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1.
Diagn Cytopathol ; 34(5): 377-81, 2006 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16604556

ABSTRACT

We examined the statistical relationships between dysbacteriosis and (pre)neoplasia related to age and ethnicity from the cervical screening of almost half a million smears. Data from 445,080 smears were coded according to KOPAC (the Dutch national cervical smear coding system) with nine grades. Prevalence per 100,000 smears and relative risks (RR) were calculated for dysbacteriosis and for squamous abnormalities. Patients were stratified by their probable country of origin. Dutch women had an RR of 0.92 for dysbacteriosis. Surinamese women had the highest RR for dysbacteriosis (RR = 2.36) and Moroccan women had the lowest (RR = 1.00). The same trends were seen for the risks of squamous abnormalities. The data for Turkish women follow the patterns of those for Surinamese women. The RR of dysbacteriosis is highest at 50 yr (1.28) and lowest at 35 yr (0.86). When dysbacteriotic and non-dysbacteriotic smears were compared, dysbacteriosis was observed more frequently in smears with squamous abnormalities (4.1% vs. 2.2%). Dysbacteriosis may warrant more intensive cytological surveillance and changes in lifestyle.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Mass Screening/methods , Precancerous Conditions/microbiology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/microbiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/microbiology , Adult , Bacterial Infections/ethnology , Bacterial Infections/pathology , Female , Humans , Lactobacillaceae/physiology , Middle Aged , Morocco/ethnology , Netherlands/epidemiology , Precancerous Conditions/ethnology , Precancerous Conditions/pathology , Suriname/ethnology , Turkey/ethnology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/ethnology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Vagina/microbiology , Vaginal Smears , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/ethnology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology
2.
J Periodontol ; 73(10): 1160-8, 2002 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12416774

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence supports the role of genetic factors in susceptibility to infectious diseases, including chronic periodontitis. The role of genetic factors in phenotypic expression can be estimated from the degree of resemblance between relatives, as compared with that of unrelated members of a population. Heritability is an estimate of the proportion of total phenotypic variation of a quantitative trait, which is attributable to genetic factors, and is based on the variance within versus between family members. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a familial basis for periodontal disease status in an untreated population in Guatemala using heritability estimates as a measure of familial clustering of disease. METHODS: One-hundred and thirteen adult subjects (including both siblings and spouse pairs), age range 35 to 60 years, participated in this study. Full-mouth periodontal examinations were performed and heritability estimates were calculated for mean plaque score, mean gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated using the same parameters for spouses to determine whether a common family environment in adulthood plays a role in disease expression. RESULTS: Only in the case of mean plaque score and mean recession score were heritability estimates significantly above zero at alpha = 0.05. For spouse pairs, mean GI score, mean PD, and percentage of sites of PD > or = 5 mm showed a statistically significant ICC. CONCLUSIONS: These results lead us to reject the hypothesis that there is substantial heritability for periodontal disease expression in this population. This may be due to an underlying lack of genetic variation within this sample or may indicate that, compared with the role of environmental factors, the genetic contribution to periodontal disease phenotypes is relatively minor.


Subject(s)
Periodontitis/ethnology , Periodontitis/genetics , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Bacterial Infections/ethnology , Bacterial Infections/transmission , Dental Plaque Index , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Family Health , Female , Guatemala/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Periodontal Attachment Loss/genetics , Periodontal Index , Quantitative Trait, Heritable , Siblings , Smoking , Space-Time Clustering , Spouses , Statistics, Nonparametric
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