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1.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 34(2): 123-128, abr.-jun. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-949621

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La degeneración combinada subaguda, es una patología de tipo neuropsiquiatrica asociada al déficit de vitamina B12. Se manifiesta clínicamente por ataxia sensorial, neuropatía periférica, disfunción cognitiva y neuropatía óptica; estas manifestaciones generalmente son atribuidas a la síntesis anormal de mielina. Puede tener una presentación clínica inespecífica, pero la medición de los niveles de vitamina B12, algunos metabolitos séricos, y el uso de métodos de neuroimagen, ayudan a confirmar el diagnóstico ante su sospecha. A continuación se describe el caso de un paciente con un cuadro de degeneración combinada subaguda, quien consultó por síntomas neurológicos e hipertensión severa, quien luego del tratamiento presentó mejoría de su sintomatologia neurológica y vascular.


SUMMARY Sub-acute combined degeneration is a neuropsychiatrical pathology associated with vitamin B12 deficiency It is clinically manifested through sensorial ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, cognitive dysfunction and optical neuropathy; these manifestations are generally attributed to the abnormal synthesis of myelin. It can have a nonspecific clinical presentation but the measurement of the levels of vitamin B12, some serum metabolites, and the use of neuroimaging methods help to confirm the diagnose when suspected. The case of a patient with sub-acute combined degeneration is described below. The patient was attended because of neurological symptoms and severe hypertension, and after the treatment, the patient's neurological and vascular symptomatology improved.


Subject(s)
Cobamides , Homocysteine , Methylmalonic Acid , Myelitis
2.
Acad Emerg Med ; 24(9): 1088-1098, 2017 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28472554

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a potentially deadly gas that naturally occurs in petroleum and natural gas. The Occupational Health and Safety Administration cites H2 S as a leading cause of workplace gas inhalation deaths. Mass casualties of H2 S toxicity may be caused by exposure from industrial accidents or release from oil field sites. H2 S is also an attractive terrorism tool because of its high toxicity and ease with which it can be produced. Several potential antidotes have been proposed for hydrogen sulfide poisoning but none have been completely successful. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to compare treatment response assessed by the time to spontaneous ventilation among groups of swine with acute H2 S-induced apnea treated with intravenous (IV) cobinamide (4 mg/kg in 0.8 mL of 225 mmol/L solution), IV hydroxocobalamin (4 mg/kg in 5 mL of saline), or saline alone. METHODS: Twenty-four swine (45-55 kg) were anesthetized, intubated, and instrumented with continuous femoral and pulmonary artery pressure monitoring. After stabilization, anesthesia was adjusted such that animals would spontaneously ventilate with an FiO2 of 0.21. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS; concentration of 8 mg/mL) was begun at 1 mg/kg/min until apnea was confirmed for 20 seconds by capnography. This infusion rate was sustained for 1.5 minutes postapnea and then decreased to a maintenance rate for the remainder of the study to replicate sustained clinical exposure. Animals were randomly assigned to receive cobinamide (4 mg/kg), hydroxocobalamin (4 mg/kg), or saline and monitored for 60 minutes beginning 1 minute postapnea. G* power analysis using the Z-test determined that equal group sizes of eight animals were needed to achieve a power of 80% in detecting a 50% difference in return to spontaneous ventilations at α = 0.05. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline variables. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the mg/kg dose of NaHS (5.6 mg/kg; p = 0.45) required to produce apnea. Whereas all of the cobinamide-treated animals survived (8/8), none of the control (0/8) or hydroxocobalamin (0/8)-treated animals survived. Mean (±SD) time to spontaneous ventilation in the cobinamide-treated animals was 3.2 (±1.1) minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Cobinamide successfully rescued the severely NaHS-poisoned swine from apnea in the absence of assisted ventilation.


Subject(s)
Antidotes/therapeutic use , Apnea/drug therapy , Cobamides/therapeutic use , Hydrogen Sulfide/poisoning , Hydroxocobalamin/therapeutic use , Administration, Intravenous , Animals , Apnea/chemically induced , Cobamides/administration & dosage , Cobamides/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Hydroxocobalamin/pharmacology , Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage , Sulfides/administration & dosage , Sus scrofa , Swine
3.
BMC Microbiol ; 16(1): 240, 2016 Oct 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27737643

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that most vitamins are present in a variety of foods, malnutrition, unbalanced diets or insufficient intake of foods are still the cause of vitamin deficiencies in humans in some countries. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is a complex compound that is only naturally produced by bacteria and archea. It has been reported that certain strains belonging to lactic acid bacteria group are capable of synthesized water-soluble vitamins such as those included in the B-group, as vitamin B12. In this context, the goal of the present paper was to evaluate and characterize the production of vitamin B12 in Lactobacillus coryniformis CRL 1001, a heterofermentative strain isolated from silage. RESULTS: Cell extract of L. coryniformis CRL 1001, isolated from silage, is able to correct the coenzyme B12 requirement of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium AR 2680 in minimal medium. The chemical characterization of the corrinoid-like molecule isolated from CRL 1001 cell extract using HPLC and mass spectrometry is reported. The majority of the corrinoid produced by this strain has adenine like Coα-ligand instead 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole. Genomic studies revealed the presence of the complete machinery of the anaerobic biosynthesis pathway of coenzyme B12. The detected genes encode all proteins for the corrin ring biosynthesis and for the binding of upper (ß) and lower (α) ligands in one continuous stretch of the chromosome. CONCLUSIONS: The results here described show for the first time that L. coryniformis subsp. coryniformis CRL 1001 is able to produce pseudocobalamin containing adenine instead of 5,6-dimethlbenzimidazole in the Coα-ligand. Genomic analysis allowed the identification and characterization of the complete de novo biosynthetic pathway of the corrinoid produced by the CRL 1001 strain.


Subject(s)
Lactobacillus/genetics , Lactobacillus/metabolism , Multigene Family , Vitamin B 12/biosynthesis , Vitamin B 12/genetics , Adenine/metabolism , Anaerobiosis , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Base Sequence , Benzimidazoles/metabolism , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Cobamides/genetics , Cobamides/metabolism , Genes, Bacterial , Lactobacillus/isolation & purification , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Open Reading Frames , Salmonella enterica/genetics , Salmonella enterica/metabolism , Salmonella typhimurium/genetics , Sequence Analysis, Protein , Silage/microbiology , Vitamin B 12/chemistry , Vitamin B 12/isolation & purification
4.
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B ; 13(6): 423-37, 2012 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22661206

ABSTRACT

Vitamin B(12) is an organometallic compound with important metabolic derivatives that act as cofactors of certain enzymes, which have been grouped into three subfamilies depending on their cofactors. Among them, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM) has been extensively studied. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible isomerization of L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA using adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) as a cofactor participating in the generation of radicals that allow isomerization of the substrate. The crystal structure of MCM determined in Propionibacterium freudenreichii var. shermanii has helped to elucidate the role of this cofactor AdoCbl in the reaction to specify the mechanism by which radicals are generated from the coenzyme and to clarify the interactions between the enzyme, coenzyme, and substrate. The existence of human methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) due to the presence of mutations in MCM shows the importance of its role in metabolism. The recent crystallization of the human MCM has shown that despite being similar to the bacterial protein, there are significant differences in the structural organization of the two proteins. Recent studies have identified the involvement of an accessory protein called MMAA, which interacts with MCM to prevent MCM's inactivation or acts as a chaperone to promote regeneration of inactivated enzyme. The interdisciplinary studies using this protein as a model in different organisms have helped to elucidate the mechanism of action of this isomerase, the impact of mutations at a functional level and their repercussion in the development and progression of MMA in humans. It is still necessary to study the mechanisms involved in more detail using new methods.


Subject(s)
Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase/metabolism , Vitamin B 12/metabolism , Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics , Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/metabolism , Animals , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Cobamides/metabolism , Humans , Mammals , Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase/chemistry , Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase/genetics , Mutant Proteins/genetics , Mutant Proteins/metabolism , Mutation , Propionibacterium/enzymology , Propionibacterium/genetics
5.
J Pediatr ; 154(4): 551-6, 2009 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19058814

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To describe 3 patients with the cblD disorder, a rare inborn error of cobalamin metabolism caused by mutations in the MMADHC gene that can result in isolated homocystinuria, isolated methylmalonic aciduria, or combined homocystinuria and methylmalonic aciduria. STUDY DESIGN: Patient clinical records were reviewed. Biochemical and somatic cell genetic studies were performed on cultured fibroblasts. Sequence analysis of the MMADHC gene was performed on patient DNA. RESULTS: Patient 1 presented with isolated methylmalonic aciduria, patient 3 with isolated homocystinuria, and patient 2 with combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria. Studies of cultured fibroblasts confirmed decreased synthesis of adenosylcobalamin in patient 1, decreased synthesis of methylcobalamin in patient 3, and decreased synthesis of both cobalamin derivatives in patient 2. The diagnosis of cblD was established in each patient by complementation analysis. Mutations in the MMADHC gene were identified in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results emphasize the heterogeneous clinical, cellular and molecular phenotype of the cblD disorder. The results of molecular analysis of the MMADHC gene are consistent with the hypothesis that mutations affecting the N terminus of the MMADHC protein are associated with methylmalonic aciduria, and mutations affecting the C terminus are associated with homocystinuria.


Subject(s)
Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis , Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics , Cobamides/deficiency , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/diagnosis , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/genetics , Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/physiopathology , Cells, Cultured , Family Health , Female , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Homocystinuria/genetics , Homocystinuria/physiopathology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Male , Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics , Methylmalonic Acid/metabolism , Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins , Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics , Phenotype , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/physiopathology
6.
Invest. clín ; Invest. clín;46(1): 53-63, mar. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-413971

ABSTRACT

Los adultos mayores constituyen un grupo de población vulnerable a cuadros de deficiencias de nutrientes específicos como la vitamina B12 y el ácido fólico, íntimamente ligados al deterioro de las funciones mentales, en especial, del área cognitiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar indicadores del estado de vitamina B12 y ácido fólico y asociarlos a la evaluación de la función mental de 53 adultos mayores de 60 años de edad, residenciados en un hogar geriátrico. Se evaluó consumo dietario por pesada directa individual, niveles de vitamina B12 y folato sérico por radioinmunoanálisis y función mental por la prueba del mini mental de Foltein. Se encontró un consumo promedio adecuado para vitamina B12 y deficiente para ácido fólico, mientras que los niveles séricos estuvieron dentro del rango normal de referencia. El 26,4 por ciento de los ancianos estaba en situación de déficit o riesgo de deficiencia de vitamina B12, y el 43,4 de ácido fólico. Cuarenta y nueve por ciento de los adultos mayores presentó una evaluación mental deficiente y los niveles de vitamina B12 fueron más bajos en este grupo con una diferencia estadística significativa. Se observó una asociación significativa entre edad y función mental, siendo menor el riesgo en los adultos menores de 80 años; así como una correlación positiva significativa entre vitamina B12 sérica y función mental. Se concluye que los ancianos estudiados se encontraban en situación de riesgo de deficiencia de estas vitaminas y que hubo asociación con edad y función mental que debe ser explorada con la evaluación simultánea de otros nutrientes intervinientes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Folic Acid/administration & dosage , Cobamides , Nutritional Sciences , Venezuela
8.
Folha méd ; 95(4): 285-7, out. 1987. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-47144

ABSTRACT

Para comparar el efecto terapéutico de la asociación dibencozide + tiocolchicósido y del tiocolchicósido 4mg en pacientes con lumbalgia aguda se estudiaron dos grupos de pacientes. El primer grupo estuvo conformado por 40 pacientes y recibió dibencozide + tiocolchicósido. El segundo estuvo constituido por 30 pacientes que recibieron tiocolchicósido. La terapia consistió en 1 ampolla diaria por via I.M. durante 10 dias. Se evaluó la presencia y intensidad del dolor, contractura muscular y limitación funcional antes, durante y al final del tratamiento. Entre los hallazgos hay que remarcar que dibencozide + tiocolchicósido fue significativamente superior al tiocolchicósido en desaparecer el dolor y la contractura muscular al final del tratamiento y superior, aunque no con significado estadístico en disminuir la severidad del dolor, la contractura muscular y la limitación funcional articular. La tolerancia general fue excelente en el grupo tratado con dibencozide + tiocolchicósido y buena en el grupo tratado con tiocolchicósido. La tolerancia local fue buena en ambos grupos. Se concluye que la asociación dibencozide + tiocolchicósido es de gran utilidad en el tratamiento de la lumbalgia aguda, por ser muy efectiva en desaparecer el dolor y la contractura muscular y ser excelentemente bien tolerado


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cobamides/therapeutic use , Colchicine/therapeutic use , Low Back Pain/drug therapy , Clinical Trials as Topic
9.
Arq. bras. med ; 61(5): 361-3, set.-out. 1987. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-45142

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio comparativo para evaluar los efectos terapéuticos de dibencozide + tiocolchicósido y B1-B6-B12, ambos por vía I.M., en el tratamiento de lumbalgia aguda y/o crónica reagudizada. Los pacientes fueron comparables en edad y en severidad del cuadro que motiva la consulta; el grupo que recibió B1-B6-B12 estuvo conformado por un mayor número de pacientes de sexo masculino, mientras que el otro grupo estuvo conformado por un mayor número de pacientes de sexo femenino. Se evaluaron los parámetros dolor, limitación funcional y contractura muscular articular, inclusive su intensidad, encontrándose que hubo mejoría muy superior en el grupo que recibió dibencozide + tiocolchicósido respecto al grupo que recibió B1-B6-B12, que mostró una mejoría muy pobre. La tolerancia general y local fue muy buena en ambos grupos. Se concluye que el uso de dibencozide + tiocolchicósido es de gran utilidad en el tratamiento del síndrome lumbalgia aguda, con una excelente tolerancia; de acuerdo a los presentes resultados, su efecto terapéutico es superior al de B1-B6-B12 en el tratamiento de lumbalgia aguda


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cobamides/therapeutic use , Low Back Pain/drug therapy , Pyridoxine/therapeutic use , Thiamine/therapeutic use , Vitamin B 12/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination
10.
Arq. bras. med ; 61(5): 365-7, set.-out. 1987. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-45143

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio clínico comparativo para evaluar los efectos terapéuticos de dibencozide + tiocolchicósido y dibencozide sólo en el tratamiento de lumbalgia aguda y/o crónica reagudizada. Los pacientes fueron comparables en edad y en severidad del cuadro que motiva la consulta. Se evaluaron los parámetros dolor, limitación funcional y contractura muscular articular, inclusive su intensidad, encontrándose que hubo mejoría muy superior en el grupo que recibió dibencozide + tiocolchicósido respecto al grupo que recibió dibencozide. La tolerancia general y local fue excelente en el grupo que recibió dibencozide + tiocolchicósido y muy buena en el grupo que recibió dibencozide. Se concluye que el uso de la asociación de dibencozide + tiocolchicósido es de gran utilidad en el tratamiento del síndrome lumbalgia aguda, con una excelente tolerancia; de acuerdo a los presentes resultados, su efecto terapéutico es superior al de dibencozide en el tratamiento de lumbalgia aguda


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cobamides/administration & dosage , Low Back Pain/drug therapy
11.
J. bras. ginecol ; 96(9): 485-7, set. 1986. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-37137

ABSTRACT

Entre 1985-1986, 23 portadoras de galactorréia näo tumoral foram tratadas com 15 mg diários de adenosilcobalamina (coenzima da vitamina B12), na Clínica Ginecológica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Säo Paulo. A substância ativa foi administrada por via oral, por três meses, e os resultados basearam-se em aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais. Assim, observou-se desaparecimento da galactorréia em 10 (43,5%) casos e diminuiçäo da sua intensidade em 13 (56,5%). Os ciclos mentruais tornaram-se eumenorréicos em 18 (78,3%) casos e os níveis médios de prolactina sangüínea diminuíram de 30,0 ng/ml para 20,1 ng/ml. Näo foram observados efeitos colaterais. Concluem-se que a coenzima da vitamina B12 é tratamento alternativo da galactorréia näo tumoral


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Middle Aged , Humans , Female , Adult , Cobamides/therapeutic use , Galactorrhea/drug therapy
13.
Invest. med. int ; 8(3): 272-8, 1981.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-4062

ABSTRACT

En un ensayo clinico abierto sobre 25 pacientes con sindrome doloroso acompanado de contractura y la tolerancia clinica de la asociacion de cobamamida (20,000 mcg) y tiocolchicosido (4 mg), administrada por via intramuscular. En diagnosticos tales como lumbociaticas, lumbalgias, cervicobraquialgias, cervicodorsalgias y periartritis escapulohumeral, el dolor y la contractura muscular se redujeron en forma notable, estadisticamente muy significativa (p<0.001). El efecto terapeutico fue rapido: dentro de los tres primeros dias de tratamiento, la accion antalgica se manifesto en forma clara em 72% de los pacientes y la accion decontracturante en 80% de los mismos. La tolerancia clinica fue perfecta en 88% de los casos, siendo los efectos indeseables pasajeros y de escasa importancia. En conjunto, se observaron resultados excelentes y buenos en 80% de los pacientes.Las indicaciones mas beneficiadas por la terapeutica fueron lumbociaticas, cervicobraquialgias y lumbalgias. En esta ultima indicacion, todos los pacientes obtuvieron resultados excelentes y buenos


Subject(s)
Cobamides , Colchicine , Contracture , Pain , Drug Combinations
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