ABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO: A resistência bacteriana é problema frequente e importante no ambiente nosocomial. Nesse contexto, várias bactérias apresentam habilidade de desenvolver mecanismos de resistência enzimáticos, destacando-se as Enterobacteriaceae. Nesta família de microrganismos, a produção de Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) é um mecanismo emergente, o que justifica sua vigilância constante. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Este trabalho pesquisou o fenótipo de KPC em 30 isolados clínicos de enterobactérias resistentes a cefalosporinas de terceira geração e sensibilidade diminuída a carbapenem oriundas de dois hospitais (em Porto Alegre e na Grande Porto Alegre, RS). Realizou-se discodifusão com imipenem, meropenem e ertapenem, e 14 cepas com halo < 22 mm para o último antimicrobiano foram submetidas ao teste de Hodge modificado. RESULTADOS: Nenhuma amostra apresentou carbapenemase (Hodge negativo). DISCUSSÃO: Apesar de não ter sido detectada carbapenemase, a resistência aos carbapenens possivelmente pode ser atribuída à presença de betalactamases cromossômicas (AmpC) e/ ou de amplo espectro (ESBL) associada à alteração de permeabilidade nos canais de porina. CONCLUSÃO: Considerando o caráter emergente da KPC, torna-se importante seu rastreamento em isolados de enterobactérias com sensibilidade diminuída ao ertapenem.
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Bacterial resistance is a frequent and important problem in the nosocomial environment. In this context, several bacteria have the ability to develop mechanisms of enzymatic resistance, mainly Enterobacteriaceae. In this family of microorganisms, the production of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) is an emerging mechanism, which should be under constant observation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study investigated the phenotype of KPC in 30 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third generation cephalosporin and carbapenem from two hospitals (Porto Alegre city and Porto Alegre, RS). It was performed disk diffusion method with imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem. Additionally, 14 strains with halo < 22 mm for the last antimicrobial agent underwent modified Hodge test. RESULTS: No sample showed carbapenemase (Hodge negative). DISCUSSION: Despite the fact there was no carbapenemase, resistance to carbapenems is possibly attributed to the presence of beta-lactamases AmpC and/or ESBL associated with changes in the permeability of porin channels. CONCLUSION: Given the emerging nature of KPC, it is important to trace it in Enterobacteriaceae isolates with decreased susceptibility to ertapenem.
Subject(s)
beta-Lactamases , Enterobacteriaceae/enzymology , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Cross Infection/enzymology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzymology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Drug Resistance, MicrobialABSTRACT
The prevalence of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) production among Pseudomonas aeruginosa nosocomial isolates from a Brazilian teaching hospital was determined. A total of 512 P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from 245 patients during a 10-month period. Ninety-four (38.4%, 95% CI 32.2-44.8%) isolates were MBL producers. Most resistance to beta-lactams was mediated by MBL. Forty-one (16.7%) were resistant to all drugs except polymyxin B and 33 (80.5%) of these were MBL producers. Clonal dissemination, documented by DNA macrorestriction, played a major role for the spread of MBL isolates. The blaSPM-1 gene was demonstrated by PCR in 14 randomly selected MBL isolates. The extremely high prevalence of MBL production found challenges the choice of therapeutics for P. aeruginosa, and measures to control horizontal dissemination of MBL producers are urgently required.