[Drug therapy of opioid withdrawal]. / Tratamiento del Síndrome de Retiro de Opiáceos.

Although the opiate dependence is of low frequency in our midst, it is important to know its management because it requires medical treatment in most cases. At present, in our country, we may classify the different patient populations able to submit an opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients undergoing chronic treatment with opioids, patients in intensive care units, neonatal mother addicted patients and addicts from the general population or linked to the health system. Detoxification programs are typically characterized by a low rate of completion of treatment and a high rate of relapse. The opioid withdrawal syndrome is objectively and subjectively severe and moderate and the goals of the therapy for the Opiates Withdrawal Syndrome are: to prevent or reduce the objective and subjective symptoms of abstinence; to prevent or treat its most serious complications; to treat preexisting or concurrent psychiatric disorders; to reduce the frequency or severity of relapses and to rehabilitate in the long term.

Tratamiento del Síndrome de Retiro de Opiáceos: síndrome de retiro descrito como subjetivamente severo y objetivamente moderado / Drug therapy of opioid withdrawal

Si bien la dependencia a opiáceos es de baja frecuencia de aparición en nuestro medio, es importante conocer su manejo ya que requiere tratamiento farmacológico en la mayoría de los casos. En la actualidad, en nuestro país, se podría clasificar a las distintas poblaciones de pacientes capaces de presentar un síndrome de retiro a opiáceos en: pacientes sometidos a tratamiento crónico con opiáceos, pacientes internados en unidades de cuidados intensivos, neonato de madre adicta y pacientes adictos provenientes de la población en general o ligada al sistema de salud. Los programas de desintoxicación son caracterizados típicamente por un bajo índice de finalización del tratamiento y un alto índice de recaída. El síndrome de retiro a opiáceos es subjetivamente severo y objetivamente moderado y las metas de la terapia en el Síndrome de Retiro de Opiáceos son: evitar o reducir los síntomas objetivos y subjetivos de abstinencia; prevenir o tratar las complicaciones más serias; tratar las enfermedades psiquiátricas preexistentes o concurrentes; reducir la frecuencia o la severidad de las recaídas y rehabilitar a largo plazo.

Although the opiate dependence is of low frequency in our midst, it is important to know its management because it requires medical treatment in most cases. At present, in our country, we may classify the different patient populations able to submit an opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients undergoing chronic treatment with opioids, patients in intensive care units; neonatal mother addicted patients and addicts from the general population or linked to the health system. Detoxification programs are typically characterized by a low rate of completion of treatment and a high rate of relapse. The opioid withdrawal syndrome is objectively and subjectively severe and moderate and the goals of the therapy for the Opiates Withdrawal Syndrome are: to prevent or reduce the objective and subjective symptoms of abstinence; to prevent or treat its most serious complications; to treat preexisting or concurrent psychiatric disorders; to reduce the frequency or severity of relapses and to rehabilitate in the long term.

Comparación del uso de ketoprofeno y dextroproxifeno/dipirona para el control del dolor posoperatorio / Comparison of use ketoprofen and dextropropoxifen/dipirone for postoperative pain controlling

Se valoró y comparó la eficacia analgésica del ketoprofeno, antiinflamatorio no esteroideo (AINE), frente a la asociación de un opiáceo débil, el dextropropoxifeno, y un analgésico tipo AINE, la dipirona, administrados en el posoperatorio de pacientes en los que se practicó cirugía abdominal. Se administró una dosis carga de ketoprofeno de 100 mg, seguida de una infusión de 12,5 mg/hora, durante 24 horas o dextropropoxifeno/dipirona, dosis carga de 38 mg-1 g seguida de una infusión continua de 4,75 mg-125 mg/hora también durante 24 horas. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas cuando se compararon la eficacia analgésica valorada por la escala verbal análoga (EVA) y necesidad de analgésicos así como los efectos secundarios de ambos planes de administración. Se concluye que tanto uno como otro fármaco en los protocolos de administración utilizados son métodos analgésicos de similar eficacia para el control del dolor leve a moderado y sin efectos adversos en la población estudiada. (AU)

Estudio comparativo del efecto analgésico antiinflamatorio de ibuprofén, dipirona y dextropropoxifeno en cirugía bucodentomaxilar / Comparative study of the antiinflamatory analgesic effect of ibuprofen, dipyrone and dextropropoxyphene in buco-dento-maxilar surgery

Se estudiaron los efectos de ibuprofén, dipirona y dextropropoxifeno en 83 pacientes candidatos a cirugia bucodentomaxilar. Ibuprofén obtuvo mejor actividad antiinflamatoria. Ibuprofén y dipirona tuvieron el mejor efecto analgésico. dextropropoxifeno produjo efectos secundarios en sistema nervioso central con mayor frecuencia. Ibuprofén es eficaz contra el dolor e inflamación en extracción y cirugía bucodentomaxilar, con buena tolerancia

[Myopathy caused by propoxyphene: report of 2 cases with muscle histochemistry]. / Miopatia por propoxifeno: relato de 2 casos com histoquímica de músculos.

The cases of a 43 years old-man with gout and a 24 years-old woman with severe back pain who developed dextro-propoxyphene addiction during pain treatment are reported. They had severe edema and fibrosis of skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscle involving the upper and lower limbs. ESR was elevated, CPK and LDH were normal. EMG in proximal muscles showed decreased duration and voltage of potentials, excess of short polyphasics and increased recruitment (BSAP), with positive waves and fibrillations; distal muscles had fasciculations, fibrillations, positive waves, normal voluntary potentials, decreased recruitment. Lymphography indicate delayed progression of contrast media and obstruction in the thighs. Muscle biopsy on fresh-frozen section and histochemistry showed extensive connective tissue proliferation with intense acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in the perimysial and endomysial area, infiltration of lymphocytes near and around small vessels and capillaries. There were perifascicular and type II fiber atrophy. After discharge the patients returned to propoxyphene addiction and the symptoms who subsided during drug withdrawal come back again. New admission, new drug withdrawal and they were discharged free of symptoms and pathologic changes.