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1.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis ; 32(2): 295-308, 2022 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34895805

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Recently, Apolipoprotein CIII (Apo-CIII) has gained remarkable attention since its overexpression has been strongly correlated to cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurrence. The aim of this review was to summarize the latest findings of Apo-CIII as a CVDs and diabetes risk factor, as well as the plausible mechanisms involved in the development of these pathologies, with particular emphasis on current clinical and dietetic therapies. DATA SYNTHESIS: Apo-CIII is a small protein (∼8.8 kDa) that, among other functions, inhibits lipoprotein lipase, a key enzyme in lipid metabolism. Apo-CIII plays a fundamental role in the physiopathology of atherosclerosis, type-1, and type-2 diabetes. Apo-CIII has become a potential clinical target to tackle these multifactorial diseases. Dietetic (omega-3 fatty acids, stanols, polyphenols, lycopene) and non-dietetic (fibrates, statins, and antisense oligonucleotides) therapies have shown promising results to regulate Apo-CIII and triglyceride levels. However, more information from clinical trials is required to validate it as a new target for atherosclerosis and diabetes types 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: There are still several pathways involving Apo-CIII regulation that might be affected by bioactive compounds that need further research. The mechanisms that trigger metabolic responses following bioactive compounds consumption are mainly related to higher LPL expression and PPARα activation, although the complete pathways are yet to be elucidated.


Subject(s)
Dietetics , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors , Apolipoprotein C-III/genetics , Apolipoproteins C/metabolism , Humans , Triglycerides
2.
J Pediatr ; 183: 170-177.e1, 2017 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28139241

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) identified in Spain during the last 20 years. STUDY DESIGN: Patients were selected among those presenting with multisystem disease of unknown etiology. The isoforms of transferrin and of ApoC3 and dolichols were analyzed in serum; phosphomannomutase and mannosephosphate isomerase activities were measured in fibroblasts. Conventional or massive parallel sequencing (customized panel or Illumina Clinical-Exome Sequencing TruSight One Gene Panel) was used to identify genes and mutations. RESULTS: Ninety-seven patients were diagnosed with 18 different CDG. Eighty-nine patients had a type 1 transferrin profile; 8 patients had a type 2 transferrin profile, with 6 of them showing an alteration in the ApoC3 isoform profile. A total of 75% of the patients had PMM2-CDG presenting with a heterogeneous mutational spectrum. The remaining patients showed mutations in any of the following genes: MPI, PGM1, GFPT1, SRD5A3, DOLK, DPGAT1, ALG1, ALG6, RFT1, SSR4, B4GALT1, DPM1, COG6, COG7, COG8, ATP6V0A2, and CCDC115. CONCLUSION: Based on literature and on this population-based study of CDG, a comprehensive scheme including reported clinical signs of CDG is offered, which will hopefully reduce the timeframe from clinical suspicion to genetic confirmation. The different defects of CDG identified in Spain have contributed to expand the knowledge of CDG worldwide. A predominance of PMM2 deficiency was detected, with 5 novel PMM2 mutations being described.


Subject(s)
Acetyltransferases/metabolism , Apolipoproteins C/metabolism , Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation/diagnosis , Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation/epidemiology , Acetyltransferases/genetics , Apolipoproteins C/genetics , Cohort Studies , Databases, Factual , Female , Genetic Markers , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genetic Testing/methods , Humans , Incidence , Infant, Newborn , Male , Mutation , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Spain/epidemiology
3.
J Lipid Res ; 41(11): 1760-71, 2000 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11060345

ABSTRACT

We have identified a G-to-A transition in exon 3 of the APOC3 gene resulting in a novel Ala23Thr apolipoprotein (apo) C-III variant, associated with apoC-III deficiency in three unrelated Yucatan Indians. The Ala23Thr substitution modifies the hydrophobic/hydrophilic repartition of the helical N-terminal peptide and hence could disturb the lipid association. In vitro expression in Escherichia coli of wild-type and mutant apoC-III enabled the characterization of the variant. Compared with wild-type apoC-III-Ala23, the mutant apoC-III-Thr23 showed reduced affinity for dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) multilamellar vesicles with higher amounts of free apoC-III. Displacement of apoE from discoidal apoE:dipalmitoylphosphatidycholine (DPPC) complex by apoC-III-Thr23 was comparable to wild type but the less efficient binding of the apoC-III-Thr23 to the discoidal complex resulted in a higher apoE/apoC-III (mol/mol) ratio (34%) than with wild-type/apoE:DPPC mixtures. The inhibition of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) by apoC-III-Thr23 was comparable to that of wild type, and therefore effects on LPL activity could not explain the lower triglyceride (Tg) levels in Thr-23 carriers. Thus, these in vitro results suggest that in vivo the less efficient lipid binding of apoC-III-Thr23 might lead to a faster catabolism of free apoC-III, reflected in the reduced plasma apoC-III levels identified in Thr-23 carriers, and poorer competition with apoE, which might enhance clearance of Tg-rich lipoproteins and lower plasma Tg levels seen in Thr-23 carriers.


Subject(s)
Apolipoproteins C/genetics , Lipid Metabolism , Lipoprotein Lipase/antagonists & inhibitors , Mutation , 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Apolipoprotein C-III , Apolipoproteins C/deficiency , Apolipoproteins C/metabolism , Apolipoproteins E/metabolism , Central America , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry, Physical , DNA Mutational Analysis , Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Humans , Indians, Central American , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Molecular , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
4.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam;24(2): 147-58, jun. 1990. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-95763

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se determinaron los valores promedio, desviación estándar y percentilos para el cociente Apo B/C-HDL y, por otra parte, se analizó el efecto de las lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos sobre la relación entre C-LDL y Apo B, determinada por electroinmunodifusión en suero total. Se estudiaron 74 individuos de 20 y más años, aparentemente sanos. Para Apo B/C-HDL se obtuvo un valor medio de 2,16+0,78. El percentilo 50 fue 2,00, el percentilo 75 fue 2,60 y el percentilo 95 fue 3,60. Los individuos con Apo B/C-HDL>3,60 estarían en riesgo respecto de la aterosclerosis coronaria. La relación entre C-LDL y Apo B, es importante para la detección de sujetos con hiperapo B, la cual está fuertemente relacionada con la aterosclerosis coronaria. Utilizando los triglicéridos como estimadores de masa de las lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos, se halló que mientras TG<160 mg/dl la correlación entre Apo B y C-LDL fue r= +0,65,P <0,001. Un 86% de los pacientes con C-LDL entre 80 y 165 mg/dl tenían Apo B entre 55 y 120 mg/dl, mientras que un 12% tenían Apo B por encima de 120 mg/dl. En estos pacientes se puede suponer la presencia de hiperapo B en estas condiciones experimentales. Cuando TG>160 mg/dl, la correlación entre Apo B y C-LDL disminuye a r=+0,39,P<0,1. Un 21% de los pacientes con C-LDL entre 80 y 165 mg/dl tenían Apo B entre 55 y 120 mg/dl, pero un 79% tenían Apo B por encima de 120 mg/dl. En estas condiciones experimentales no se podrían discriminar los pacientes con hiperapo B.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Apolipoproteins B/blood , Apolipoproteins C/blood , Cholesterol, LDL , Coronary Disease/physiopathology , Immunodiffusion , Lipoproteins, HDL/blood , Risk Factors , Apolipoproteins B/biosynthesis , Apolipoproteins B/metabolism , Apolipoproteins C/biosynthesis , Apolipoproteins C/metabolism , Cholesterol, LDL/biosynthesis , Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism , Hypertriglyceridemia/diagnosis , Hypertriglyceridemia/metabolism , Lipoproteins, HDL/biosynthesis , Lipoproteins, HDL/metabolism
5.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 24(2): 147-58, jun. 1990. ilus
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-27505

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se determinaron los valores promedio, desviación estándar y percentilos para el cociente Apo B/C-HDL y, por otra parte, se analizó el efecto de las lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos sobre la relación entre C-LDL y Apo B, determinada por electroinmunodifusión en suero total. Se estudiaron 74 individuos de 20 y más años, aparentemente sanos. Para Apo B/C-HDL se obtuvo un valor medio de 2,16+0,78. El percentilo 50 fue 2,00, el percentilo 75 fue 2,60 y el percentilo 95 fue 3,60. Los individuos con Apo B/C-HDL>3,60 estarían en riesgo respecto de la aterosclerosis coronaria. La relación entre C-LDL y Apo B, es importante para la detección de sujetos con hiperapo B, la cual está fuertemente relacionada con la aterosclerosis coronaria. Utilizando los triglicéridos como estimadores de masa de las lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos, se halló que mientras TG<160 mg/dl la correlación entre Apo B y C-LDL fue r= +0,65,P <0,001. Un 86% de los pacientes con C-LDL entre 80 y 165 mg/dl tenían Apo B entre 55 y 120 mg/dl, mientras que un 12% tenían Apo B por encima de 120 mg/dl. En estos pacientes se puede suponer la presencia de hiperapo B en estas condiciones experimentales. Cuando TG>160 mg/dl, la correlación entre Apo B y C-LDL disminuye a r=+0,39,P<0,1. Un 21% de los pacientes con C-LDL entre 80 y 165 mg/dl tenían Apo B entre 55 y 120 mg/dl, pero un 79% tenían Apo B por encima de 120 mg/dl. En estas condiciones experimentales no se podrían discriminar los pacientes con hiperapo B. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Comparative Study , Risk Factors , Coronary Disease/physiopathology , Apolipoproteins B/blood , Apolipoproteins C/blood , Lipoproteins, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL , Immunodiffusion/methods , Apolipoproteins B/biosynthesis , Apolipoproteins B/metabolism , Apolipoproteins C/biosynthesis , Apolipoproteins C/metabolism , Cholesterol, LDL/biosynthesis , Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism , Lipoproteins, HDL/biosynthesis , Lipoproteins, HDL/metabolism , Hypertriglyceridemia/diagnosis , Hypertriglyceridemia/metabolism
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