em felino politraumatizado (relato de caso) / Image diagnosis in fetinepolytraumatism - Case report / El diagnóstico por imágenes enfetino politraumatismos - Reportede un caso

Os maus tratos de animais ainda são práticas comuns nos dias de hoje. Os animais ainda são vítimas de maus tratos pelos seus proprietários, por pessoas que passam na rua e até mesmo por alguns funcionários do órgão municipal após serem recolhidos, antes de sofrerem uma morte cruel, que variam desde tiro de pistola até inalação de éter. Foi atendido no hospital veterinário um paciente felino com 17 anos de idade apresentando aumento de volume abdominal. Com o intuito de elucidar o caso e estabelecer o melhor tratamento, foram solicitados alguns exames de diagnóstico por imagem, como radiografia e ultrassonografia.Objetivou-se com este trabalho relatar um caso de maus tratos a partir de tiro com pistola, além da importância dos exames por imagem para o diagnóstico e direcionamento da melhor terapia.

Cruelty to animais is still a common practice today. The animais are still victims of abuse by their owners, strange people that are passing by on the street and even by some employees of the municipal body after being rescued from the street, before suffering a cruel death. Cruel death of these animais varies from pistol shot to ether inhalation. It was attended on the veterinary hospital a feline patient with 17 years old presenting an increased abdominal volume. To elucidate the case and establish an efficient therapy it was requested some image diagnostic exams, like radiography and ultrasonography. The aim of this paper was toreport a case of pistol shot cruelty and the importance of imaging exams to diagnosis and to orientate the better treatment.

El maltrato aios animales siguen siendo una práctica común hoy en día. Los animales todavía son maltratados por sus duerios, la gente que pasa en la calle, e incluso después de haber sido recogidos por el órgano municipal antes de sufrir una muerte cruel, que van desde pistoletazo a la inhalación de éter. Ella fue admitida en un hospital veterinario felino con 17 anos de edad con un aumento dei volumen abdominal, que fueron solicitados por algunos exámenes clínicos de diagnóstico por imagen para completar Ia causa y eltratamiento óptimo consiguiente se establezcan.

Diagnóstico por imagem em felino politraumatizado (relato de caso) / Image diagnosis in fetinepolytraumatism - Case report / El diagnóstico por imágenes enfetino politraumatismos - Reportede un caso

Os maus tratos de animais ainda são práticas comuns nos dias de hoje. Os animais ainda são vítimas de maus tratos pelos seus proprietários, por pessoas que passam na rua e até mesmo por alguns funcionários do órgão municipal após serem recolhidos, antes de sofrerem uma morte cruel, que variam desde tiro de pistola até inalação de éter. Foi atendido no hospital veterinário um paciente felino com 17 anos de idade apresentando aumento de volume abdominal. Com o intuito de elucidar o caso e estabelecer o melhor tratamento, foram solicitados alguns exames de diagnóstico por imagem, como radiografia e ultrassonografia.Objetivou-se com este trabalho relatar um caso de maus tratos a partir de tiro com pistola, além da importância dos exames por imagem para o diagnóstico e direcionamento da melhor terapia.(AU)

Cruelty to animais is still a common practice today. The animais are still victims of abuse by their owners, strange people that are passing by on the street and even by some employees of the municipal body after being rescued from the street, before suffering a cruel death. Cruel death of these animais varies from pistol shot to ether inhalation. It was attended on the veterinary hospital a feline patient with 17 years old presenting an increased abdominal volume. To elucidate the case and establish an efficient therapy it was requested some image diagnostic exams, like radiography and ultrasonography. The aim of this paper was toreport a case of pistol shot cruelty and the importance of imaging exams to diagnosis and to orientate the better treatment.(AU)

El maltrato aios animales siguen siendo una práctica común hoy en día. Los animales todavía son maltratados por sus duerios, la gente que pasa en la calle, e incluso después de haber sido recogidos por el órgano municipal antes de sufrir una muerte cruel, que van desde pistoletazo a la inhalación de éter. Ella fue admitida en un hospital veterinario felino con 17 anos de edad con un aumento dei volumen abdominal, que fueron solicitados por algunos exámenes clínicos de diagnóstico por imagen para completar Ia causa y eltratamiento óptimo consiguiente se establezcan.(AU)

Evisceração por acidente automobilístico em cão da raça pitbull / Evisceration by car accident in dog pitbull

Foi atendido no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária da UFRGS um canino da raça Pitbull, de aproximadamente cinco anos e pesando 40 kg. O animal apresentava evisceração de diversos órgãos abdominais devido a atropelamento, além de choque hipovolêmico.(AU)

Hérnia diafragmática traumática em felino / Diaphragmatic traumatic hernia in feline

As hérnias diafragmáticas caracterizam-se pela passagem das vísceras abdominais para a cavidade torácica após ruptura do diafragma (FOSSUM et al., 2007). Normalmente as hérnias diafragmáticas tem origem traumática (DALECK et al., 2008), podendo também ser de caráter congênito (MAZZANTI et al., 2003). Os sintomas relacionam-se com alterações gastrointestinais e respiratórias, sendo a dispneia o distúrbio mais mencionado (DRUMOND et al., 2007). O diagnóstico fundamenta-se, especialmente, na história do paciente que geralmente coincide com trauma, decorrente de acidentes automobilísticos, quedas, chutes e brigas (FOSSUM et al., 2007), e sinais clínicos apresentados, porém o exame radiográfico é primordial para o diagnóstico conclusivo (ARAGÃO et al., 2010). Com esse trabalho objetivou-se relatar um caso de hérnia diafragmática adquirida em felino após traumatismo, submetido ao tratamento cirúrgico, o qual desencadeou parada cardiorrespiratória com necessidade de atendimento emergencial.(AU)

Hérnia diafragmática traumática em felino / Diaphragmatic traumatic hernia in feline

As hérnias diafragmáticas caracterizam-se pela passagem das vísceras abdominais para a cavidade torácica após ruptura do diafragma (FOSSUM et al., 2007). Normalmente as hérnias diafragmáticas tem origem traumática (DALECK et al., 2008), podendo também ser de caráter congênito (MAZZANTI et al., 2003). Os sintomas relacionam-se com alterações gastrointestinais e respiratórias, sendo a dispneia o distúrbio mais mencionado (DRUMOND et al., 2007). O diagnóstico fundamenta-se, especialmente, na história do paciente que geralmente coincide com trauma, decorrente de acidentes automobilísticos, quedas, chutes e brigas (FOSSUM et al., 2007), e sinais clínicos apresentados, porém o exame radiográfico é primordial para o diagnóstico conclusivo (ARAGÃO et al., 2010). Com esse trabalho objetivou-se relatar um caso de hérnia diafragmática adquirida em felino após traumatismo, submetido ao tratamento cirúrgico, o qual desencadeou parada cardiorrespiratória com necessidade de atendimento emergencial.

Evisceração por acidente automobilístico em cão da raça pitbull / Evisceration by car accident in dog pitbull

Foi atendido no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária da UFRGS um canino da raça Pitbull, de aproximadamente cinco anos e pesando 40 kg. O animal apresentava evisceração de diversos órgãos abdominais devido a atropelamento, além de choque hipovolêmico.

Compactação primária do abomaso em 14 bovinos no estado de Pernambuco / Primary abomasal impaction in 14 cattle from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil

Apesar de forragens grosseiras e secas serem empregadas comumente na alimentação de vacas em várias regiões, especialmente durante o período seco, a compactação primária do abomaso tem sido pouco relatada no Brasil, provavelmente pela dificuldade de diagnóstico dos veterinários de campo. Este trabalho objetivou realizar um estudo retrospectivo sobre a compactação primária do abomaso em 14 bovinos no Estado de Pernambuco. Oito casos considerados moderados, sem grave distensão abdominal e sem compactação do rúmen, foram tratados conservativamente e quatro casos graves, com severa distensão abdominal e compactação do rúmen, foram tratados cirurgicamente. Um touro foi encaminhado para abate e uma vaca morreu antes de receber qualquer tratamento. O maior número de casos de compactação do abomaso ocorreu em bovinos da raça Holandesa com seis casos (42,9 por cento), seguido por animais mestiços com cinco casos (35,8 por cento) e as raças Pardo-Suiça, Nelore e Marchigiana com um caso cada (21,3 por cento). A composição da alimentação oferecida caracterizou-se por conter fibra de baixa qualidade e variou bastante dentre os casos. Os sinais clínicos mais frequentes foram comportamento apático, desidratação, timpanismo ruminal associado à hipomotilidade, distensão abdominal, hipomotilidade intestinal e fezes escassas ou ausentes com presença de muco. Os achados hematológicos revelaram, na maioria dos casos, leucocitose por neutrofilia e hiperfibrinogenemia. Na análise do fluido ruminal havia comprometimento da dinâmica da flora e fauna microbiana, e elevação no teor de cloreto. O índice de recuperação clínica (4/8) e cirúrgica (2/4) observado neste estudo foi de 50 por cento. As condutas clínica e cirúrgica permanecem como opções viáveis para o tratamento das compactações leves e severas, entretanto o prognóstico é considerado reservado, principalmente quando associado à gestação avançada.(AU)

Despite the frequent use of dry and fibrous roughage for feeding cows in many regions, especially during the dry season, impaction of the abomasum has been poorly reported in Brazil, probably because the condition is misdiagnosed by practitioners. The present paper aimed to accomplish a retrospective study on primary abomasal impaction in 14 cattle from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. Eight moderate cases, without severe abdominal distention and with no rumen compaction, were treated conservatively, and four severe cases, with severe abdominal distention and rumen compaction, were treated surgically. One bull was slaughtered and one cow died without treatment. The greater number of abomasal impaction cases was in Holstein cows with six cases (42.9 percent), followed by crossbred cattle with five cases (35.8 percent), and the breeds Brown-Swiss, Nelore and Marchigiana, each with one case (21.3 percent). The food composition was characterized by low quality fibers and varied greatly among cases. Most frequent clinical signs were apathy, dehydration, hypomotility and ruminal bloat, intestinal hypomotility and scanty or absent feces with mucus. The hematological findings revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenemia in most cases. Ruminal fluid analysis showed compromised flora and fauna dynamics and increased chlorine ion concentration. Clinical (4/8) and chirurgical (2/4) recovery rate achieved 50 percent. The clinical and chirurgical methods remain as viable options for the treatment of light and severe impaction, but the prognosis is always reserved especially when associated to late pregnancy.(AU)

Compactação primária do abomaso em 14 bovinos no estado de Pernambuco / Primary abomasal impaction in 14 cattle from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil

Apesar de forragens grosseiras e secas serem empregadas comumente na alimentação de vacas em várias regiões, especialmente durante o período seco, a compactação primária do abomaso tem sido pouco relatada no Brasil, provavelmente pela dificuldade de diagnóstico dos veterinários de campo. Este trabalho objetivou realizar um estudo retrospectivo sobre a compactação primária do abomaso em 14 bovinos no Estado de Pernambuco. Oito casos considerados moderados, sem grave distensão abdominal e sem compactação do rúmen, foram tratados conservativamente e quatro casos graves, com severa distensão abdominal e compactação do rúmen, foram tratados cirurgicamente. Um touro foi encaminhado para abate e uma vaca morreu antes de receber qualquer tratamento. O maior número de casos de compactação do abomaso ocorreu em bovinos da raça Holandesa com seis casos (42,9 por cento), seguido por animais mestiços com cinco casos (35,8 por cento) e as raças Pardo-Suiça, Nelore e Marchigiana com um caso cada (21,3 por cento). A composição da alimentação oferecida caracterizou-se por conter fibra de baixa qualidade e variou bastante dentre os casos. Os sinais clínicos mais frequentes foram comportamento apático, desidratação, timpanismo ruminal associado à hipomotilidade, distensão abdominal, hipomotilidade intestinal e fezes escassas ou ausentes com presença de muco. Os achados hematológicos revelaram, na maioria dos casos, leucocitose por neutrofilia e hiperfibrinogenemia. Na análise do fluido ruminal havia comprometimento da dinâmica da flora e fauna microbiana, e elevação no teor de cloreto. O índice de recuperação clínica (4/8) e cirúrgica (2/4) observado neste estudo foi de 50 por cento. As condutas clínica e cirúrgica permanecem como opções viáveis para o tratamento das compactações leves e severas, entretanto o prognóstico é considerado reservado, principalmente quando associado à gestação avançada.

Despite the frequent use of dry and fibrous roughage for feeding cows in many regions, especially during the dry season, impaction of the abomasum has been poorly reported in Brazil, probably because the condition is misdiagnosed by practitioners. The present paper aimed to accomplish a retrospective study on primary abomasal impaction in 14 cattle from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. Eight moderate cases, without severe abdominal distention and with no rumen compaction, were treated conservatively, and four severe cases, with severe abdominal distention and rumen compaction, were treated surgically. One bull was slaughtered and one cow died without treatment. The greater number of abomasal impaction cases was in Holstein cows with six cases (42.9 percent), followed by crossbred cattle with five cases (35.8 percent), and the breeds Brown-Swiss, Nelore and Marchigiana, each with one case (21.3 percent). The food composition was characterized by low quality fibers and varied greatly among cases. Most frequent clinical signs were apathy, dehydration, hypomotility and ruminal bloat, intestinal hypomotility and scanty or absent feces with mucus. The hematological findings revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenemia in most cases. Ruminal fluid analysis showed compromised flora and fauna dynamics and increased chlorine ion concentration. Clinical (4/8) and chirurgical (2/4) recovery rate achieved 50 percent. The clinical and chirurgical methods remain as viable options for the treatment of light and severe impaction, but the prognosis is always reserved especially when associated to late pregnancy.

Avaliação do fluido peritoneal de asininos / Evaluation of peritoneal fluid from asinines

The peritoneal fluid from six female health donkeys was evaluated. In each animal, it was carried out eight abdominocentesis with 40x12 needles, at 72-hour intervals. All animals presented clinical changes, and there was higher frequency of yellow-tinged fluid with turbidity aspect. Means, and respective standard deviations, for cytology and protein concentration were: erythrocytes, 24.7±11.7x10³/mm³; leukocytes, 15.8±6.79x10³/mm³; mesothelial cells, 3.85±1.30x10³/mm³; neutrophils, 10.9±4.51x10³/mm³; lymphocytes, 1.41±0.51x10³/mm³; macrophages, 0.98±0.55x10³/mm³; eosinophils, 2.48±1.36x10³/mm³, and total proteins, 1.97±0.31 g/dl.

Avaliação do fluido peritoneal de asininos / Evaluation of peritoneal fluid from asinines

The peritoneal fluid from six female health donkeys was evaluated. In each animal, it was carried out eight abdominocentesis with 40x12 needles, at 72-hour intervals. All animals presented clinical changes, and there was higher frequency of yellow-tinged fluid with turbidity aspect. Means, and respective standard deviations, for cytology and protein concentration were: erythrocytes, 24.7±11.7x103/mm3; leukocytes, 15.8±6.79x103/mm3; mesothelial cells, 3.85±1.30x103/mm3; neutrophils, 10.9±4.51x103/mm3; lymphocytes, 1.41±0.51x103/mm3; macrophages, 0.98±0.55x103/mm3; eosinophils, 2.48±1.36x103/mm3, and total proteins, 1.97±0.31 g/dl.(AU)