Subject(s)
Anemia , Hemoglobins , Practice Guidelines as Topic , World Health Organization , Humans , Anemia/diagnosis , Anemia/blood , Hemoglobins/analysisABSTRACT
Background: Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito-borne illness with substantial economic and societal impact. Understanding laboratory trends of hospitalized Dominican Republic (DR) pediatric patients could help develop screening procedures in low-resourced settings. We sought to describe laboratory findings over time in DR children with DF and DF severity from 2018 to 2020. Methods: Clinical information was obtained prospectively from recruited children with DF. Complete blood count (CBC) laboratory measures were assessed across Days 1-10 of fever. Participants were classified as DF-negative and DF-positive and grouped by severity. We assessed associations of DF severity with demographics, clinical characteristics, and peripheral blood studies. Using linear mixed-models, we assessed if hematologic values/trajectories differed by DF status/severity. Results: A total of 597 of 1101 with a DF clinical diagnosis were serologically evaluated, and 574 (471 DF-positive) met inclusion criteria. In DF, platelet count and hemoglobin were higher on earlier days of fever (p < = 0.0017). Eighty had severe DF. Severe DF risk was associated with thrombocytopenia, intraillness anemia, and leukocytosis, differing by fever day (p < = 0.001). Conclusions: In a pediatric hospitalized DR cohort, we found marked anemia in late stages of severe DF, unlike the typically seen hemoconcentration. These findings, paired with clinical symptom changes over time, may help guide risk-stratified screenings for resource-limited settings.
Subject(s)
Dengue Virus , Dengue , Humans , Dominican Republic/epidemiology , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue/blood , Dengue/virology , Dengue/diagnosis , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Blood Cell Count , Infant , Dengue Virus/isolation & purification , Child , Epidemics , Anemia/epidemiology , Anemia/blood , Thrombocytopenia/epidemiology , Thrombocytopenia/blood , Thrombocytopenia/virology , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Anemia prevalence is high in countries where high proportion of the population lives at high altitude (HA) due perhaps to the unsuitability hemoglobin correction factor proposed by the WHO. The present study has been designed to evaluate a new approach to establish thresholds of hemoglobin (Hb) when defining anemia at HA. MATERIALS & METHODS: Cross-sectional study evaluating 217 women aged 18 to 75 years-old, residents of 2 cities at low altitude (LA) (130 and 150 meters) and 2 at HA (3800 and 4300 meters). Hb, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), arterial oxygen content (CaO2), and inflammatory markers were measured. Three definitions of anemia diagnoses were used: uncorrected Hb, WHO-corrected Hb, and Silubonde's criteria based on ferritin as a gold standard. STATA v18.0 was use for data analysis, p<0.05 indicated significant difference. RESULTS: HA residents present higher Hb values than at LA. Likewise, the highest area under the curve (AUC) ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) was observed for uncorrected Hb (AUC = 0.8595; CI95% 0.858-0.86) for the diagnosis of anemia using serum ferritin as the gold standard. Anemia prevalence was higher when using WHO-corrected Hb, 27%, and Silubonde's criteria, 41% (Hb cut-off of 11.10, 12.73, 15.80 and 16.60 g/dl for altitudes of 130, 150, 3800 and 4300 meters, respectively), than using uncorrected Hb to define anemia (7.7%). Serum Ferritin and CaO2 values are lower only in the group with anemia defined with uncorrected Hb than in the groups of anemia using the WHO-corrected Hb or the Silubonde´s criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The correction factor of hemoglobin for altitude of residence overestimates the prevalence of anemia in adult women. Likewise, CaO2 could be a potential marker to determine the transport of oxygen in LA and HA populations. Further studies in adult men are required to confirm the present findings.
Subject(s)
Altitude , Anemia , Hemoglobins , Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Adult , Peru/epidemiology , Anemia/blood , Anemia/epidemiology , Anemia/diagnosis , Hemoglobins/analysis , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Adolescent , Young Adult , Prevalence , Ferritins/blood , ROC Curve , Oxygen/bloodABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Anemia is common in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), causing significant health issues and social burdens. Exposure to household air pollution from using biomass fuels for cooking and heating has been associated with anemia, but the exposure-response association has not been studied. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the associations between personal exposure to air pollution and both hemoglobin levels and anemia prevalence among pregnant women in a multi-country randomized controlled trial. METHODS: We studied 3,163 pregnant women aged 18-35 years with 9-20 weeks of gestation, recruited as part of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) randomized controlled trial in Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda. We assessed 24-hour personal exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and carbon monoxide (CO), and measured hemoglobin levels at baseline (15 ± 3 weeks gestation). Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of measured pollutants with hemoglobin levels and anemia prevalence, adjusting for confounding. RESULTS: Single-pollutant models showed associations of CO with higher hemoglobin levels and lower anemia prevalence. Bipollutant models involving CO and PM2.5 also revealed that an interquartile range (IQR) increase in CO concentrations (2.26 ppm) was associated with higher hemoglobin levels [ß = 0.04; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 0.07], and a lower odds of anemia prevalence [odds ratios (OR) = 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.83, 0.98]. PM2.5 was inversely related to hemoglobin and positively associated with anemia, but results were not statistically significant at the 0.05 alpha level. County-specific results showed that 3 of 4 countries showed a similar association between CO and hemoglobin. We found no association of BC levels with hemoglobin levels or with anemia prevalence. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that exposure to CO is associated with higher hemoglobin and lower anemia prevalence among pregnant women, whereas PM2.5 showed the opposite associations.
Subject(s)
Air Pollution, Indoor , Anemia , Carbon Monoxide , Hemoglobins , Particulate Matter , Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Air Pollution, Indoor/statistics & numerical data , Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis , Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects , Adult , Anemia/epidemiology , Anemia/blood , Anemia/chemically induced , Young Adult , Particulate Matter/analysis , India/epidemiology , Adolescent , Carbon Monoxide/analysis , Hemoglobins/analysis , Guatemala/epidemiology , Peru/epidemiology , Rwanda/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cooking , Air Pollutants/analysis , Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Despite the emergence of diverse programs in Mexico to address anemia and micronutrient deficiencies in disadvantaged groups, progress on reducing their prevalence has stagnated. In Mexico, anemia surveillance at the population level is conducted through the National Health and Nutrition Survey ENSANUT (for its acronym in Spanish). OBJECTIVE: To overview the trends in anemia and iron deficiency (ID) from 1999 to 2018-19 in the Mexican population before COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Data from five nationwide surveys in Mexico were used. Where available, data on anemia, ID, and ID anemia (IDA) were extracted from ENSANUTs 1999, 2006, 2012, 2016, and 2018-19 in participants from 1 to 99 years old. Blood sample collection methods were similar across surveys (1999-2018) where capillary drop blood was used to estimate Hb using a HemoCue and serum blood samples to measure ferritin and C-reactive protein concentration. RESULTS: The trend in anemia prevalence shows a U-shape from 1999 to 2018-19 in <60 years old. In older adults (≥60 years), an increasing trend was observed. Anemia declined progressively from 1999 to 2012 but increased from 2016 to 2018-19 in comparison with 2012. In contrast, ID declined from 2006 to 2018-19, mainly in children, while IDA did not change over this period. In older adults, ID prevalence remained constant over time. CONCLUSIONS: The shifting trend in anemia prevalence across ENSANUTs 1999 through 2018-19 did not mimic the decreasing trend of ID over the same period of time. Other noncausal factors seem to play an important role in the variability of hemoglobin measurements.
Plain language titleOverview of Trends in the Prevalence of Anemia and Iron Deficiency in the Mexican Population From 1999 to 2018-19Plain language summaryIn Mexico, anemia surveillance has been monitored through the National Health and Nutrition Survey since 1999. Nonetheless, progress on reducing their prevalence seems to be stagnated despite the emergence of diverse social programs in Mexico to tackle micronutrient deficiencies in children and women. The main cause of anemia in children and women is iron deficiency (ID). Any progress in tackling ID should be reflected in anemia prevalence. To investigate the prevalence trend, we used information about anemia (based on hemoglobin concentration) and ID (based on serum ferritin levels) where available, from 5 nationwide surveys in Mexico among participants from 1 to 99 years old, to discuss some of the potential factors behind anemia and ID trends. From 1999 to 2018-19, we observed an ¨U" shape in the prevalence of anemia in all age groups <60 years old, contrasting with the prevalence of ID, which trend is in decline. No major changes in terms of social programs can explain the trend in anemia. In fact, other nutritional indicators seem to have improved in Mexican children. A major difference in the measurement of anemia and ID is that hemoglobin was measured in situ using drop of capillary blood in HemoCue, a portable photometer, while ferritin was measured in venous blood in the central laboratory. While many external factors might influence the hemoglobin measurement in the field setting, it seems that the technique of finger prick capillary introduces more errors to the measurement of hemoglobin than other techniques (e.g., pool capillary or venous blood using HemoCue). This difference, in turn, affects anemia diagnosis. Since the drop of capillary blood has been widely acceptable, we did not perform any validation of hemoglobin measurement in those past surveys, so we cannot role out the contribution of other factors that affected hemoglobin measurement. Future studies should use venous blood to improve anemia classification; otherwise, validation studies should be carried out to improve hemoglobin measurement when using capillary blood.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency , Anemia , Nutrition Surveys , Humans , Mexico/epidemiology , Child, Preschool , Adult , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/epidemiology , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/blood , Middle Aged , Adolescent , Child , Infant , Young Adult , Male , Female , Aged , Prevalence , Aged, 80 and over , Anemia/epidemiology , Anemia/blood , Iron Deficiencies , COVID-19/epidemiology , Ferritins/bloodABSTRACT
Anemia is a complex condition associated with diet, chronic infections, and blood loss. Children living at high altitudes have higher absolute hemoglobin levels due to hypoxemia. However, they are exposed to repeated infections and dietary limitations. We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify factors affecting the hemoglobin concentration in children living in high-altitude rural communities in the Anta province of Peru. All children 3-16 years of age attending public schools were invited to participate. We enrolled children 3-16 years old in schools and visited their homes to collect demographic, socioeconomic, medical history, and anthropometric data. Children provided blood and stool samples for complete blood counts, iron status markers, and helminth infection testing. Among the 2,000 children enrolled, the mean age was 9.9 (±3.4) years, 1,004 (50.2%) were female, and the median residence altitude was 3,398 (interquartile range 3,35-3,497) meters. The mean hemoglobin level was 15 (±1.15) mg/dL; 320 (16%) had anemia as defined by WHO. Children with anemia were more likely to have lower serum iron levels (odds ratio [OR] 2.8 [95% CI 2.2-3.6], P <0.001) and serum transferrin saturation (OR 2.8 [95% CI 2-3.9], P <0.001). Younger age (OR 0.85 [95% CI 0.82-0.89], P <0.001), stunting (OR 0.68 [95% CI 0.59-0.79], P <0.001), education of the mother (OR 0.94 [95% CI 0.91-0.98], P <0.005), and low eosinophils (OR 0.49 [95% CI 0.26-0.9], P = 0.022) were associated with anemia. Helminth infections were not associated with anemia. Anemia among children at high altitude is multifactorial, but iron deficiency is a contributing factor. Further studies are needed to evaluate iron status and anemia in children living at high altitudes.
Subject(s)
Altitude , Hemoglobins , Iron , Humans , Peru/epidemiology , Child , Female , Male , Hemoglobins/analysis , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Cross-Sectional Studies , Iron/blood , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/epidemiology , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Anemia/epidemiology , Anemia/blood , Rural Population/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Anaemia is defined by the presence of haemoglobin (Hb) levels < 13 g/dL in men and 12 g/dL in women. Up to 39% of cancer patients present it at the time of diagnosis and up to 40% have iron deficiency. Anaemia causes fatigue, functional deterioration and a reduction in the quality of life; it has also been associated with a poorer response to anti-tumour treatment and lower survival. Basic diagnostic tests for anaemia are simple and should be a routine part of clinical practice. These guidelines review the available evidence on the use of different therapies for treating anaemia: erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, iron supplements, and transfusion of blood products.
Subject(s)
Anemia/diagnosis , Anemia/therapy , Hematinics/therapeutic use , Iron/administration & dosage , Neoplasms/complications , Algorithms , Anemia/blood , Anemia/complications , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/complications , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Dietary Supplements/adverse effects , Erythrocyte Transfusion/adverse effects , Erythrocyte Transfusion/methods , Female , Hematinics/adverse effects , Humans , Iron/adverse effects , Male , Medical Oncology , Neoplasms/mortality , Quality of Life , Societies, Medical , SpainABSTRACT
Abstract Objectives: to determine the relationship between maternal hemoglobin (HbM) per gestational trimester and birthweight (BW). Methods: this was an analytical, cross-sectional observational study that included the prenatal records of494 pregnant women who delivered live newborns in the Department of Antioquia. The maternal health data collected included HbM and BW, and gynecological and obstetric, anthropometric, and maternal health-related data. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied, supplemented by effect size (ES) to compare the study groups. Results: HbMin the third trimester was significantly associated with BW (p=0.029).It showed a significant effect size on BW as follows: first trimester: ES=0.44 (CI95%= 0.183-0.697); second trimester: ES=0.49 (CI95%= 0.187-0.79); and third trimester: ES=0.43 (CI95% = 0.202-0.658). Maternal anemia was 4.2%>, 11.2%, and 21.4%> in the first, second, and third trimester, respectively. Conclusions: as it is an inexpensive indicator and easy to determine, the timely monitoring and assessment of HbM is required owing to its importance in maternal and neonatal health, quality of life, and human capital development.
Resumen Objetivos: determinar la relación entre hemoglobina materna (HbM) por trimestre de gestación y peso al nacer (PN). Métodos: estudio observacional analítico, transversal, en 494 historias prenatales de gestantes con recién nacido vivo del departamento de Antioquia. Se tomaron datos de HbMy PN, ginecobstétricos, antropométricos y de salud materna. Para comparar los grupos de estudio, se aplicó la prueba U-Mann Whitney, complementada con el tamaño de efecto (ES). Resultados: la HbM de tercer trimestre se asoció significativamente con el PN (p=0,029); la HbM mostró un tamaño de efecto importante sobre el PN, así: primer trimestre: ES=0,44 (IC95%= 0,183 a 0,697); segundo trimestre: ES=0,49 (IC95%= 0,187 a 0,79); tercer trimestre: ES=0,43 (IC95%o= 0,202 a 0,658). La anemia materna fue 4,2°%, 11,2%o y 21,4°% en el primero, segundo y tercer trimestre, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Se necesita seguimiento y evaluación oportuna de la HbM, indicador de bajo costo y fácil determinación, por su importancia en la salud materna y neonatal, en la calidad de vida y desarrollo del capital humano.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy Trimesters , Birth Weight , Hemoglobins/analysis , Risk Factors , Anemia/blood , Socioeconomic Factors , Nutritional Status , ColombiaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been associated with negative outcomes in older people, including inflammatory profile and anemia biomarkers. AIMS: To investigate the effects of pre-dialysis resistance training (RT) on sarcopenia, inflammatory profile, and anemia biomarkers in older patients with CKD. METHODS: A total of 107 patients with CKD (65.4 ± 3.7 years) were randomly allocated into four groups: sarcopenic RT (n = 37), non-sarcopenic RT (n = 20), sarcopenic control (n = 28), and non-sarcopenic control (n = 22). DXA and handgrip strength were used to classify sarcopenia according to EWGSOP-2. Treatment groups underwent a 24-week intervention with RT before each dialysis session, three times per week. Blood sample analysis for ferritin, hepcidin, iron availability, and inflammatory profile (TNFα, IL-6, and IL-10) was conducted. All-cause mortality was recorded over 5 years. RESULTS: Sarcopenic RT group increased iron availability after the intervention, while their counterparts decreased. Ferritin and hepcidin significantly decreased in sarcopenic RT group. RT elicited a reduction in both TNFα and IL-6, while increasing IL-10 in both intervention groups. The rate of sarcopenic subjects substantially decreased after the intervention period (from 37 to 17 in the RT group; p = 0.01). The proportion of deaths was higher (P = 0.033) for sarcopenic subjects (Controls 35.7% vs RT 29.7%) when compared to non-sarcopenic subjects (Controls 18% vs RT 10%). The proportion of deaths decreased according to the randomization group (X2 = 8.704; P < 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: The 24-week RT intervention elicited a better sarcopenia status, better inflammatory profile, and improved anemia biomarkers. Sarcopenia was associated with higher mortality rate in older patients with CKD.
Subject(s)
Anemia/complications , Inflammation/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Resistance Training , Sarcopenia/complications , Sarcopenia/therapy , Aged , Anemia/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Female , Humans , Independent Living , Inflammation/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Renal Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Sarcopenia/blood , Time FactorsABSTRACT
According to the World Health Organization, the cutoff hemoglobin (Hb) value for defining anemia is 11 g/dL in preschool-aged children, and Hb measurements should be corrected above an altitude of 1000 meters. This study sought to determine the altitude at which the Hb value increases compared with that at sea level, Hb changes with age and region in Peru, the prevalence of anemia according to three different models used to correct Hb for altitude, and the association of the Hb value with stunting. Two individual-based Peruvian national databases were analyzed. Hb increased from an altitude of 375 meters. Hb concentration was lower at younger ages and higher at older ages. The increase in Hb with increasing altitude was lower in southern Peru. Implementing the different models for Hb measurement correction resulted in a higher and lower prevalence of anemia at altitudes >2500 and <2500 m, respectively, using the CDC adjustment. In children aged 6-23 months, the rate of stunting was lower in those with an Hb level of 10-12 g/dL (including mild anemia). In conclusion, the adjustment of Hb values for altitude should be considered before 1000 m and reference ranges should be adjusted to smaller groups of children instead of the same reference range for children aged 6-59 months.
Subject(s)
Altitude , Anemia/blood , Anemia/epidemiology , Databases, Factual/trends , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Age Factors , Anemia/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Peru/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Tuberculosis (TB) is associated with systemic inflammation and anemia, which are aggravated in persons living with HIV (PLWH). Here, we characterized the dynamics of hemoglobin levels in PLWH coinfected with TB undergoing antitubercular therapy (ATT). We also examined the relationships between anemia and systemic inflammatory disturbance as well as the association between persistent anemia and unfavorable clinical outcomes. Data on several blood biochemical parameters and on blood cell counts were retrospectively analyzed in a cohort of 256 TB/HIV patients from Brazil during 180 days of ATT. Multidimensional statistical analyses were employed to profile systemic inflammation of patients stratified by anemia status (hemoglobin levels <12 g/dL for female and <13.5 g/dL for male individuals) prior to treatment and to perform prediction of unfavorable outcomes, such as treatment failure, loss to follow up and death. We found that 101 (63.63%) of patients with anemia at pre-ATT persisted with such condition until day 180. Such individuals exhibited heightened degree of inflammatory perturbation (DIP), which in turn was inversely correlated with hemoglobin levels. Recovery from anemia was associated with increased pre-ATT albumin levels whereas persistent anemia was related to higher total protein levels in serum. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that lower baseline hemoglobin levels was the major determinant of the unfavorable outcomes. Our findings demonstrate that persistent anemia in PLWH during the course of ATT is closely related with chronic inflammatory perturbation. Early intervention to promote recovery from anemia may improve ATT outcomes.
Subject(s)
Anemia/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Inflammation/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Adult , Anemia/blood , Anemia/drug therapy , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , HIV Infections/blood , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Hemoglobins/analysis , Humans , Inflammation/blood , Inflammation/drug therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Tuberculosis/blood , Tuberculosis/drug therapyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a condition characterized by a hyperinflammatory state and persistent macrophage activation, resulting in reactive phagocytosis of the hematopoietic elements. In children, it is usually a hereditary disorder, while in adults it is usually acquired secondary to viral infections, collagenoses, or tumors. Although accounting for 10% of hematologic malignancies, HLH is rarely associated with multiple myeloma (MM) and other plasmacytic dyscrasias. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 64-year-old Brazilian man seeked medical care with a 3-month history of intermittent fever, weight loss, night sweats, and progressive anemic symptoms. DIAGNOSIS: Total blood count showed severe bicytopenia (normocytic-normochromic anemia and thrombocytopenia), biochemical exams showed elevation of creatinine, as well as monoclonal peak in serum protein electrophoresis, high IgA dosage, and serum immunofixation with IgA kappa paraprotein. Bone marrow biopsy showed 30% of monoclonal and phenotypically anomalous plasmocytes, confirming the diagnosis of MM. Diagnosis of HLH was established by the presence of clinical and laboratory criteria: fever, splenomegaly, cytopenias, hypofibrinogenemia, hyperferritinemia, elevation of triglycerides, and several figures of erythrophagocytosis in bone marrow aspirate. INTERVENTIONS: The patient experienced pulse therapy with methylprednisolone for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, followed by initial therapy for multiple myeloma with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone. OUTCOMES: Once the diagnosis of MM and secondary hemophagocytic syndrome was established, the patient had a rapid clinical deterioration despite the established therapeutic measures, evolving with cardiovascular failure, acute liver failure, acute disseminated intravascular coagulation, worsening renal dysfunction requiring dialysis support, respiratory dysfunction, and lowering of consciousness, characterizing rapid multiple organ dysfunction, ultimately leading to the death of the patient. INNOVATION: Here, we aimed to describe the sixth reported case of HLH associated with MM, according to cases cataloged in the PubMed database, and the first case evaluated by 18-fluordeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18-FDG-PETCT). CONCLUSION: Our case report seeks to provide support for a better clinical and laboratory characterization of this rare paraneoplastic entity associated with MM, and aims to call the attention of hematologists and intensivists to this condition that falls within the scope of the differential diagnosis of rapid onset multiple organ failure in patients with plasmacytic neoplasms.
Subject(s)
Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/drug therapy , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/etiology , Multiple Myeloma/complications , Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy , Anemia/blood , Anemia/etiology , Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/therapeutic use , Bone Marrow/pathology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Fatal Outcome , Fever/diagnosis , Fever/etiology , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Humans , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/blood , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/diagnosis , Male , Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Multiple Myeloma/metabolism , Multiple Organ Failure/complications , Paraproteinemias/blood , Plasma Cells/pathology , Splenomegaly/diagnosis , Splenomegaly/etiology , Thrombocytopenia/blood , Thrombocytopenia/etiology , Weight LossABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The impact of anemia treatment with erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is controversial, particularly regarding optimal hemoglobin (Hb) target ranges. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) with ESA to estimate the effect of different achieved Hb values on physical HRQOL and functionality. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PEDro, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases, until May 2020. Two authors independently extracted data from studies. We included observational and RCTs that enrolled CKD patients undergoing anemia treatment with ESA with different achieved Hb levels among groups. We excluded studies with achieved Hb < 9 g/dL. For the meta-analysis, we included RCTs with control groups achieving Hb 10-11.5 g/dL and active groups with Hb > 11.5 g/dL. We analyzed the standardized mean difference (SMD) between groups for physical HRQOL. RESULTS: Among 8496 studies, fifteen RCTs and five observational studies were included for the systematic review. We performed the meta-analysis in a subset of eleven eligible RCTs. For physical role and physical function, SMDs were 0.0875 [95% CI: - 0.0025 - 0.178] and 0.08 [95% CI: - 0.03 - 0.19], respectively. For fatigue, SMD was 0.16 [95% CI: 0.09-0.24]. Subgroup analysis showed that trials with greater achieved Hb had greater pooled effects sizes - 0.21 [95% CI: 0.07-0.36] for Hb > 13 g/dL vs. 0.09 [95% CI: 0.02-0.16] for Hb 11.5-13 g/dL. Proportion of older and long-term diabetic patients across studies were associated with lower effect sizes. CONCLUSION: Achieved hemoglobin higher than currently recommended targets may be associated with small but potentially clinically significant improvement in fatigue, but not in physical role or physical function. Younger and non-diabetic patients may experience more pronounced benefits of higher Hb levels after treatment with ESAs.
Subject(s)
Anemia/blood , Hematinics/therapeutic use , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Quality of Life , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood , Anemia/drug therapy , Anemia/etiology , Anemia/physiopathology , Humans , Patient Care Planning , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Anemia diagnosis in populations residing at high altitude (HA) involves an adjustment of hemoglobin (Hb) values owing to the increase in its concentration with altitude. The suitability of the adjustment has been questioned since Hb concentrations depend on how adapted a population is to HA. In Peru, anemia in preschool children (PSC) is a matter of severe public concern for its high rates; in the city of Puno (â¼3800 MASL), for example, 67.7% of children under 3 years are diagnosed with anemia. Here, we conducted an observational study in PSC living at different altitudes in Puno to assess Hb, iron status, and the suitability of altitude-adjusted Hb values in defining iron deficiency anemia. After adjusting Hb, 65.66% of the population had anemia, while only 4.8% of PSC had anemia when using unadjusted Hb. Receiver-operating characteristic curves using total body iron (TBI) as a marker of iron status are presented. In the 36- to 59-month age group, unadjusted Hb performed better than altitude-adjusted Hb. In the 6- to 35-month age group, anemia (adjusted or unadjusted) was not associated with TBI. We conclude that Hb adjustment by altitude is not appropriate. Anemia at an early age is not entirely attributable to iron deficiency.
Subject(s)
Altitude , Anemia/blood , Anemia/epidemiology , Inflammation Mediators/blood , Anemia/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Peru/epidemiology , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Serum soluble Fas (sFas) levels are associated with erythropoietin (Epo) hyporesponsiveness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether sFas could predict the need for erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) usage and its influence in erythropoiesis remain unclear. We evaluated the relation between sFas and ESA therapy in patients with CKD with anemia and its effect on erythropoiesis in vitro. First, we performed a retrospective cohort study with 77 anemic patients with nondialysis CKD. We performed in vitro experiments to investigate whether sFas could interfere with the behavior of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs were isolated from umbilical cord blood and incubated with recombinant sFas protein in a dose-dependent manner. Serum sFas positively correlated with Epo levels (r = 0.30, P = 0.001) but negatively with hemoglobin (r = -0.55, P < 0.001) and glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.58, P < 0.001) in patients with CKD at baseline. Elevated sFas serum levels (4,316 ± 897 vs. 2,776 ± 749, P < 0.001) with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (26.2 ± 10.1 vs. 33.5 ± 14.3, P = 0.01) and reduced hemoglobin concentration (11.1 ± 0.9 vs. 12.5 ± 1.2, P < 0.001) were identified in patients who required ESA therapy compared with patients with non-ESA. Afterward, we detected that the sFas level was slight correlated with a necessity of ESA therapy in patients with nondialysis CKD and anemia. In vitro assays demonstrated that the erythroid progenitor cell frequency negatively correlated with sFas concentration (r = -0.72, P < 0.001). There was decreased erythroid colony formation in vitro when CD34+ HSCs were incubated with a higher concentration of sFas protein (1.56 ± 0.29, 4.33 ± 0.53, P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that sFas is a potential predictor for ESA therapy in patients with nondialysis CKD and that elevated sFas could affect erythropoiesis in vitro.
Subject(s)
Anemia/blood , Erythropoiesis , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism , Multipotent Stem Cells/metabolism , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , fas Receptor/blood , Adult , Aged , Anemia/diagnosis , Anemia/drug therapy , Anemia/etiology , Biomarkers/blood , Brazil , Cells, Cultured , Clinical Decision-Making , Databases, Factual , Erythropoiesis/drug effects , Erythropoietin/blood , Female , Hematinics/therapeutic use , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multipotent Stem Cells/drug effects , North Carolina , Patient Selection , Predictive Value of Tests , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Portable haemoglobinometers have been used in order to estimate the prevalence of anaemia in diverse settings. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate their performance in children of different age groups in distinct epidemiological contexts. To evaluate the reproducibility and reliability of a portable haemoglobinometer for the diagnosis of anaemia in children <5 years Hb was measured in the venous blood of 351 children <5 years by an automated system (standard method) and in three capillary blood samples, using a portable haemoglobinometer (HemoCue®; test method). The reproducibility of the device and of the test method was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (Hb in its continuous form), κ and prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted κ (PABAK) (categorised variable: anaemia: yes/no). For test method validation, Bland-Altman analyses were performed and sensitivity, specificity, accuracy rate, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated. The haemoglobinometer presented good device reproducibility (ICC = 0·79) and reasonable method reproducibility (puncture, collection and reading) (ICC = 0·71). Superficial and fair agreement (κ) and good agreement (PABAK) were observed among the diagnoses obtained through the test method. The prevalence of anaemia was 19·1 and 19·7 % using the standard and the test method, respectively, with no statistically significant differences. The test method presented higher specificity (87·7 %) and NPV (88·3 %) than sensitivity (50·7 %) and PPV (49·3 %), and intermediary accuracy rate (57·8 %). HemoCue® showed good device reproducibility and reasonable method reproducibility, as well as good performance in estimating the prevalence of anaemia. Nevertheless, it showed a fair reliability and low individual diagnostic accuracy.
Subject(s)
Anemia/blood , Anemia/diagnosis , Hemoglobins/analysis , Adolescent , Adult , Anemia/epidemiology , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Public Health , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion support is essential in patients with acute leukemia (AL). A restrictive RBC transfusion approach is assumed to be safe for most individuals with AL. The aim of this audit was to assess RBC transfusion appropriateness in AL patients at an academic center. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RBC transfusions in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia patients of all ages between January 1, 2013, and March 31, 2019, were analyzed for adherence to evidence-based criteria. Transfusion appropriateness was compared among ordering specialties, patient locations, and hematologic diagnoses. Pretransfusion hemoglobin was compared between categories. Overtransfusion rates were also analyzed. Descriptive statistics and categorical and numerical tests were employed to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: A total of 510 RBC transfusions were received by 133 AL patients in the departments of internal medicine, hematology, and pediatrics. Overall, 84.5% were appropriate according to established criteria. Internal medicine was the ordering department with the highest rate of appropriateness (88.1%). The outpatient clinic was the location with the highest adherence (85.9%), whereas the intensive care unit had the lowest (70%; p = 0.03). The reasons for most appropriate and inappropriate transfusions were asymptomatic anemia with a hemoglobin below (60.6%) or above (69.6%) 7 g/dL in patients without cardiac disease, respectively. Overtransfusion was present in 22% of episodes. CONCLUSION: RBC transfusion in AL patients reflected good adherence to guidelines. However, continuing education in transfusion medicine and prospective chart auditing are needed to improve adherence to established guidelines.
Subject(s)
Erythrocyte Transfusion/methods , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy , Anemia/blood , Erythrocyte Transfusion/standards , Erythrocyte Transfusion/statistics & numerical data , Heart Diseases/blood , Hemoglobins/analysis , Hospitals, University , Humans , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/complications , Tertiary HealthcareABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Inadequate Vitamin A (VA) status during pregnancy has been associated with maternal anemia and suboptimal newborn birth weight (BW). We assessed the effect of gestational serum retinol and ß-carotene (µmol/L), in different moments during pregnancy, on maternal hemoglobin (Hb, g/L) and anemia (Hb < 110.0 g/L) at delivery, and newborn BW (kg). METHODS: In a prospective cohort study in Cruzeiro do Sul, Western Brazilian Amazon, biomarkers of the VA status were assessed in the second and third trimesters in pregnancy. Serum retinol and ß-carotene were analyzed considering their effects in each and in both assessments (combined VA status), and the difference of serum values between assessments. Multiple linear and Poisson regression models were used with a hierarchical selection of covariates. RESULTS: A total of 488 mother-newborn pairs were surveyed. Combined VA deficiency status increased the risk for maternal anemia (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.39; 95% CI 1.05-1.84), and was negatively associated with maternal Hb (ß - 3.30 g/L; 95% CI - 6.4, - 0.20) and newborn BW (ß - 0.10 kg; 95% CI - 0.20, - 0.00), adjusted for socioeconomic, environmental, obstetric, and antenatal characteristics, and nutritional indicators. However, the association for newborn BW was no longer significant after further adjustment for plasma ferritin. There were no significant associations between serum ß-carotene and the outcomes studied. CONCLUSION: Poor serum retinol status throughout pregnancy was associated with maternal anemia at delivery in Amazonian women. The current World Health Organization protocols for supplementation during antenatal care should consider VA status for planning recommendations in different scenarios.
Subject(s)
Anemia/blood , Anemia/etiology , Birth Weight , Pregnancy Complications/blood , Vitamin A Deficiency/blood , Vitamin A Deficiency/complications , Adult , Brazil , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Mothers , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , Vitamin A/bloodABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The association between cognitive performance and hemoglobin concentration has long been a topic of debate, but few data for middle-aged persons have been explored. The authors examined the association between anemia and cognitive performance at baseline assessment in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a multicenter cohort study of individuals from six Brazilian cities. METHODS: A total of 13,624 participants (mean age=51.6 years [SD=9.0]) were included in this cross-sectional study. Cognitive performance was evaluated by using standardized scores for verbal learning, late recall, word recognition, a semantic verbal fluency test, and the Trail-Making Test, Part B (TMT-B). The association between anemia and cognitive performance was examined by using linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: Anemia was diagnosed in 713 (5.2%) participants. No association was found between anemia and worse cognitive performance for the main models. Global cognitive scores were similar between participants with and without anemia in adjusted models for the entire sample (ß=-0.004; 95% CI=-0.052, 0.044) or for men (ß=0.047; 95% CI=-0.053, 0.146) and women (ß=-0.015; 95% CI=-0.070, 0.040) separately. In addition, hemoglobin levels (in quintile groups) were not associated with global cognitive scores. Similarly, no significant associations with anemia or hemoglobin levels were observed when each cognitive performance test was evaluated separately. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia and hemoglobin levels were not associated with worse cognitive performance in this large cohort.
Subject(s)
Anemia/blood , Cognition/physiology , Cognitive Dysfunction/physiopathology , Hemoglobins , Adult , Anemia/complications , Brazil , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Neste trabalho foi analisada a associação entre insegurança alimentar e níveis de hemoglobina e retinol em crianças de 6 a 59 meses de idade. Trata-se de um estudo seccional, realizado em 2014, com amostra representativa da população de crianças nessa faixa etária, atendidas em unidades básicas de saúde do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Para a análise dos níveis de insegurança alimentar foi utilizada a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar e, para a determinação de hemoglobina e de retinol sérico, foi realizada a punção venosa. A associação entre as variáveis foi avaliada por intermédio de modelos de regressão quantílica. Do total de crianças estudadas, 40,3% apresentavam insegurança alimentar e as prevalências de anemia e de deficiência de vitamina A foram 13,7% e 13%, respectivamente. Os resultados do estudo revelaram associação inversa, estatisticamente significativa, entre insegurança alimentar leve e níveis de retinol. Para os demais níveis de insegurança alimentar (moderada e grave), os resultados também sugerem a presença de associação inversa para hemoglobina e, quanto aos níveis de retinol, as estimativas pontuais parecem menores em crianças com insegurança alimentar grave, entretanto, estas estimativas não foram estatisticamente significativas. Esses resultados sugerem que a insegurança alimentar pode estar associada com carências de micronutrientes em crianças menores de 5 anos.
This study analyzed the association between food insecurity and hemoglobin and retinol levels in children 6 to 59 months of age. This was a cross-sectional study in 2014 with a representative sample of children in this age bracket treated at basic health units in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Analysis of food insecurity levels used the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, and venipuncture was performed for measurement of serum hemoglobin and retinol levels. The association between variables used quantile regression models. Of all the children in the sample, 40.3% presented food insecurity, and the prevalence rates for anemia and vitamin A deficiency were 13.7% and 13%, respectively. The study's results revealed a statistically significant inverse association between mild food insecurity and retinol levels. For the other levels of food insecurity (moderate and severe), the results also suggest an inverse association for hemoglobin, and for retinol levels the point estimates appear smaller in children with severe food insecurity, but these estimates were not statistically significant. These results suggest that food insecurity may be associated with micronutrient deficiencies in children under 5 years.
En este estudio se analizó la asociación entre la inseguridad alimentaria y los niveles de hemoglobina y retinol en niños de 6 a 59 meses de edad. Se trata de un estudio seccional, realizado en 2014, con una muestra representativa de la población de niños en esta franja etaria, atendida en unidades básicas de salud del Municipio de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Para el análisis de los niveles de inseguridad alimentaria se utilizó la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria y, para la determinación de hemoglobina y de retinol sérico, se realizó una punción venosa. La asociación entre las variables se evaluó a través de modelos de regresión cuantílica. Del total de niños estudiados, un 40,3% presentaban inseguridad alimentaria y las prevalencias de anemia y de deficiencia de vitamina A fueron 13,7% y 13%, respectivamente. Los resultados del estudio revelaron una asociación inversa, estadísticamente significativa, entre inseguridad alimentaria leve y niveles de retinol. Para los demás niveles de inseguridad alimentaria (moderada y grave), los resultados también sugieren la presencia de una asociación inversa para la hemoglobina, y, en cuanto a los niveles de retinol, las estimaciones puntuales parecen menores en niños con inseguridad alimentaria grave, sin embargo, estas estimaciones no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Estos resultados sugieren que la inseguridad alimentaria puede estar asociada con carencias de micronutrientes en niños menores de 5 años.