O meio ambiente e a saúde | Coisa de Homem

E aí, parça, firmeza? Neste episódio do Coisa de Homem, você vai conhecer como a saúde ambiental também tem tudo a ver com o SUS. Vamos te explicar, por exemplo, como funciona o PAVS - Programa de Ambientes Verdes e Saudáveis. Já tinha ouvido falar dele? Não? Então dá o play para saber sobre ele e muito mais!

Is the coupling and coordination of economic, social and environmental development crucial to the governance of relative poverty?

As the primary goal of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), poverty eradication is still one of the major challenges faced by countries around the world, and relative poverty is a comprehensive poverty pattern triggered by the superposition of economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Therefore, Therefore, this paper introduces the perspective of coupled coordination to consider the formation of relative poverty, constructs indicators in three major dimensions: economic, social, and environmental, proposes a fast and more accurate method of identifying relative poverty in a region by using machine learning, measures the degree of coupled coordination of China's relatively poor provinces using a coupled coordination model and analyzes the relationship with the level of relative poverty, and puts forward suggestions for poverty management on this basis using typology classification. The results of the study show that: 1) the fusion of data crawlers, remote sensing space, and other multi-source data to construct the dataset and propose a fast and efficient regional relative poverty identification method based on big data with low comprehensive cost and high identification accuracy of 0.914. 2) Currently, 70.83% of the economic-social-environmental systems of the relatively poor regions are in the dysfunctional type and are in a state of disordered development and malignant constraints. The regions showing coupling disorders are mainly clustered in the three southern prefectures of Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Yunnan, and Sichuan, and their spatial distribution is relatively concentrated. 3) The types of poverty and their coupled and coordinated development in each region show large spatial variability, requiring differentiated poverty eradication countermeasures tailored to local conditions to achieve sustainable regional economic-social-environmental development.

Systemic sclerosis and environment: an intriguing and still debated association.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterised by a heterogeneous clinical expression probably reflecting the different genetic background of each patient. Progress has been made in the definition of the principal pathogenetic events of the disease that can be summarised in endothelial damage and dysfunction, inflammation with activation of immune system and fibrosis. The aetiology of the disease still remains to be clarified and probably the first events are attributable to the repeated action of environmental stimuli in genetically predisposed subjects.The aim of the present manuscript is to review the most recent and relevant data regarding the association of SSc with environmental factors.

Active shape control by plants in dynamic environments.

Plants are a paradigm for active shape control in response to stimuli. For instance, it is well known that a tilted plant will eventually straighten vertically, demonstrating the influence of both an external stimulus, gravity, and an internal stimulus, proprioception. These effects can be modulated when a potted plant is additionally rotated along the plant's axis, as in a rotating clinostat, leading to intricate shapes. We use a previously derived rod model to study the response of a growing plant and the joint effects of both stimuli at all rotation speeds. In the absence of rotation, we identify a universal planar shape towards which all shoots eventually converge. With rotation, we demonstrate the existence of a stable family of three-dimensional dynamic equilibria where the plant axis is fixed in space. Further, the effect of axial growth is to induce steady behaviors, such as solitary waves. Overall, this study offers insight into the complex out-of-equilibrium dynamics of a plant in three dimensions and further establishes that internal stimuli in active materials are key for robust shape control.

Population dynamics in a time-varying environment with fat-tailed correlations.

Temporal environmental noise (EN) is a prevalent natural phenomenon that controls population and community dynamics, shaping the destiny of biological species and genetic types. Conventional theoretical models often depict EN as a Markovian process with an exponential distribution of correlation times, resulting in two distinct qualitative dynamical categories: quenched (long environmental timescales) and annealed (short environmental timescales). However, numerous empirical studies demonstrate a fat-tailed decay of correlation times. Here we study the consequences of power-law correlated EN on the dynamics of isolated and competing populations. We analyze the intermediate region that lies between the quenched and annealed regimes and show that it can widen indefinitely. Within this region, dynamics is primarily driven by rare, yet not exceedingly rare, long periods of almost-steady environmental conditions. For an isolated population, the time to extinction in this region exhibits a power-law scaling with the logarithm of the abundance and also a nonmonotonic dependence on the spectral exponent.

Evolutionary game selection creates cooperative environments.

The emergence of collective cooperation in competitive environments is a well-known phenomenon in biology, economics, and social systems. While most evolutionary game models focus on the evolution of strategies for a fixed game, how strategic decisions coevolve with the environment has so far mostly been overlooked. Here, we consider a game selection model where not only the strategies but also the game can change over time following evolutionary principles. Our results show that coevolutionary dynamics of games and strategies can induce novel collective phenomena, fostering the emergence of cooperative environments. When the model is taken on structured populations the architecture of the interaction network can significantly amplify pro-social behavior, with a critical role played by network heterogeneity and the presence of clustered groups of similar players, distinctive features observed in real-world populations. By unveiling the link between the evolution of strategies and games for different structured populations, our model sheds new light on the origin of social dilemmas ubiquitously observed in real-world social systems.

Socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with dengue fever incidence in Guatemala: Rising temperatures increase dengue risk.

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne illness that infects 390 million people annually. Dengue outbreaks in Guatemala have been occurring more often and at increased rates since the first dengue outbreak in Guatemala in the 1970s. This study will examine environmental and socioeconomic factors associated with dengue in Guatemala at the municipality (county) level. Socioeconomic factors included population density, Mayan population, economic activity, and attending school. Environmental factors included average minimum annual temperature and annual precipitation. The relationship between environmental and socioeconomic variables and dengue fever incidence was initially evaluated through univariate zero-inflated negative binomial models, and then again through three zero-inflated multivariate negative binomial regression models. For all three models, elevation was considered a predictor of zero-inflation. In the combined model, there was a positive relationship between minimum temperature, economic activity and dengue fever incidence, and a negative relationship between population density, Mayan population and dengue fever. Predicted rates of dengue fever incidence and adjusted confidence intervals were calculated after increasing minimum yearly temperature by 1°C and 2°C. The three municipalities with the highest minimum yearly temperature (El Estor, Iztapa, and Panzós) and the municipality of Guatemala, all had an increase in the magnitude of the risk of dengue fever incidence following 1°C and 2°C increase in temperature. This research suggests that these socioeconomic and environmental factors are associated with risk of dengue in Guatemala. The predicted rates of dengue fever also highlight the potential effect that climate change in the form of increasing temperature can have on dengue in Guatemala.

Factor analytic selection tools and environmental feature-integration enable holistic decision-making in Eucalyptus breeding.

Understanding the genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) and considering it in the selection process is a sine qua non condition for the expansion of Brazilian eucalyptus silviculture. This study's objective is to select high-performance and stable eucalyptus clones based on a novel selection index that considers the Factor Analytic Selection Tools (FAST) and the clone's reliability. The investigation explores the nuances interplay of GEI and extends its insights by scrutinizing the relationship between latent factors and real environmental features. The analysis, conducted across seven trials in five Brazilian states involving 78 clones, employs FAST. The clonal selection was performed using an extended FAST index weighted by the clone's reliability. Further insights about GEI emerge from the integration of factor loadings with 25 environmental features through a principal component analysis. Ten clones, distinguished by high performance, stability, and reliability, have been selected across the target population of environments. The environmental features most closely associated with factor loadings, encompassing air temperature, radiation, and soil characteristics, emerge as pivotal drivers of GEI within this dataset. This study contributes insights to eucalyptus breeders, equipping them to enhance decision-making by harnessing a holistic understanding-from the genotypes under evaluation to the diverse environments anticipated in commercial plantations.

Assessing genetic and environmental components for pterygium: a nationwide study in Taiwan.

This study aims to estimate the familial risks of pterygium and assess its relative contributions to environmental and genetic factors using the 2000-2017 Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The marginal Cox's model and the polygenic liability model were made. In Taiwan, the prevalence rate of pterygium in 2017 was 1.64% for individuals with affected first-degree relatives, higher than the general population (1.34%). The adjusted relative risk (RR) for pterygium was highest for twins of the same sex (15.54), followed by siblings of the same sex (4.69), offsprings (3.39), siblings of the different sex (2.88), spouse (2.12), parents (1.86), twins of the different sex (1.57), respectively. The phenotypic variance of pterygium was 21.6% from additive genetic variance, 24.3% from common environmental factors shared by family members, and 54.1% from non-shared environmental factors, respectively. Sensitivity analysis by restricting those with surgical pterygium reveals that aRRs and the three components were similar to those of the overall pterygium. In summary, the prevalence rate of pterygium was higher for individuals with affected first-degree relatives than for the general population. The non-shared environmental factors account for half of the phenotypic variance of pterygium; genetic and shared environmental factors explain the rest.

Increasing environmental variability inhibits evolutionary rescue in a long-lived vertebrate.

Evolutionary rescue, whereby adaptive evolutionary change rescues populations from extinction, is theorized to enable imperiled animal populations to persist under increasing anthropogenic change. Despite a large body of evidence in theoretical and laboratory settings, the potential for evolutionary rescue to be a viable adaptation process for free-ranging animals remains unknown. Here, we leverage a 38-year dataset following the fates of 53,959 Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) to investigate whether a free-ranging vertebrate species can morphologically adapt to long-term environmental change sufficiently to promote population persistence. Despite strong selective pressures, we found that penguins did not adapt morphologically to long-term environmental changes, leading to projected population extirpation. Fluctuating selection benefited larger penguins in some environmental contexts, and smaller penguins in others, ultimately mitigating their ability to adapt under increasing environmental variability. Under future climate projections, we found that the species cannot be rescued by adaptation, suggesting similar constraints for other long-lived species. Such results reveal how fluctuating selection driven by environmental variability can inhibit adaptation under long-term environmental change. Our eco-evolutionary approach helps explain the lack of adaptation and evolutionary rescue in response to environmental change observed in many animal species.

Cardiac arrhythmias in fish induced by natural and anthropogenic changes in environmental conditions.

A regular heartbeat is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of the vertebrate body. However, environmental pollutants, oxygen deficiency and extreme temperatures can impair heart function in fish. In this Review, we provide an integrative view of the molecular origins of cardiac arrhythmias and their functional consequences, from the level of ion channels to cardiac electrical activity in living fish. First, we describe the current knowledge of the cardiac excitation-contraction coupling of fish, as the electrical activity of the heart and intracellular Ca2+ regulation act as a platform for cardiac arrhythmias. Then, we compile findings on cardiac arrhythmias in fish. Although fish can experience several types of cardiac arrhythmia under stressful conditions, the most typical arrhythmia in fish - both under heat stress and in the presence of toxic substances - is atrioventricular block, which is the inability of the action potential to progress from the atrium to the ventricle. Early and delayed afterdepolarizations are less common in fish hearts than in the hearts of endotherms, perhaps owing to the excitation-contraction coupling properties of the fish heart. In fish hearts, Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum plays a smaller role than Ca2+ influx through the sarcolemma. Environmental changes and ion channel toxins can induce arrhythmias in fish and weaken their tolerance to environmental stresses. Although different from endotherm hearts in many respects, fish hearts can serve as a translational model for studying human cardiac arrhythmias, especially for human neonates.

Enhancing supply chain relationships in the circular economy: Strategies for a green centralized supply chain with deteriorating products.

This article introduces a green centralized supply chain in a two-stage stochastic programming model using deteriorating products. The model reduces the cost of purchasing, transporting, storing, product recovery and shortages. This cuts down on greenhouse emission related to transportation, product recovery, and recycling programs. On the basis of this, we explore the utilization of the circular economy to the damages that could occur from used products. Furthermore, revenue sharing and quantity discount contracts are examined in the business models between the members of the supply chain and the external manufacturer. Demand is assumed to be uncertain, and scenarios are created to account this. The model specifies the optimal order quantities, transportation modes and contract terms that minimize costs and environmental impacts. Numerical examples analyze the trade-offs between economic and environmental objectives under different supply chain parameters. The results provide insights for circular supply chains that reconcile economic incentives with environmental responsibility for deteriorating product.

A framework for simulating genotype-by-environment interaction using multiplicative models.

KEY MESSAGE: The simulation of genotype-by-environment interaction using multiplicative models provides a general and scalable framework to generate realistic multi-environment datasets and model plant breeding programmes. Plant breeding has been historically shaped by genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI). Despite its importance, however, many current simulations do not adequately capture the complexity of GEI inherent to plant breeding. The framework developed in this paper simulates GEI with desirable structure using multiplicative models. The framework can be used to simulate a hypothetical target population of environments (TPE), from which many different multi-environment trial (MET) datasets can be sampled. Measures of variance explained and expected accuracy are developed to tune the simulation of non-crossover and crossover GEI and quantify the MET-TPE alignment. The framework has been implemented within the R package FieldSimR, and is demonstrated here using two working examples supported by R code. The first example embeds the framework into a linear mixed model to generate MET datasets with low, moderate and high GEI, which are used to compare several popular statistical models applied to plant breeding. The prediction accuracy generally increases as the level of GEI decreases or the number of environments sampled in the MET increases. The second example integrates the framework into a breeding programme simulation to compare genomic and phenotypic selection strategies over time. Genomic selection outperforms phenotypic selection by ∼ 50-70% in the TPE, depending on the level of GEI. These examples demonstrate how the new framework can be used to generate realistic MET datasets and model plant breeding programmes that better reflect the complexity of real-world settings, making it a valuable tool for optimising a wide range of breeding methodologies.

Innovation Efficiency, Productive Performance and Undesirable Outputs across European Regions: Are there any missing links?

We introduce an analytical methodological framework that links knowledge generation efficiency with economic efficiency and the corresponding environmental impact for 199 European Regions during 2000-2018, using a benchmarking approach and especially a chain network DEA technique. A clear trade-off between knowledge generation efficiency and productive performance emerges. European regions which exhibit high innovation efficiency enjoy higher overall performance compared to their counterparts. In a second stage, we investigate the convergence patterns of the examined regions with respect to all the three facets of the estimated efficiency where the coexistence of multi-type convergence clubs is revealed.

Spatial distribution of residential environment, genetic susceptibility, and psoriasis: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Genetic and environmental factors contribute to psoriasis, but the impact of residential environments on this condition remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the association of residential environments with psoriasis risk and explore its interaction with genes. Methods: We retrieved data on the spatial distribution of residential environments at 300 and 1000 m buffer zones from the UK Biobank, including the proportions of natural environments, domestic gardens, green spaces, and blue spaces within these zones. We then used Cox hazard models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between residential environments and psoriasis risk. Lastly, we constructed polygenic risk scores to determine genetic susceptibility and further analyse the interaction with residential environments. Results: Overall, 3755 incident cases of psoriasis were documented during a median follow-up of 12.45 years. Compared with the lowest exposure quantile (Q1), Q4 exposure to natural environments (1000 m buffer: HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.05-1.29; 300 m buffer: HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.02-1.24) and green spaces (1000 m buffer: HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.04-1.28; 300m buffer: HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.00-1.21) increased the risk of psoriasis, while Q4 exposure to domestic gardens (1000 m buffer: HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.77-0.93; 300m buffer: HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.83-1.00) and Q3 exposure to blue spaces (1000 m buffer: HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.81-0.98) were negatively associated with psoriasis risk. Among participants with a high genetic risk, those exposed to high levels of natural environments (1000 m buffer: HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.15-1.93; 300 m buffer: HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.10-1.77) and green spaces (300 m buffer: HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.04-1.64) had a higher risk of psoriasis, while those exposed to blue spaces (1000 m buffer: HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63-0.98) had a lower risk of psoriasis. We also observed joint effects of genetic risk and residential environments and an antagonistic additive interaction between blue spaces and genetic risk (P = 0.011). Conclusions: We observed that residing in natural environments and green areas increased the risk of psoriasis in our sample, while proximity to blue spaces and domestic gardens was associated to reduced risks. The association of residential environments with psoriasis risk was modified by genetic susceptibility.

Dynamic mechanisms that couple the brain and breathing to the external environment.

Brain and breathing activities are closely related. However, the exact neurophysiological mechanisms that couple the brain and breathing to stimuli in the external environment are not yet agreed upon. Our data support that synchronization and dynamic attunement are two key mechanisms that couple local brain activity and breathing to external periodic stimuli. First, we review the existing literature, which provides strong evidence for the synchronization of brain and breathing in terms of coherence, cross-frequency coupling and phase-based entrainment. Second, using EEG and breathing data, we show that both the lungs and localized brain activity at the Cz channel attune the temporal structure of their power spectra to the periodic structure of external auditory inputs. We highlight the role of dynamic attunement in playing a key role in coordinating the tripartite temporal alignment of localized brain activity, breathing and input dynamics across longer timescales like minutes. Overall, this perspective sheds light on potential mechanisms of brain-breathing coupling and its alignment to stimuli in the external environment.

Circadian and environmental signal integration in a natural population of Arabidopsis.

Plants sense and respond to environmental cues during 24 h fluctuations in their environment. This requires the integration of internal cues such as circadian timing with environmental cues such as light and temperature to elicit cellular responses through signal transduction. However, the integration and transduction of circadian and environmental signals by plants growing in natural environments remains poorly understood. To gain insights into 24 h dynamics of environmental signaling in nature, we performed a field study of signal transduction from the nucleus to chloroplasts in a natural population of Arabidopsis halleri. Using several modeling approaches to interpret the data, we identified that the circadian clock and temperature are key regulators of this pathway under natural conditions. We identified potential time-delay steps between pathway components, and diel fluctuations in the response of the pathway to temperature cues that are reminiscent of the process of circadian gating. We found that our modeling framework can be extended to other signaling pathways that undergo diel oscillations and respond to environmental cues. This approach of combining studies of gene expression in the field with modeling allowed us to identify the dynamic integration and transduction of environmental cues, in plant cells, under naturally fluctuating diel cycles.

Enhanced cellular longevity arising from environmental fluctuations.

Cellular longevity is regulated by both genetic and environmental factors. However, the interactions of these factors in the context of aging remain largely unclear. Here, we formulate a mathematical model for dynamic glucose modulation of a core gene circuit in yeast aging, which not only guided the design of pro-longevity interventions but also revealed the theoretical principles underlying these interventions. We introduce the dynamical systems theory to capture two general means for promoting longevity-the creation of a stable fixed point in the "healthy" state of the cell and the "dynamic stabilization" of the system around this healthy state through environmental oscillations. Guided by the model, we investigate how both of these can be experimentally realized by dynamically modulating environmental glucose levels. The results establish a paradigm for theoretically analyzing the trajectories and perturbations of aging that can be generalized to aging processes in diverse cell types and organisms.

Systems thinking for local food environments: a participatory approach identifying leverage points and actions for healthy and sustainable transformations.

BACKGROUND: Current local food environments encourage poor diets, posing a significant threat to public and planetary health. Acknowledging and addressing its inherent complexity is vital to making meaningful improvements to the food environment. Using a participatory approach with local stakeholders, this study aims to gain insight into the factors and mechanisms underlying the local food environment and to identify leverage points and system-based actions to foster healthy and sustainable local food environments. METHODS: A systems-thinking approach was used in a Dutch municipality in 2022. Two group model building (GMB) workshops were held with community stakeholders (e.g. local policymakers, retailers and residents). During the first workshop (June 2022), factors and mechanisms influencing the local food environment were identified and visualized through a causal loop diagram (CLD). During the second workshop, leverage points and system-based actions to improve food environments were identified by the stakeholders. Four months after (October 2022), an action-implementation meeting was organized to stimulate the implementation of selected actions. Progress was monitored through brief telephone interviews 6 and 12 months after the second workshop. RESULTS: The CLD visualises the factors and mechanisms influencing the local food environment from the point of view of the community stakeholders. The CLD consists of 46 factors shaping the local food environment, which were categorized into four identified subsystems: societal factors, individual, socio-economic factors, commercial factors and political factors. Eight leverage points were identified within the CLD, for example, 'lobby from food industry', 'governmental food policies' and 'e-commerce and platform economy'. Stakeholders formulated 20 actions targeting the identified leverage points. During the action-implementation meeting, long-term plans were created for five actions. After 1 year, only one participant (policy advisory role) remained actively engaged in three of these actions. CONCLUSIONS: This study yields insight into the numerous factors and mechanisms underlying the local food environment and identified system-based actions as perceived by local stakeholders to improve this food environment locally. The CLD offers stakeholders valuable insights on employing a systems approach when enhancing food environments. More research is necessary, especially into the long-term processes and effects of implementing system-oriented actions to improve local food environments.

Exploring the impact of the environment on physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (EPCOT)-A comparative analysis between suggested and free walking: Protocol study.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibit reduced levels of physical activity, which are associated with poorer outcomes. The number of clinical trials aiming to promote behavioral changes to increase physical activity in this population has grown; therefore, these trials have yet to produce satisfactory results. An ecological model encompassing individual, social, environmental, and political factors represent a potentially more effective approach to promoting physical activity. While favorable urban environments can positively impact physical activity, specifically tailored environmental interventions for individuals with COPD could enhance their engagement in physical activity. Therefore, the aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) study was to analyze the effects of walking in a suggested environment and free walking on physical activity levels in individuals with COPD. METHODS: The environment on physical activity for chronic obstructive disease (EPCOT) is a randomized controlled clinical trial protocol approved by our institution's Ethics Committee and registered with The Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br, number RBR-4tfwdhp). This protocol will involve 38 volunteers diagnosed with COPD recruited from the pulmonary physiotherapy and rehabilitation service. The volunteers were randomly divided into two walking groups: an experimental group (ERG) with guidance for walking in a suggested environment and an active control group (ACG) instructed to choose their own routes. The intervention consisted of eight consecutive weeks, with progressive walks carried out 3 to 5 times weekly. The primary outcome will be assessing participants' physical activity levels. Secondary outcomes will include exercise capacity, quality of life, dyspnea levels, motivation, anxiety, depression, and perceptions of the environment. All assessments will occur before and after the intervention period, aiming to fill a literature gap by investigating the impact of urban environments on COPD-related physical activity. The results may shed light on the importance of environmental factors in promoting physical activity among individuals with COPD, helping to develop more effective interventions.