Desenvolvimento e validação da versão em português da friends and family interview / Developing and validation the portuguese version of the friends and family interview / Desarrollo y validación de la versión portuguesa de la friends and family interview

O objetivo deste estudo foi a adaptação e validação da entrevista Friends and Family Interview que avalia o estilo de apego e a função reflexiva de crianças e adolescentes. Para adaptação, foram avaliadas a equivalência semântica, idiomática, experiencial e conceitual entre a versão traduzida e o instrumento original. A versão final da entrevista foi aplicada a uma amostra clínica de jovens entre 9 e 17 anos (M=13,12; DP=2,72) do sul do Brasil. Constatou-se que a versão em português apresentou uma consistência interna alta (α=0,79), assim como uma boa concordância entre avaliadores (α=0,89). A análise fatorial exploratória revelou dois componentes principais que melhor explicaram os dados, denominados Segurança nos Relacionamentos e Funcionamento Reflexivo (α=0,95) e Insegurança do Apego (α=0,72). Os resultados apoiaram a validade de construto e de critério da FFI e forneceram evidências de sua utilidade na avaliação do apego e da função reflexiva na infância e adolescência. (AU)

The study aimed to adapt and validate the Friends and Family Interview that assesses the attachment style and the reflective function in children and adolescents. The semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual equivalences between the original and the translated version were analyzed. Then the final version was applied in a clinic sample of young people ranging from 9 to 17 years of age (M=13.12 SD=2.72 years), of southern Brazil. The statistical tests showed a high internal consistency (α=.79), as well as a good inter-evaluators reliability (α=.89) in the Portuguese version of the FFI. Exploratory factor analysis yielded two main factors, Relationships Security and Reflective Functioning (α=.95) and Attachment Insecurity (α=.72). The data supported the construct and criterion validities of the Portuguese version of the interview protocol. The FFI is a useful tool for the evaluation of attachment and reflective function in children and adolescents. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue la adaptación y la validación de la entrevista Friends and Family Interview (FFI) que evalúa el estilo de apego y la función reflexiva de niños y adolescentes. Para la adaptación se evaluó la equivalencia semántica, idiomática, experiencial y conceptual entre la versión traducida y el instrumento original. La versión final de la entrevista se aplicó a una muestra clínica de jóvenes entre 9 y 17 años (M=13,12; DS=2,72) del sur de Brasil. Se encontró que la versión portuguesa tenía una alta consistencia interna (α=0,79), así como una buena concordancia entre evaluadores (α=0,89). El análisis factorial exploratorio reveló dos componentes principales, denominados Seguridad en las Relaciones y Funcionamiento Reflexivo (α=0,95) e Inseguridad del Apego (α=0,72). Los resultados apoyaron la validez de criterio y constructo de la FFI y proporcionaron evidencias de su utilidad para evaluar el apego y la función reflexiva en la niñez y en la adolescencia. (AU)

Clinical validity and intrarater and test-retest reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 - Clinician Version (SCID-5-CV).

AIM: The Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM is one of the most used diagnostic instruments in clinical research worldwide. The current Clinician Version of the instrument (SCID-5-CV) has not yet been assessed in respect to its psychometric qualities. We aimed to assess the clinical validity and different reliability indicators (interrater test-retest, joint interview, face-to-face vs telephone application) of the SCID-5-CV in a large sample of 180 non-prototypical and psychiatric patients based on interviews conducted by raters with different levels of clinical experience. METHODS: The SCID-5-CV was administered face-to-face and by telephone by 12 psychiatrists/psychologists who took turns as raters and observers. Clinical diagnoses were established according to DSM-5 criteria and the longitudinal, expert, all data (LEAD) procedure. We calculated the percentage of agreement, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and the level of agreement (kappa) for diagnostic categories and specific diagnoses. RESULTS: The percentage of positive agreement between the interview and clinical diagnoses ranged between 73% and 97% and the diagnostic sensitivity/specificity were >0.70. In the joint interview, the levels of positive agreement were high (>75%) and kappa levels were >0.70 for most diagnoses. The values were less expressive, but still adequate, for interrater test-retest interviews. CONCLUSION: The SCID-5-CV presented excellent reliability and high specificity as assessed with different methods. The clinical validity of the instrument was also confirmed, which supports its use in daily clinical practice. We highlight the adequacy of the instrument to be used via telephone and the need for careful use by professionals with little experience in psychiatric clinical practice.

SIGMA-VB: Validity and reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale using the Structured Interview Guide for the MADRS

Objective: The Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is widely used to assess depression severity. The Structured Interview Guide for the MADRS (SIGMA) was created to standardize MADRS assessment. The objective of this study was to translate and validate the original SIGMA into a Brazilian Portuguese version (SIGMA-VB). Methods: We translated and cross-culturally validated the original SIGMA into the SIGMA-VB, and assessed its psychometric properties using data from 93 adult outpatients enrolled in the Integral Assessment in Unipolar Depression (AIUNI) trial. Participants were assessed by two raters on five visits over 8 weeks. We calculated multiple interrater reliability indexes for the SIGMA-VB and used the Hamilton Depression Hating Scale (HAM-D) for validation purposes. Results: According to the SIGMA-VB, participants had moderate depression at baseline followed by mild depression at 8 weeks. We found over 90% of correlation between scores attributed by different raters using the SIGMA-VB. Correlations between the SIGMA-VB and the HAM-D were above 66%. Conclusion: Our findings confirm that the SIGMA-VB is a valid and reliable instrument to assess depression severity in clinical research and practice. Its interrater reliability was similar to that of a previously published Japanese version of the SIGMA.

Efficacy of a problem-solving intervention for the indicated prevention of suicidal risk in young Brazilians: Randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a problem-solving intervention for the prevention of suicidal risk in Brazilian adolescents with elevated suicidal potential and depressive symptoms. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 100 participants (mean age 17.2 years, 60% women, 46% mixed race), allocated to the problem-solving intervention (n = 50) or the usual care control group (n = 50). Blinded interviewers conducted assessments at pretreatment, posttreatment, 1, 3, and 6 months of follow-up. The main outcome was suicidal orientation; secondary outcomes were suicidal risk, suicidal plans and attempts, depressive symptoms, and problem-solving skills. RESULTS: At posttreatment and up to 6-month follow-up, there was lower suicidal orientation and suicidal risk in the problem-solving group compared to the control group. There were lower suicidal plans and attempts (0.0% participants vs 2.2% with a suicide plan and 2.2% with both suicide plan and attempt); risk difference was 0.04 (95% CI: 0.01-0.09) and the number needed to treat was 25 (95% CI: 11-70). Significant effects of the intervention on depressive symptoms were found at posttreatment and maintained for 6 months. The change in global and functional problem-solving skills mediated the reduction in suicide orientation. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, suicidal risk can be successfully prevented in adolescents.

SIGMA-VB: Validity and reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale using the Structured Interview Guide for the MADRS.

OBJECTIVE: The Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is widely used to assess depression severity. The Structured Interview Guide for the MADRS (SIGMA) was created to standardize MADRS assessment. The objective of this study was to translate and validate the original SIGMA into a Brazilian Portuguese version (SIGMA-VB). METHODS: We translated and cross-culturally validated the original SIGMA into the SIGMA-VB, and assessed its psychometric properties using data from 93 adult outpatients enrolled in the Integral Assessment in Unipolar Depression (AIUNI) trial. Participants were assessed by two raters on five visits over 8 weeks. We calculated multiple interrater reliability indexes for the SIGMA-VB and used the Hamilton Depression Hating Scale (HAM-D) for validation purposes. RESULTS: According to the SIGMA-VB, participants had moderate depression at baseline followed by mild depression at 8 weeks. We found over 90% of correlation between scores attributed by different raters using the SIGMA-VB. Correlations between the SIGMA-VB and the HAM-D were above 66%. CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm that the SIGMA-VB is a valid and reliable instrument to assess depression severity in clinical research and practice. Its interrater reliability was similar to that of a previously published Japanese version of the SIGMA.

Narrative evaluation strategies as metacognitive task in subjects with schizophrenia. / Estrategias de evaluación en la narración como tarea metacognitiva en personas con esquizofrenia.

PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the differences in the evaluative component of the narrative structure in subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia compared to subjects diagnosed with affective psychosis. METHODS: The present investigation was descriptive, not experimental and it included the analysis of the narration evaluative components of interviews of 25 individuals with psychiatric diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia and 25 of chronic affective psychosis, matched by age, gender and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: The relationship between diagnosis and type of evaluation showed statistically significant results with a chi square value of 39.880a (p <0.00). It was possible to observe that in the schizophrenia there is a greater inhibition in the elaboration of expressions that imply opinions and that narratives tended to identify facts regardless of how they affected subjects, suggesting a limitation of intersubjective function. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic variable confirms that in schizophrenia there is a functional deterioration in the process of elaborating narrative structures especially in the articulation of the evaluative component. In the case of the affective psychosis group, superficial dysfunctions were manifested, without compromising their performance in the evaluation of narratives.

OBJETIVO: Este estudio procura explorar las diferencias en el componente evaluativo de la estructura narrativa en personas con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, en comparación con personas con diagnóstico de psicosis afectiva. MÉTODO: El presente estudio es descriptivo, no experimental, y comprende el análisis de los componentes evaluativos de la narrativa, en entrevistas realizadas a 25 individuos con diagnostico psiquiátrico de esquizofrenia crónica y a 25 individuos diagnosticados de psicosis afectiva crónica, pareados por edad, género y características sociodemográficas. RESULTADOS: La relación entre diagnóstico y tipo de evaluación arrojó resultados estadísticamente significativos con un valor de chi cuadrado de 39,880a (p< 0.00). Fue posible observar que en la esquizofrenia existe una mayor inhibición en la elaboración de expresiones que impliquen opiniones, que los relatos tendieron a identificar los hechos independientemente de cómo les afectaron, sugiriendo una limitación de la función intersubjetiva. CONCLUSIÓN: La variable diagnóstico confirma que en la esquizofrenia existe un deterioro funcional en la elaboración de estructuras narrativas y en la articulación del componente evaluativo. En el caso de la psicosis afectiva se manifiestan disfunciones superficiales, sin comprometer su desempeño en la evaluación de las narraciones.

Validity and reliability of the kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia present and lifetime version DSM-5 (K-SADS-PL-5) Spanish version.

BACKGROUND: There are various language adaptations of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). In order to comply with the changes in DSM classification, the Spanish edition of the interview was in need of update and evaluation. METHODS: K-SADS-PL was adapted to correspond to DSM-5 categories. All clinicians received training, and a 90% agreement was reached. Patients and their parents or guardians were interviewed and videotaped, and the videos were exchanged between raters. Factor analysis was performed and inter-rater reliability was calculated only in the case of diagnoses in which there were more than five patients. RESULTS: A total of 74 subjects were included. The Factor Analysis yielded six factors (Depressive, Stress Hyperarousal, Disruptive Behavioral, Irritable Explosive, Obsessive Repetitive and Encopresis), representing 72% of the variance. Kappa values for inter-rater agreement were larger than 0.7 for over half of the disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The factor structure of diagnoses, made with the instrument was found to correspond to the DSM-5 disorder organization. The instrument showed good construct validity and inter-rater reliability, which makes it a useful tool for clinical research studies in children and adolescents.

Sports and health from the perspective of physical education professionals

The objective of the study was to understand the conceptions of sports and health of Physical Education professionals working in a sports department of a municipality located in Baixada Santista region (São Paulo, Brazil) in the context of the non-training of athletes. Method: For that, a qualitative descriptive research was carried out with nine Physical Education professional, of both genders and in any age group, distributed in two sport centers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted about sports and health. Data analysis occurred using non-a priori categories. Results: As a result, the conception of sports took place through three categories: sport as a movement; sport as a formation agent for citizenship; and sport as a competitive modality. In relation to health, three categories were also identified: health as well being; health as a quality of life; and health as body care. Conclusion: It is concluded that the diversity of conceptions found reflects the polysemy that involves sports and health, and, consequently, can result in a distinct pedagogical practice from these professionals, who, allocated in the same professional context, a sports department, can generate divergences.(AU)

Estrategias de evaluación en la narración como tarea metacognitiva en personas con esquizofrenia / Narrative evaluation strategies as metacognitive task in subjects with schizophrenia

RESUMEN Objetivo Este estudio procura explorar las diferencias en el componente evaluativo de la estructura narrativa en personas con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, en comparación con personas con diagnóstico de psicosis afectiva. Método El presente estudio es descriptivo, no experimental, y comprende el análisis de los componentes evaluativos de la narrativa, en entrevistas realizadas a 25 individuos con diagnostico psiquiátrico de esquizofrenia crónica y a 25 individuos diagnosticados de psicosis afectiva crónica, pareados por edad, género y características sociodemográficas. Resultados La relación entre diagnóstico y tipo de evaluación arrojó resultados estadísticamente significativos con un valor de chi cuadrado de 39,880a (p< 0.00). Fue posible observar que en la esquizofrenia existe una mayor inhibición en la elaboración de expresiones que impliquen opiniones, que los relatos tendieron a identificar los hechos independientemente de cómo les afectaron, sugiriendo una limitación de la función intersubjetiva. Conclusión La variable diagnóstico confirma que en la esquizofrenia existe un deterioro funcional en la elaboración de estructuras narrativas y en la articulación del componente evaluativo. En el caso de la psicosis afectiva se manifiestan disfunciones superficiales, sin comprometer su desempeño en la evaluación de las narraciones.

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aims to explore the differences in the evaluative component of the narrative structure in subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia compared to subjects diagnosed with affective psychosis. Methods The present investigation was descriptive, not experimental and it included the analysis of the narration evaluative components of interviews of 25 individuals with psychiatric diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia and 25 of chronic affective psychosis, matched by age, gender and sociodemographic characteristics. Results The relationship between diagnosis and type of evaluation showed statistically significant results with a chi square value of 39.880a (p <0.00). It was possible to observe that in the schizophrenia there is a greater inhibition in the elaboration of expressions that imply opinions and that narratives tended to identify facts regardless of how they affected subjects, suggesting a limitation of intersubjective function. Conclusion The diagnostic variable confirms that in schizophrenia there is a functional deterioration in the process of elaborating narrative structures especially in the articulation of the evaluative component. In the case of the affective psychosis group, superficial dysfunctions were manifested, without compromising their performance in the evaluation of narratives.

How Mental Health Interviews Conducted Alone, in the Presence of an Adult, a Child or Both Affects Adolescents' Reporting of Psychological Symptoms and Risky Behaviors.

The normative process of autonomy development in adolescence involves changes in adolescents' information management typically characterized by decreasing disclosure and increasing concealment. These changes may have an important impact on the early detection and timely treatment of mental health conditions and risky behavior. Therefore, the objective was to extend our understanding of how these developmental changes in adolescent disclosure might impact adolescent mental health interviews. Specifically, we estimated the effects of third party presence and type of third party presence (adult, child, or both) on adolescents' reports of psychiatric symptoms, substance use, suicidal behavior, and childhood adversity. In this representative sample of 3005 adolescents from Mexico City (52.1 % female), administered the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI-A), adult presence influenced reporting the most; in their presence, adolescents reported more ADHD, parental mental illness and economic adversity, but less panic disorder, PTSD, drug use and disorder, and suicidal behavior. The presence of children was associated with increased odds of reporting conduct disorder, opportunity for drug use, parental criminal behavior, neglect, and the death of a parent. While adolescent information management strategies are normative and even desirable as a means of gaining emotional autonomy, they may also interfere with timely detection and treatment or intervention for mental health conditions and risky behaviors. Research and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Percepções de enfermeiras sobre supervisão em enfermagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde / Nurses’ perceptions on nursing supervision in Primary Health Care

Compreender as percepções de enfermeiras sobre supervisão em enfermagem no processo de trabalho. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, com entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com 16 enfermeiras. Análise dos dados realizada por meio de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: dois núcleos de significados emergiram das falas das participantes: Atividades de enfermeiras nas Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde e Percepções de enfermeiras sobre o que é supervisão em enfermagem. Na primeira categoria, elencou-se como ações o preenchimento de formulários e relatórios, em detrimento da supervisão do serviço de enfermagem.Na segunda,a supervisão foi percebida como função de gerenciamento e acompanhamento das atividades planejadas pela equipe, contrapondo a concepção clássica de supervisão, a de fiscalizar. Conclusão: a supervisão em enfermagem configurou-se, para as enfermeiras da Atenção Primária à Saúde, como uma função de natureza administrativa que envolve planejamento, organização, coordenação, avaliação, acompanhamento e de apoio para a equipe de saúde.

Objective: to understand the perceptions of nurses on nursing supervision in the work process. Methods: this is a qualitative research, with a semi-structured interview, performed with 16 nurses. Data analysis was performed through content analysis. Results: two meanings topics emerged from the speeches of the participants: Nurses´ activities in Primary Health Care Units and Nurses´ perceptions about nursing supervision. In the first category, the actions listed were filling out forms and reports under the supervision of the nursing service. In the second category, supervision was perceived as a function of management and follow-up of the activities planned by the team, in opposition to the classical supervision concept, which is inspecting. Conclusion: nursing supervision has been configured for primary care nurses as an administrative function that involves planning, organization, coordination, evaluation, follow-up and support for the health team.

Percepção de gestantes sobre o autocuidado e o cuidado materno / Perception of pregnant women about self-care and maternal care

Compreender a percepção de autocuidado e de cuidado materno no discurso de gestantes, sob o olhar psicossocial. Métodos: estudo qualitativo com coleta de dados realizada por meio de entrevista semiestrutura com dez gestantes. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo, associada ao programa computacional AtlasTI. Resultados: identificaram-se duas categorias analíticas, autocuidado: cuidando do próprio corpo e cuidado materno. O pensamento pós-moderno influenciou nas ações de autocuidado das gestantes. Entretanto, o cuidado materno não foi diretamente influenciado e as gestantes demonstraram indicadores de preocupação materna primária, como sentimentos e atitudes que proporcionam acolhimento, proteção e conforto ao bebê.Conclusão: as ações de autocuidado praticadas pelas gestantes demonstraram preocupação com a aparência estética em detrimento de atitudes para preservar a saúde e a qualidade de vida.

Objective: to understand the perception of self-care and maternal care in the discourse of pregnant women under the psychosocial perspective. Methods: qualitative study with data collection performed through a semi structure interview with ten pregnant women. The technique of content analysis, associated with the computer program Atlas TI, was used. Results: two analytical categories were identified, self-care: taking care of one’s own body and maternal care. Postmodern thinking influenced the self-care actions of pregnant women. However, maternal care was not directly influenced and pregnant women showed indicators of primary maternal concern, such as feelings and attitudes that provide the baby with comfort, protection and comfort. Conclusion: the self-care actions performed by the pregnant women showed concern about the aesthetic appearance at the expense of attitudes to preserve health and quality of life.

Semantic validation of the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tools (ICAST) in Brazilian Portuguese.

OBJECTIVE: The International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tools (ICAST) is a battery of questionnaires created by the World Health Organization, the United Nations and ISPCAN for researching maltreatment in childhood. This study aims to translate, to adapt and to validate the semantic equivalence of all items on the three questionnaires: ICAST-C (ICAST version for Children), ICAST-R (Retrospective Interview) and ICAST-P (ICAST version for Parents). METHODS: The process of translation and semantic validation comprised five methodological steps: 1) translation; 2) back-translation; 3) correction and semantic adaptation; 4) validation of content by professional experts in the area of abuse in childhood; and 5) a study of their acceptability to a sample of the target population, using a verbal rating scale. RESULTS: In the evaluation of the expert committee, there was need to adapt several words for the Brazilian population while maintaining semantic and conceptual equivalence. In the ICAST-C acceptability study, children exhibited some difficulty understanding 7 of the items (out of 69 questions). For ICAST-P, parents reported a lack of clarity in 5 items (out of 57 questions). These issues were resolved and the Brazilian version of ICAST 3.0 was concluded. CONCLUSION: The ICAST battery is an internationally recognized tool and the process of translation into Portuguese and semantic adaptation was performed successfully. The final version proved to be easily understandable and semantic validation results were adequate. This battery has proved useful in investigation of childhood maltreatment.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure (MACE) scale to Brazilian Portuguese.

INTRODUCTION: There is strong evidence to indicate that childhood maltreatment can negatively affect both physical and mental health and there is increasing interest in understanding the occurrence and consequences of such experiences. While several tools have been developed to retrospectively investigate childhood maltreatment experiences, most of them do not investigate the experience of witnessing family violence during childhood or bullying exposure. Moreover, the majority of scales do not identify when these experiences may have occurred, who was involved or the feelings evoked, such as helplessness or terror. The Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure (MACE) scale was developed to overcome these limitations. OBJECTIVE: In view of the improvements over previous self-report instruments that this new tool offers and of the small number of self-report questionnaires for childhood maltreatment assessment available in Brazil, this study was conducted to conduct cross-cultural adaptation of the MACE scale for Brazilian Portuguese. METHOD: The following steps were performed: translation, back-translation, committee review for semantic and conceptual evaluation, and acceptability trial for equivalence. RESULTS: Semantic and structural changes were made to the interview to adapt it for the Brazilian culture and all 75 of the items that comprise the longer version of MACE were translated. The results of the acceptability trial suggest that the items are comprehensible. CONCLUSION: The MACE scales may be useful tools for investigation of childhood maltreatment and make a valuable contribution to research in Brazil. Future studies should consider testing the availability and reliability of the three versions of the instrument translated into Brazilian Portuguese.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure (MACE) scale to Brazilian Portuguese / Adaptação transcultural da escala Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure (MACE) para o português brasileiro

Introduction : There is strong evidence to indicate that childhood maltreatment can negatively affect both physical and mental health and there is increasing interest in understanding the occurrence and consequences of such experiences. While several tools have been developed to retrospectively investigate childhood maltreatment experiences, most of them do not investigate the experience of witnessing family violence during childhood or bullying exposure. Moreover, the majority of scales do not identify when these experiences may have occurred, who was involved or the feelings evoked, such as helplessness or terror. The Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure (MACE) scale was developed to overcome these limitations. Objective : In view of the improvements over previous self-report instruments that this new tool offers and of the small number of self-report questionnaires for childhood maltreatment assessment available in Brazil, this study was conducted to conduct cross-cultural adaptation of the MACE scale for Brazilian Portuguese. Method : The following steps were performed: translation, back-translation, committee review for semantic and conceptual evaluation, and acceptability trial for equivalence. Results : Semantic and structural changes were made to the interview to adapt it for the Brazilian culture and all 75 of the items that comprise the longer version of MACE were translated. The results of the acceptability trial suggest that the items are comprehensible. Conclusion : The MACE scales may be useful tools for investigation of childhood maltreatment and make a valuable contribution to research in Brazil. Future studies should consider testing the availability and reliability of the three versions of the instrument translated into Brazilian Portuguese.

Introdução : Há evidências robustas na literatura indicando que os maus-tratos na infância podem afetar negativamente a saúde física e mental. Além disso, há um crescente interesse em compreender a ocorrência e as consequências dessas experiências. Vários instrumentos vêm sendo desenvolvidos para investigar retrospectivamente experiências de maus-tratos na infância, mas a maioria deles não investiga a experiência de testemunhar violência familiar durante a infância ou a ocorrência de bullying . Além disso, a maioria não identifica quando as experiências ocorreram, quem estava envolvido ou os sentimentos que evocaram, como desespero ou terror. A escala Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure (MACE) foi desenvolvida para superar essas limitações. Objetivos : Considerando as vantagens dessa nova escala em relação aos instrumentos de autorrelato existentes e o reduzido número de questionários de autorrelato disponíveis no Brasil para avaliar maus-tratos na infância, este estudo teve como objetivo conduzir a adaptação transcultural da escala MACE para o português brasileiro. Método : Foram realizadas as etapas de tradução, retrotradução, análise de equivalência semântica e correspondência conceitual por um comitê avaliador e teste de aceitabilidade. Resultados : Adaptações semânticas e estruturais foram realizadas na entrevista para a realidade cultural brasileira, e todos os 75 itens incluídos na versão estendida da MACE foram traduzidos. Os resultados do teste de aceitabilidade sugerem que os itens foram adequadamente compreendidos. Conclusões : A escala MACE é uma ferramenta útil para a investigação de maus-tratos na infância, contribuindo para a pesquisa no Brasil. Futuros estudos devem considerar testar a validade e fidedignidade das três versões do instrumento traduzidas para o português do Brasil.

Un nuevo diseño para el análisis de la respuesta gráfica al Test de Persona Bajo la Lluvia, aplicado en psicología laboral: detección de los recursos frente al trauma / A new design for the analysis of the graphic response to the Person In the Rain Test, applied in labour psychology: detecting the resourses to face trauma

El propósito del presente trabajo consiste en presentar una nueva propuesta de interpretación de la respuesta gráfica al Test de Persona Bajo la Lluvia (PBLL). Ésta se basa en un diseño de investigación con procedimientos específicos para operacionalizar el concepto de recursos frente al trauma, representado por la situación estresante planteada por la consigna de la técnica proyectiva. Se apuntará a la revisión de conceptos teóricos con el análisis empírico de indicadores presentes en las técnicas gráficas correspondientes a casos de psicología laboral.

The purpose of the present paper is to advance a new proposal for the interpretation of graphic responses to the Draw a Person in the Rain Test (DAPR). This proposal is based on a research design with specific procedures that will enable us to operationalize the concept of resources to face trauma, which is represented by a stressful situation posed by the instructions of the projective technique. We will associate the review of theoretical concepts with the empirical analysis of indicators found in graphic techniques related to cases from the field of work psychology.

Does Sense of Control Predict Depression Among Individuals After Psychiatric Hospital Discharge?

Sense of control is known to be related to depression. Yet, few studies have examined the role of sense of control as related to depression for discharged psychiatric patients. In this study the longitudinal relationship between sense of control and depressive mood was examined using the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study, a 6-wave, 1-year study of 948 ethnically diverse postdischarge psychiatric patients. Sense of control was decomposed into 2 components (i.e., a time-invariant as well as a time-varying component) and so as to examine which component of sense of control would more accurately explain this relationship. Results demonstrated that time-varying sense of control significantly predicted changes in depressive mood during the transition to community environment. Time-invariant sense of control, however, was not significantly related to changes in depressive mood. Findings of this study hold important implications for intervention practice with people before or after psychiatric discharge, including the need for incorporation of therapeutic and psychoeducational efforts that bolster sense of control.

Religiosity aspects in patients with epilepsy.

The objectives of this study were to assess religiosity aspects in patients with epilepsy (PWEs) and controls and to determine whether such aspects were related to the samples' clinical, sociodemographic, and QOL-31 data. The Duke Religion Index was administered to 159 adult PWEs and 50 controls. The relationships between the Duke Religion Index and the study variables of the two groups were compared. Intrinsic religiosity (IR) and nonorganizational religiosity (NOR) were higher in PWEs than in controls. Logistic regression showed that being female (p=0.022) and having mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampus sclerosis (MTLE-HS) (p=0.003) were predictors of high organizational religiosity (OR) and that high NOR was associated with MTLE-HS (p=0.026) and controlled seizures. Further, only MTLE-HS (p=0.002) was predictive of high IR. The Duke Religion Index and QOLIE-31 scores were not related. Different forms of interictal religiosity are related to clinical aspects of epilepsy.

Guías de buenas prácticas para la atención psicológica y social al paciente con epilepsia / Good practice guidelines for the social and psychological care to the patient with epilepsy

En la actualidad cobra vital importancia la preparación y divulgación de guías o protocolos de intervenciones esenciales para la atención del paciente epiléptico en el primer nivel de atención, ya que con frecuencia estos pacientes son victimas de imprecisiones terapéuticas. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar guías de buenas prácticas para la atención psicológica y social de este paciente. Se realizó análisis de contenido de los reportes de investigaciones que sobre atención psicosocial al paciente con epilepsia se prepararon en Cuba entre 2004 y 2013. A partir de la evidencia valorada se elaboraron las guías de buenas prácticas para la atención psicológica y social del paciente con epilepsia y en ellas se precisó la estructura asistencial y los recursos materiales necesarios, se describieron los procederes de actuación en orden cronológico: entrevistas clínico-psicológico y técnicas de evaluación psicológicas idóneas. Además se precisaron las especificidades para la atención clínico-psicológico al paciente con inadaptación psicosocial a la epilepsia y para la atención clínico-psicológica del paciente con epilepsia y trastornos emocionales asociados. Las guías aportan herramientas de trabajo para evitar la inadaptación psicosocial, los trastornos emocionales y la incapacidad para el autocuidado en pacientes con epilepsia(AU)

The preparation and dissemination of essential intervention guidelines or protocols for the care of patient with epilepsy at the first health care level is gaining importance, since these patients are frequent victims of therapeutic inaccuracies. The objective of this paper was to present good practice guidelines for the psychological and social care of this patient. A content analysis of the reports from research on this topic was made, which were made in Cuba from 2004 to 2013. On the basis of the assessed evidence, good practice guidelines were prepared for the social and psychological care of the patient with epilepsy. They detailed the assistance structure and the necessary material resources for adequate psychological and social care of this patient as well as the procedures of performance in a chronological order: clinical and psychological interview and ideal psychological evaluation techniques. Additionally, the specificities for the clinical and psychological care of the patient with faulty psychosocial adaptation to epilepsy and for the patient with epilepsy and associated emotional disorders were also specified. The guidelines provide working tools to avoid faulty psychosocial adaptation, emotional disorders and inability to self-care in epileptic patients(AU)