Subject(s)
Academies and Institutes/history , Bionics/history , Faculty/history , Informatics/history , Interdisciplinary Communication , International Cooperation , Research Personnel/history , Universities/history , Bionics/education , Bionics/trends , Faculty, Medical/history , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Hungary , Informatics/education , Informatics/trends , Leadership , Research/historyABSTRACT
Suspicion towards technological advances has progressively grown during the xx(th) century. However, in the XXI(st) century, reading the NBIC (nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive science) report of the National Science Foundation, we can note that science has caught up with science fiction. These changes in public mentality on one side and in scientific capacities on the other argue for an evolution of the debate on sciences. The recent example of the national debate on nanotechnology in France has clearly shown that the public is no longer waiting for additional sources of scientific knowledge but rather waiting for the recognition of its authority to participate in the definition of the national R&D priority and associated scientific strategies. This is all the more legitimate that these strategies will have profound impact on the future of our societies and therefore cannot be decided only by scientists. Hence, it is crucial to identify innovative tools promoting debate on sciences and their technological spin-off. Here, we contend that science fiction has major assets that could face this challenge and facilitate the dialogue between sciences and society.
Subject(s)
Democracy , Literature, Modern , Science , Biomedical Enhancement/ethics , Bionics/ethics , Bionics/history , Biotechnology/ethics , Cybernetics/ethics , Cybernetics/history , Dissent and Disputes , Eugenics/history , Forecasting , France , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Human Characteristics , Humans , Literature, Modern/history , Nanotechnology/ethics , Public Opinion , Research , Science/ethics , Science/history , WarfareABSTRACT
The procedural approaches of Technical Biology and Bionics are characterized, and analogy research is identified as their common basis. The actual creative aspect in bionical research lies in recognizing and exploiting technically oriented analogies underlying a specific biological prototype to indicate a specific technical application.
Subject(s)
Biomechanical Phenomena , Bionics/history , Metaphor , Research/history , Animals , Europe , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , HumansSubject(s)
Bionics , Neural Pathways , Prostheses and Implants , Amputation Stumps/innervation , Amputation Stumps/surgery , Bionics/classification , Bionics/history , Bionics/instrumentation , Bionics/methods , Bionics/trends , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Neural Pathways/surgery , Prostheses and Implants/history , Prostheses and Implants/psychology , Prostheses and Implants/statistics & numerical data , Prostheses and Implants/trends , Prostheses and Implants/ultrastructure , United StatesSubject(s)
Bionics/history , Prostheses and Implants/history , Transplantation/history , Biocompatible Materials/history , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Tissue Engineering/historyABSTRACT
A history of the interplay between the physical and life sciences is presented. Many of the discoveries that resulted from research conducted by life and physical scientists are described. The type of training required for effective interdisciplinary work is briefly discussed.