New generation bulk-fill resin composites: Effects on mechanical strength and fracture reliability.

PURPOSE: To investigate the mechanical performance and fracture reliability of new generation, bulk-fill resin composites of different viscosities. METHODS: Forty sound maxillary premolars were prepared into Class I cavities comprised of 5 mm width × 5 mm length × 5 mm thickness. The teeth were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 10) according to the restorative material: Negative control - without restoration; Positive control - conventional resin composite (Opallis; FGM) was applied using increments of up to 2.0 mm-thick; Bulk-Regular - bulk-fill resin composite of regular viscosity (Opus Bulk Fill; FGM) was applied using a single increment of 5 mm-thick; and Bulk-Flow - a low-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite (Opus Bulk Fill Flow; FGM) was applied as the first increment with ∼3.5 mm-thick, followed by two final increments of Opallis (∼1.5 mm-thick). The teeth were stored at 37 °C, for 24 h, and submitted to a mechanical testing machine (DL500; EMIC) under a compressive loading. Work of fracture (Wf) was also obtained. All data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey (α = 5%). Reliability of restorations and probability of failure were analyzed by Weibull analysis. RESULTS: The non-restored teeth showed the weakest behavior of the study. All the restored groups demonstrated similar mechanical properties to each other (p ≥ 0.242). The positive and negative controls failed exclusively within the cohesiveness of enamel/dentin, whereas the bulk-fill-based restorations showed a mixture of cohesive and mixed failures. The restored groups showed an overall similar reliability, although the Bulk-Regular group demonstrated greater characteristic strength than the positive control. CONCLUSION: The novel bulk-fill resin composites of low and regular viscosities show promising application in the restoration of Class I cavities in premolars, demonstrating similar mechanical performance and reliability as compared with restorations prepared using conventional resin composites. From the bulk-fill materials, the version with regular viscosity presented the greatest compliant behavior of the study.

Effect of EDTA, sodium, and calcium hypochlorite on the inorganic component of root canal dentin: A SEM analysis.

This study evaluated the influence of canal irrigation protocols with 5.25% calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2 ], 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% EDTA solution on the inorganic component of root canal dentin. Sixty roots were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): Saline solution (SS) (control); Saline solution (SSE) +17% EDTA; CH - 5.25% Ca(OCl)2 ; CHE - 5.25% Ca(OCl)2 + 17% EDTA; SH - 5.25% NaOCl; SHE - 5.25% NaOCl +17% EDTA. After canal irrigation, the specimens were longitudinally split and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dentinal tubules were observed in transverse (middle and apical thirds) direction. The images were classified in scores, according to smear layer removal and peritubular dentin alteration, and data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis's test, followed by Dunn's test (α = 0.05). In the middle third, all groups with EDTA presented better removal of the smear layer with higher peritubular dentin alteration (p < .05). In the apical third, this happened only in SHE (p < .05). Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl exhibit similar performance to remove smear layer and alteration of the inorganic component in the middle third. In the apical third, NaOCl associated with EDTA showed better performance in smear layer removal.

Effect of chlorhexidine varnish on gingival growth in orthodontic patients: a randomized prospective split-mouth study.

INTRODUCTION: Fixed orthodontic appliances patients suffer limitations on the effective control of biofilm by mechanical methods, bringing the need of a coadjutant in the control of inflammation and oral health improvement. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective split-mouth blind study was to analyze the effect of a 40% chlorhexidine (CHX) varnish on gingival growth of patients with orthodontic fixed appliances. METHODS: Healthy teenage patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and increased gingival volume were recruited (n = 30). Each individual was his own control, having in the maxilla one control side and one treatment side. An application of varnishes occurred on the vestibular area of the upper premolars and first molar crowns, on the control side (placebo varnish) and on the experimental side (EC40(r) Biodentic CHX varnish). The varnishes and sides were randomly chosen and its identification and group was kept by a third party observer and it was not revealed to the researchers and participants until the end of study. In order to establish a baseline registration, digital photographs were taken by a trained photographer before varnish application at baseline (T0), as well as 14 days (T14) and 56 days (T56) after the application. The gingival volume was calculated indirectly using the vestibular areas (mm2) of the upper second premolars' clinical crowns by RapidSketch(r) software, at all study times. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Turkey-Krammer test. RESULTS: It was observed, in the final sample of 30 individuals, that at T0, the control and treatment groups were similar. At T14 and T56, a progressive reduction of the clinical crown area was seen in the control group, and an increase in the average area was detected in the experimental group (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of 40% CHX varnish decreases the gingival overgrowth in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Further studies are necessary to set the action time and frequency of application.

Effect of chlorhexidine varnish on gingival growth in orthodontic patients: a randomized prospective split-mouth study

Introduction: Fixed orthodontic appliances patients suffer limitations on the effective control of biofilm by mechanical methods, bringing the need of a coadjutant in the control of inflammation and oral health improvement.Objective: The aim of this prospective split-mouth blind study was to analyze the effect of a 40% chlorhexidine (CHX) varnish on gingival growth of patients with orthodontic fixed appliances. Methods: Healthy teenage patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and increased gingival volume were recruited (n = 30). Each individual was his own control, having in the maxilla one control side and one treatment side. An application of varnishes occurred on the vestibular area of the upper premolars and first molar crowns, on the control side (placebo varnish) and on the experimental side (EC40(r) Biodentic CHX varnish). The varnishes and sides were randomly chosen and its identification and group was kept by a third party observer and it was not revealed to the researchers and participants until the end of study. In order to establish a baseline registration, digital photographs were taken by a trained photographer before varnish application at baseline (T0), as well as 14 days (T14) and 56 days (T56) after the application. The gingival volume was calculated indirectly using the vestibular areas (mm2) of the upper second premolars' clinical crowns by RapidSketch(r) software, at all study times. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Turkey-Krammer test.Results:It was observed, in the final sample of 30 individuals, that at T0, the control and treatment groups were similar. At T14 and T56, a progressive reduction of the clinical crown area was seen in the control group, and an increase in the average area was detected in the experimental group (p < 0,05).Conclusions: The use of 40% CHX varnish decreases the gingival overgrowth in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Further studies are necessary to set the action time and frequency of application.

Introdução: pacientes com aparelhos ortodônticos fixos sofrem limitações no controle efetivo de biofilme por métodos mecânicos, trazendo a necessidade de um coadjuvante no controle na inflamação e melhora na saúde bucal.Objetivo:esse estudo cruzado prospectivo randomizado teve como objetivo analisar o efeito do verniz de clorexidina (CHX) a 40% no crescimento gengival de pacientes com aparelhos ortodônticos fixos.Métodos:indivíduos adolescentes com aparelhos ortodônticos fixos e aumento de volume gengival foram recrutados para a pesquisa (n = 30). Cada participante atuou como seu próprio controle, tendo, na maxila, um lado controle e um tratamento. No lado controle, aplicou-se verniz placebo e no lado experimental, o verniz EC40(r) Biodentic CHX, ambos na face vestibular das coroas dos pré-molares e primeiro molar superiores. Os vernizes e lados foram escolhidos de forma aleatória e a identificação deles e a que grupo pertenciam foi mantida por um terceiro observador, não sendo revelada aos pesquisadores nem aos participantes até o final do estudo. Fotografias digitais foram tiradas por um fotógrafo treinado, antes da aplicação do verniz no tempo inicial (T0), bem como 14 dias (T14) e 56 dias (T56) após a aplicação. O volume gengival foi calculado indiretamente, por meio das áreas vestibulares (mm2) das coroas dos segundos pré-molares superiores, com o softwareRapidSketch(r), em todos os tempos de estudo. Os dados foram analisados usando ANOVA e teste de Turkey-Krammer.Resultados:na amostra final de 30 indivíduos, observou-se que, em T0, os grupos controle e tratamento foram semelhantes. Já em T14 e T56, foi observada uma progressiva redução na área da coroa clínica no grupo controle, e um aumento na área média do grupo experimental (p< 0,05).Conclusão:o uso do verniz de CHX a 40% diminui o excessivo crescimento gengival em pacientes sob tratamento ortodôntico. Estudos futuros são necessários para se determinar o tempo de ação e a frequência de aplicação.

Antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine after final irrigation with ethanol: CLSM and culture-based method analysis.

This study investigated the effect of 95% ethanol on the antibacterial properties of 2% chlorexidine (CHX) over monospecies biofilm (Enterococcus faecalis) through a culture-based method, and over multispecies biofilm using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). For monospecies model, E. faecalis biofilm was induced in 40 root canals. The irrigation procedures were: S-saline solution; S/CHX-saline solution + CHX; E-ethanol; and E/CHX-ethanol + CHX. Microbial sampling was performed at three periods: before (S1), immediately after (S2), and 72 h after the final flush (S3). For multispecies biofilm model, 28 sterilized bovine dentin blocks were fixed on a removable orthodontic device to allow intraoral biofilm development. Seven samples were used in each group. Statistical analysis was carried out by using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's test for multiple comparisons. There was a significant reduction in CFUs count immediately after the final flush (S2) in all experimental groups (P < 0.05). However, only S/CHX, E and E/CHX groups had CFU counts close to zero, without differences among them (P > 0.05). After 72h (S3), the S/CHX and E/CHX groups had CFU counts near zero (P > 0.05). The CFU count increased in S3 for S and E groups (P < 0.05). CLSM showed that the percentages of remaining live cells were similar in S/CHX, E, and E/CHX groups (P > 0.05). The S group had the highest percentage of live cells (P < 0.05). The 95% ethanol did not interfere in the antibacterial properties of 2% CHX over mono- and multispecies biofilms.

Tooth bleaching increases dentinal protease activity.

Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidative agent commonly used for dental bleaching procedures. The structural and biochemical responses of enamel, dentin, and pulp tissues to the in vivo bleaching of human (n = 20) premolars were investigated in this study. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe enamel nanostructure. The chemical composition of enamel and dentin was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The enzymatic activities of dental cathepsin B and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were monitored with fluorogenic substrates. The amount of collagen in dentin was measured by emission of collagen autofluorescence with confocal fluorescence microscopy. The presence of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the pulp was evaluated with a fluorogenic 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) probe. Vital bleaching of teeth significantly altered all tested parameters: AFM images revealed a corrosion of surface enamel nanostructure; FTIR analysis showed a loss of carbonate and proteins from enamel and dentin, along with an increase in the proteolytic activity of cathepsin-B and MMPs; and there was a reduction in the autofluorescence of collagen and an increase in both cathepsin-B activity and ROS in pulp tissues. Together, these results indicate that 35% hydrogen peroxide used in clinical bleaching protocols dramatically alters the structural and biochemical properties of dental hard and soft pulp tissue.

Effect of dentin pretreatment with potassium oxalate: analysis of microtensile bond strengths and morphologic aspects.

An effective and stable bond is the most desirable characteristic of contemporary adhesive systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of potassium oxalate on dentin/resin bond strength. Dentin on the occlusal surface of human premolars was exposed and etched with 35% phosphoric acid, to receive 3% monohydrated potassium oxalate and the following adhesive systems: Scotchbond Multipurpose (SMO; 3M/ESPE) and Prime & Bond NT (PBO; Dentsply), followed by the application of resin composite (Z250; 3M/ESPE). The control groups (SM and PB) did not receive potassium oxalate application. The prepared teeth were kept in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h and 12 months. They were then cut longitudinally into sticks with a bond area of ∼0.8 mm(2) for submission to the microtensile bond strength test. The data were analyzed by two-factor ANOVA, Tamhane's paired comparisons, and the Student t-test (α = 0.05). The hybrid layer formed was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM analysis of the surfaces treated with PB revealed shorter resin tags associated with the application of potassium oxalate, whereas SM showed tags similar to those without potassium oxalate. A significant difference was shown between the two storage times for each of the protocols. There was a significant difference among SMO, SM, and PBO (24 h), as well as among SM, SMO, and PBO, and between PB and PBO (12 months). The application of potassium oxalate before conventional adhesive systems may result in alteration of the bond strength between dentin and resin composite, depending on the material.

Human pulp responses to in-office tooth bleaching.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the responses of human incisor and premolar pulps after bleaching. STUDY DESIGN: A bleaching agent with 38% hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) was applied on the buccal surface of 10 sound lower teeth (G1: 6 premolars; G2: 4 incisors) for 45 minutes. Three premolars and 3 incisors that received only rubber/pumice prophylaxis were used as control groups G3 and G4, respectively. Two days after the bleaching procedure, the teeth were extracted and processed for histologic evaluation. RESULTS: Only in G2 (4 incisors) were any changes in the pulp detected. In the coronal pulp there was a large zone of coagulation necrosis. The radicular pulp showed mild inflammatory changes manifested as an accumulation of mononuclear cells around congested and dilated blood vessels. No pulpal damage was seen in either of the control groups (G3 and G4) or in group G1. CONCLUSION: Bleaching with 38% H(2)O(2) for 45 minutes causes irreversible pulp damage in lower incisors but not in premolars.

The effect of tooth bleaching on the enamel surface and the tensile force to debond orthodontic brackets.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of successive tooth bleaching on the tensile force to debond orthodontic brackets and dental enamel. DESIGN: In vitro study. SETTINGS: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two human premolars were divided into three groups: Group 1 was not submitted to bleaching, Group 2 was subjected to one tooth bleaching (35% hydrogen peroxide enabled by LEDs) and Group 3 was subjected to two tooth bleachings interspersed by aging. Twenty teeth from each group were subjected to tensile test, failure pattern after debonding and evaluation of resin/enamel interface. Four teeth from each group were not submitted to tensile bond testing and had their external surfaces and internal structure analyzed by SEM and polarized light microscopy. RESULTS: The strength of the brackets decreased in Groups 2 and 3, but was not significant (P=0.635). In general, the failure pattern appeared at the resin/bracket interface or within the resin. The experimental groups showed an increase in slots and erosions on the surface of the enamel and were more pronounced in Group 3. There were no changes to the internal structure of the enamel. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a 35% hydrogen peroxide in-office bleaching system, in vitro, seven days before bonding, does not significantly reduce the tensile force to debond orthodontic brackets, even after a second bleaching procedure. In most cases, debonding occurred at the adhesive/bracket interface or within the adhesive. Bleaching alters the enamel surface and the resin/enamel interface, but it does not influence bond strength.

The effect of tooth bleaching on substance P expression in human dental pulp.

The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of tooth bleaching on substance P (SP) expression in healthy human dental pulp. Forty pulp samples were obtained from healthy premolars in which extraction was indicated for orthodontic reasons. Thirty of these premolars were assigned into three different tooth-bleaching protocols: group 1 (n = 10): Opalescence Xtra Boost (Ultradent Products, South Jordan, UT) (38% H(2)O(2)) for 15 minutes; group 2 (n = 10): Lase Peroxide (DMC, Brazil) (35% H(2)O(2)) activated with infrared laser diode (Biolux; BioArt, Brazil) for 3 minutes, and group 3 (n = 10): Zoom! Whitening System (Discuss Dental, Culver City, CA) (25% H(2)O(2)) light activated for 20 minutes. The remaining 10 healthy premolars serve as a control group. Teeth were anesthetized immediately after bleaching and were extracted 10 minutes later. All pulp samples were processed and SP was measured by radioimmunoassay. Greater SP expression was found in the Zoom! Whitening System, followed by the Lase Peroxide group, Opalescence Xtra Boost, and the lower SP values were for the control group. Analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences between groups (p = 0.0001). Tukey HSD post hoc tests showed significant differences in the light (p < 0.01) and laser (p < 0.05) activated bleaching systems when compared with control values. It can be concluded that light- and laser-activated tooth-bleaching systems increase SP expression in human dental pulp significantly higher than normal values.

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with or without Calcium Chloride in Pulpotomy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reaction of the pulp tissue against mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with or without 10% calcium chloride (CaCl(2)). Pulpotomies were performed in 4 canines and 8 premolars of two 8-month-old dogs. MTA with or without CaCl(2) was applied on the pulp tissue. The animals were killed after 90 days, and the specimens were processed for the microscopic analysis. Pulp tissue response was similar for MTA with and without CaCl(2). Pulp vitality was present in all specimens, along with pulp repair with formation of mineralized tissue bridging. The addition of CaCl(2) to MTA did not change its biologic properties in formation of mineralized barrier after pulpotomy.

Evaluation of mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide cement as pulp-capping agents in human teeth.

This study evaluated the histomorphologic response of human dental pulps capped with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Ca(OH)2 cement (CH). Pulp exposures were performed on the occlusal floor of 40 human permanent premolars. After that, the pulp was capped either with CH or MTA and restored with composite resin. After 30 and 60 days, teeth were extracted and processed for histologic exam and categorized in a histologic score system. The data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis and Conover tests (alpha = .05). All groups performed well in terms of hard tissue bridge formation, inflammatory response, and other pulpal findings. However, a lower response of CH30 was observed for the dentin bridge formation, when compared with MTA30 and MTA60 groups. Although the pulp healing with calcium hydroxide was slower than that of MTA, both materials were successful for pulp capping in human teeth.

Effectiveness of EDTA and EDTA-T brushing on the removal of root surface smear layer.

The purpose of this study was to compare the removal of root surface smear layer following active application of EDTA gel and EDTA-T (texapon) gel in different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 24%), using scanning electron microscopy. A total of 220 dentin blocks obtained from the root surfaces of extracted teeth were divided into 3 groups: Group I - (control) application of saline solution (n = 20); Group II - EDTA gel (pH 7.0) was applied in the following concentrations: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 24% (n = 100); Group III - EDTA-T gel (pH 7.0) applied in the same concentrations described above (n = 100). The photomicrographs were evaluated by one calibrated examiner using a smear layer removal index and following statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test). The results demonstrated that the specimens treated with EDTA and EDTA-T gel presented a better smear layer removal than the control group (p < 0.01); no statistically significant differences were observed between the EDTA and EDTA-T groups and between the concentrations tested (Mann-Whitney, p > 0.05). Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that all treatment modalities effectively removed the smear layer from the root surface. The addition of texapon into the EDTA gel formulation did not increase its effectiveness.

Efeito de sistemas adesivos na resistência à fratura de pré-molares superiores humanos restaurados com amálgama / Effect of bonded amalgam on the fracture resistance of human premolars

Comparou-se, in vitro, a resistência à fratura de pré-molares superiores humanos com preparos cavitários MOD extensos em cinco diferentes situaçöes: preparos näo restaurados, restaurados com amálgama ou restaurados pela técnica que associa o amálgama aos adesivos All Bond 2, Amalgambond Plus e Scotchbond Multi Uso Plus. As amostras restauradas permaneceram armazenadas em água destilada por 24 horas em uma estufa a 37ºC, para entäo serem submetidas ao carregamento axial de compressäo na máquina de ensaios universal Kratos. Os valores de resistência obtidos foram submetidos a Análise de Variância a um critério e ao teste estatístico Student-Newman-Keuls. Os resultados permitiram concluir que resistência à fratura de pré-molares superiores humanos com restauraçöes MOD de amálgama forradas com os sistemas adesivos Amalgambond Plus (79,5Kgf), Scotchbond Multi Uso Plus (85,4Kgf) e All Bond 2 (86,1Kgf) näo é estatisticamente superior àqueles restaurados com amálgama associado ao verniz cavitário (80,5Kgf) e que os dentes näo restaurados (61,8Kgf) apresentaram resistência significantemente inferior aos demais grupos restaurados

Análise histopatológica de polpas de pré-molares humanos submetidos a pulpotomia e capeados com hidroxiapatita, hidroxiapatita + glicina e hidróxido de cálcio / Histopatological analysis of human premolar pulps submitted to pulpotomies and caped with hydroxyapatite, hydroxiapatite + glycine and calcium hydroxide

Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o intuito de testar a hidroxiapatita como substância capeadora pulpar em pré-molares humanos submetidos à pulpotomia e comparar com os resultados obtidos com o hidróxido de cálcio. Foram utilizados 24 pré-molares hígidos divididos em 3 grupos de 8 dentes cada. O período de observaçäo foi de 40 dias, após os quais, os dentes foram extraídos, fixados, radiografados e submetidos a avaliaçäo histopatológica das reaçöes pulpares. O grupo I, onde foi utilizado o hidróxido de cálcio + soro fisiológico, apresentou, tanto radiográfica quanto histologicamente, a formaçäo de uma barreira mineralizada e tecido conjuntivo pulpar com características de normalidade. O grupo II e o grupo III, onde foi utilizada a hidroxiapatita + soro fisiológico e a hidroxiapatita + glicina, respectivamente, apresentou como característica principal a difusäo do material para o interior do tecido pulpar, sendo que, no grupo III este fato foi mais intenso. O hidróxido de cálcio continua sendo o material de eleiçäo para pulpotomia em dentes permanentes jovens. A hidroxiapatita näo induziu à formaçäo de tecido mineralizado na maioria dos casos

Avaliaçäo da eficácia do selante na prevençäo da cárie oclusal após dois anos de aplicaçäo em escolares da rede pública de Goiânia-GO / Effectiveness of fissure sealant in preventing occlusal caries after two years of application in school-children of the public school in Goiânia-GO

Avaliaçäo da eficácia do selante na prevençäo da cárie oclusal após dois anos de aplicaçäo em escolares da rede pública de Goiânia-GO. Busco-se verificar a eficácia da utilizaçäo do selante oclusal como método preventivo da cárie em Saúde Pública. Avaliou-se a retençäo do mesmo após dois anos de uma única aplicaçäo em dentes permanentes de escolares da rede pública de Goiânia-GO, beneficiados por programa desenvolvido pela Disciplina de Odontologia Social da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Verificou-se retençäo total do selante em 53,9 por cento dos dentes examinados, enquanto 14,8 por cento estavam parcialmente perdidos e 31,1 por cento totalmente perdidos. A retençäo foi melhor nos pré-molares do que nos primeiros molares (p<0,05) e näo houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a arcada superior e inferior. Das faces oclusais examinadas, 81,6 por cento e 58,4 por cento apresentaram-se hígidas após perda parcial e total do selante, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que embora os percentuais de retençäo total tenham sido baixos, o selante mostrou-se eficaz na prevençäo da cárie oclusal nos escolares beneficiados

Comparação da retenção de selante de fóssulas e fissuras, aplicado sob isolamento relativo e absoluto / Comparison of pit and fissure sealant application under total and partial isolation

A avaliação clínica da retenção de um selante de fóssulas e fissuras foi realizado em pré-molares e molares hígidos de crianças e jovens de 6 a 14 anos de idade. A amostra foi constituída de 150 dentes, divididos em dois grupos: sendo que no grupo I, composto por 78 dentes, o material selador foi aplicado sob isolamento relativo, e no grupo II, composto por 72 dentes, sob isolamento absoluto. As avaliações de permanência do selante foram realizadas aos 3, 6 e 9 meses após as aplicações, através de exames clínicos, utilizando-se sonda exploradora e espelho bucal plano. Os resultados após 9 meses mostraram retenção total em 86,15 por cento e 78,57 por cento dos dentes do grupo II e I respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos. Pode-se concluir, portanto, que em programas preventivos de saúde pública, a utilização do selante sob isolamento relativo pode ser indicado pela facilidade da técnica, redução de tempo operacional e resultados favoráveis já observados