ABSTRACT
The objective of this trial was to investigate the potential benefits of enzyme and probiotic supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, and meat quality of Simmental cattle. Sixty Simmental steers (367.75±4.69 kg) were randomly divided into three groups: control (fed basal diet), BC1 group (fed basal diet and 10 g/d brewer's yeast and cellulase supplementation per cattle), and BC2 group (fed basal diet and 20 g/d brewer's yeast and cellulase supplementation per cattle). A 10-d preparation period was followed by a 120-d experimental period. The results showed that the final weight of the BC2 group was greater than that of the control group. Also, feed conversion ratio of the BC2 group was better than that of the control group. Net meat weight increased by 3.86% in the BC2 group compared with the control group. The apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and crude protein of the BC2 group was greater than that of the control group. Dietary supplementation with brewer's yeast and cellulase supplementation could improve the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Simmental cattle.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cellulase/adverse effects , Enzyme Activation/physiology , Meat/analysis , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry , Cattle/physiologyABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding different xylanase and β-glucanase enzyme blends to maize- and soybean meal-based diets on performance and energy metabolizability in broilers. Two experiments were carried out with broilers of the COBB 500 strain. In the first experiment, 1960 chicks were assigned to a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement, totaling seven treatments, namely, T1- Positive control (PC); T2 - Negative control 1 (NC1; PC minus 200 kcal kg-¹ ME); T3 - NC1 + Blend A; T4 - NC1 + Blend B; T5 - Negative control 2 (NC2; PC minus 167 kcal kg-¹ ME and 5% amino acids); T6 - NC2 + Blend A; and T7 - NC2 + Blend B. Fourteen replicates were used per treatment and 20 birds per experimental unit. The parameters evaluated at 21 and 42 days of age were weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion (FC). At 42 days, production efficiency index (PEI), viability and the yields of cuts were also calculated. Birds that received diets with a reduced nutritional value showed a reduction in WG and PEI and worsened FC as compared those of PC treatment (p < 0.05). However, the birds that consumed the NC2 diet with Blend B exhibited a similar WG to those in PC group (p > 0.05) from 1 to 21 days of life. For the yield of thigh + drumstick, the factors were statistically similar (p > 0.05) to those observed in the PC birds. In the second experiment, 432 fourteen-day-old chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with seven treatments, with eight replicates per treatment and six birds per experimental unit. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) values were determined. Overall, the NC2 diet with Blend B provided the highest AME and AMEn values; however, NC1 with the same enzyme blend was the treatment which provided the lowest values. The addition of xylanase [...].(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adição de diferentes blends enzimáticos de xilanase e β-glucanase em dietas a base de milho e de farelo de soja sobre o desempenho e metabolizabilidade da energia para frangos de corte. Foram realizados dois experimentos com frangos de corte da linhagem COBB500. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizados 1960 pintos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 + 1, totalizando sete tratamentos: T1- Controle Positivo (CP); T2- Controle negativo 1 (CN1; CP menos 200 kcal Kg-¹ de EM); T3 - CN1 + Blend A; T4 - CN1 + Blend B; T5 - Controle negativo 2 (CN2; CP menos 167 kcal Kg-¹ de EM e 5% de aminoácidos); T6 - CN2 + Blend A e T7 - CN2 + Blend B. Foram utilizadas 14 repetições por tratamento e 20 aves por unidade experimental. Os parâmetros avaliados aos 21 e aos 42 dias de idade dos frangos foram o ganho de peso (GP), o consumo de ração (CR) e a conversão alimentar (CA). Aos 42 dias calculou-se o índice de eficiência produtiva (IEP), viabilidade (VIAB) e rendimento de cortes. Foi observado que as aves que receberam dietas com reduzido valor nutricionais apresentaram redução no GP e IEP e piora na CA comparadas ao CP (p < 0,05), porém as aves que consumiram a dieta CN2 com o Blend B, que apresentaram GP semelhante ao CP (p > 0,05) no período de um a 21 dias de vida. Para o rendimento de coxa mais sobrecoxa (RCS), foi possível observar que os fatores apresentaram estatisticamente (p >0,05) semelhantes ao CP. No segundo experimento foram utilizados 432 pintos com 14 dias de idade, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos com 8 repetições por tratamento e 6 aves por unidade experimental. Foram determinados os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e aparente corrigida para balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn). Em geral, a dieta CN2 como Blend B apresentou o maior valor de EMA e EMAn, porém, [...].(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens/growth & development , Chickens/metabolism , Dietary Sugars/adverse effects , Cellulase/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding different xylanase and β-glucanase enzyme blends to maize- and soybean meal-based diets on performance and energy metabolizability in broilers. Two experiments were carried out with broilers of the COBB 500 strain. In the first experiment, 1960 chicks were assigned to a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement, totaling seven treatments, namely, T1- Positive control (PC); T2 - Negative control 1 (NC1; PC minus 200 kcal kg-¹ ME); T3 - NC1 + Blend A; T4 - NC1 + Blend B; T5 - Negative control 2 (NC2; PC minus 167 kcal kg-¹ ME and 5% amino acids); T6 - NC2 + Blend A; and T7 - NC2 + Blend B. Fourteen replicates were used per treatment and 20 birds per experimental unit. The parameters evaluated at 21 and 42 days of age were weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion (FC). At 42 days, production efficiency index (PEI), viability and the yields of cuts were also calculated. Birds that received diets with a reduced nutritional value showed a reduction in WG and PEI and worsened FC as compared those of PC treatment (p 0.05) from 1 to 21 days of life. For the yield of thigh + drumstick, the factors were statistically similar (p > 0.05) to those observed in the PC birds. In the second experiment, 432 fourteen-day-old chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with seven treatments, with eight replicates per treatment and six birds per experimental unit. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) values were determined. Overall, the NC2 diet with Blend B provided the highest AME and AMEn values; however, NC1 with the same enzyme blend was the treatment which provided the lowest values. The addition of xylanase [...].
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adição de diferentes blends enzimáticos de xilanase e β-glucanase em dietas a base de milho e de farelo de soja sobre o desempenho e metabolizabilidade da energia para frangos de corte. Foram realizados dois experimentos com frangos de corte da linhagem COBB500. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizados 1960 pintos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 + 1, totalizando sete tratamentos: T1- Controle Positivo (CP); T2- Controle negativo 1 (CN1; CP menos 200 kcal Kg-¹ de EM); T3 - CN1 + Blend A; T4 - CN1 + Blend B; T5 - Controle negativo 2 (CN2; CP menos 167 kcal Kg-¹ de EM e 5% de aminoácidos); T6 - CN2 + Blend A e T7 - CN2 + Blend B. Foram utilizadas 14 repetições por tratamento e 20 aves por unidade experimental. Os parâmetros avaliados aos 21 e aos 42 dias de idade dos frangos foram o ganho de peso (GP), o consumo de ração (CR) e a conversão alimentar (CA). Aos 42 dias calculou-se o índice de eficiência produtiva (IEP), viabilidade (VIAB) e rendimento de cortes. Foi observado que as aves que receberam dietas com reduzido valor nutricionais apresentaram redução no GP e IEP e piora na CA comparadas ao CP (p 0,05) no período de um a 21 dias de vida. Para o rendimento de coxa mais sobrecoxa (RCS), foi possível observar que os fatores apresentaram estatisticamente (p >0,05) semelhantes ao CP. No segundo experimento foram utilizados 432 pintos com 14 dias de idade, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos com 8 repetições por tratamento e 6 aves por unidade experimental. Foram determinados os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e aparente corrigida para balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn). Em geral, a dieta CN2 como Blend B apresentou o maior valor de EMA e EMAn, porém, [...].
Subject(s)
Animals , Dietary Sugars/adverse effects , Cellulase/adverse effects , Chickens/growth & development , Chickens/metabolismABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of commercial and non-commercial cellulase and pectinase on rice husk and Tifton 85 hay hydrolyses. The hydrolysis kinetics of the substrates with commercial cellulase and pectinase were evaluated and the hydrolysis at different temperature and agitation conditions was maximized using experimental design. The combined use of commercial and non-commercial enzymes under optimized conditions was evaluated. The pre-treatment of the residues was also investigated by milling and different concentrations of NaOH. Finally, the effect of the hydrolysis on the bromatological composition of the residues was evaluated. The best hydrolysis times of rice husk and Tifton 85 hay were 10 and 12h for commercial cellulase, 12 and 14h for noncommercial cellulase, 10 and 14h for commercial pectinase and 16 and 20h for non-commercial pectinase, respectively. The highest hydrolysis values were obtained using commercial cellulase with 1:50 (w:v enzyme:water) dilution rate, at 45ºC and 300 rpm agitation for both substrates, reaching 20.6% maximum percentage for Tifton 85 hay and 11.6% for rice husk. The combined use of commercial enzymes did not increase hydrolysis percentage. The pre-treatment using 7.5% NaOH and 0.5 mm grain size significantly increased the rice husk and Tifton 85 hay hydrolyses (60-80%), either using commercial cellulase or pectinase enzymes. The use of non-commercial enzymes provided 18-30% hydrolysis obtained from commercial ones. Bromatological analyzes indicated a reduction in neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content for rice husk and Tifton 85 hay when using pectinases and commercial cellulases.
Subject(s)
Cellulase/analysis , Cellulase/adverse effects , Cynodon/enzymology , Polygalacturonase/analysis , Polygalacturonase/adverse effects , HydrolysisABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of commercial and non-commercial cellulase and pectinase on rice husk and Tifton 85 hay hydrolyses. The hydrolysis kinetics of the substrates with commercial cellulase and pectinase were evaluated and the hydrolysis at different temperature and agitation conditions was maximized using experimental design. The combined use of commercial and non-commercial enzymes under optimized conditions was evaluated. The pre-treatment of the residues was also investigated by milling and different concentrations of NaOH. Finally, the effect of the hydrolysis on the bromatological composition of the residues was evaluated. The best hydrolysis times of rice husk and Tifton 85 hay were 10 and 12h for commercial cellulase, 12 and 14h for noncommercial cellulase, 10 and 14h for commercial pectinase and 16 and 20h for non-commercial pectinase, respectively. The highest hydrolysis values were obtained using commercial cellulase with 1:50 (w:v enzyme:water) dilution rate, at 45ºC and 300 rpm agitation for both substrates, reaching 20.6% maximum percentage for Tifton 85 hay and 11.6% for rice husk. The combined use of commercial enzymes did not increase hydrolysis percentage. The pre-treatment using 7.5% NaOH and 0.5 mm grain size significantly increased the rice husk and Tifton 85 hay hydrolyses (60-80%), either using commercial cellulase or pectinase enzymes. The use of non-commercial enzymes provided 18-30% hydrolysis obtained from commercial ones. Bromatological analyzes indicated a reduction in neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content for rice husk and Tifton 85 hay when using pectinases and commercial cellulases.(AU)
Subject(s)
Polygalacturonase/adverse effects , Polygalacturonase/analysis , Cellulase/adverse effects , Cellulase/analysis , Cynodon/enzymology , HydrolysisABSTRACT
Se presenta un paciente de 25 años, trabajador de un laboratorio farmacéutico que presenta un cuadro de asma bronquial y rinoconjuntivitis alérgicas, de 7 meses de evolución, en el que se investigó la relación con drogas de exposición laboral, por búsqueda de IgE específicas, pruebas cutáneas y de provocación nasal y bronquial. Se comprobó sensibilidad a grupos complejos de proteínas con actividad enzimática, denominadas celulasa y pancreatina, por IgE específicas y pruebas cutáneas. Las pruebas de provocación nasal y bronquial sólo fueron positivas para celulasa
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Asthma/etiology , Conjunctivitis/etiology , Rhinitis/etiology , Cellulase/adverse effects , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Pancreatin/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Se presenta un paciente de 25 años, trabajador de un laboratorio farmacéutico que presenta un cuadro de asma bronquial y rinoconjuntivitis alérgicas, de 7 meses de evolución, en el que se investigó la relación con drogas de exposición laboral, por búsqueda de IgE específicas, pruebas cutáneas y de provocación nasal y bronquial. Se comprobó sensibilidad a grupos complejos de proteínas con actividad enzimática, denominadas celulasa y pancreatina, por IgE específicas y pruebas cutáneas. Las pruebas de provocación nasal y bronquial sólo fueron positivas para celulasa