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3.
J Arthroplasty ; 33(6): 1891-1895, 2018 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29525345

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Iodophor-impregnated adhesive incise drapes are widely used during surgeries for reducing surgical site contamination. There is little evidence to support the latter belief. This study evaluated the efficacy of iodophor-impregnated adhesive drapes for reducing bacterial contamination and counts at the incision site during hip surgery. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized clinical trial, we enrolled 101 patients undergoing open joint preservation procedure of the hip. Half the patients had the adhesive drape applied to the skin prior to incision, while the remainder underwent the same surgery without a drape. Culture swabs were taken from the surgical site at 5 points (preskin preparation, after skin preparation, postincision, before subcutaneous closure, prior to dressing application) and sent for culture and colony counts. Mixed-effects logistic regressions were used to estimate effects of time and drape application on contamination rate. RESULTS: At the conclusion of surgery, 12.0% of incisions with adhesive drapes and 27.4% without adhesive drapes were positive for bacterial colonization. When controlling for preoperative colonization and other factors, patients without adhesive drapes were significantly more likely to have bacteria present at the time of skin closure, and at all time points when swab cultures were taken. CONCLUSION: It appears that the iodophor-impregnated adhesive draping significantly reduces bacterial colonization of the incision. Bacterial count at the skin was extremely high in some patients in whom adhesive drapes were not used, raising the possibility that a subsequent surgical site infection or periprosthetic joint infection could arise had an implant been utilized.


Subject(s)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/adverse effects , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Iodophors/chemistry , Plastic Surgery Procedures/adverse effects , Skin/microbiology , Surgical Drapes , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Adult , Bacterial Infections/etiology , Bandages , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Surface-Active Agents/chemistry , Surgical Wound Infection/etiology , Young Adult
4.
Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim ; 18(1): 10-15, jan.-mar. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1493710

ABSTRACT

Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a eficácia dos desinfetantes cloreto de benzalcônio (QAC) e iodóforo (I) sobre 10 cepas APEC (Escherichia coli patogênica aviária), bem como verificar se a característica alta patogenicidade está associada a uma maior resistência a estes compostos. O método utilizado foi o de diluição através do teste qualitativo de suspensão. As variáveis estudadas foram: concentrações do QAC (300, 150, 75 e 50 ppm) e do I (100, 75, 50 e 25 ppm), tempos de contato (5, 10 e 20 minutos) e temperatura ±20°C. O QAC inativou todos os isolados nas concentrações de 300 e 150 ppm, em todos os tempos de contato, porém a 75 e 50 ppm no tempo de 5 minutos o desinfetante não foi eficaz para uma e quatro amostras, respectivamente. O I a 100 e 75 ppm inativou os isolados em todos os tempos avaliados, mas a 50 ppm um foi resistente e a 25 ppm oito foram resistentes em todos os tempos de exposição. A característica alta patogenicidade não pareceu promover resistência, quando comparado com a cepa padrão. Concluiu-se, nas condições do experimento, que os dois desinfetantes podem ser usados em procedimentos de higiene frente às cepas APEC, apenas levando-se em consideração a concentração de uso e o tempo de contato.


The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of the disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (QAC) and iodophor (I) on 10 strains APEC (Escherichia coli pathogenic avian) and verify that the high feature pathogenicity provides protection factor against these compounds. The method used was the dilution by the qualitative suspension test. The variables studied were: the concentrations of QAC (300, 150, 75 and 50 ppm) and I (100, 75, 50 and 25 ppm), contact times (5, 10 and 20 minutes) and room temperature (20°C). The QAC inactivated all strains at concentrations of 300 and 150 ppm at all contact times, but at 75 and 50 ppm in time of 5 minutes was not effective disinfectant for one and four APEC strains, respectively. The I 100 and 75 ppm inactivated isolates in all time periods, but 50 ppm one was tough and 25ppm eight were resistant in all exposure times. The highly pathogenic feature does not appear to promote resistance when compared with the standard strain. It was concluded, under the experimental conditions, the two disinfectants can be used in front of the hygiene procedures APEC strains, only taking into account the use concentration and contact time.


Subject(s)
Animals , Poultry/abnormalities , Poultry/virology , Disinfectants/administration & dosage , Disinfectants/analysis , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Benzalkonium Compounds/analysis , Iodophors/analysis
5.
R. bras. Saúde Prod. Anim. ; 18(1): 10-15, jan.-mar. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-15333

ABSTRACT

Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a eficácia dos desinfetantes cloreto de benzalcônio (QAC) e iodóforo (I) sobre 10 cepas APEC (Escherichia coli patogênica aviária), bem como verificar se a característica alta patogenicidade está associada a uma maior resistência a estes compostos. O método utilizado foi o de diluição através do teste qualitativo de suspensão. As variáveis estudadas foram: concentrações do QAC (300, 150, 75 e 50 ppm) e do I (100, 75, 50 e 25 ppm), tempos de contato (5, 10 e 20 minutos) e temperatura ±20°C. O QAC inativou todos os isolados nas concentrações de 300 e 150 ppm, em todos os tempos de contato, porém a 75 e 50 ppm no tempo de 5 minutos o desinfetante não foi eficaz para uma e quatro amostras, respectivamente. O I a 100 e 75 ppm inativou os isolados em todos os tempos avaliados, mas a 50 ppm um foi resistente e a 25 ppm oito foram resistentes em todos os tempos de exposição. A característica alta patogenicidade não pareceu promover resistência, quando comparado com a cepa padrão. Concluiu-se, nas condições do experimento, que os dois desinfetantes podem ser usados em procedimentos de higiene frente às cepas APEC, apenas levando-se em consideração a concentração de uso e o tempo de contato.(AU)


The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of the disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (QAC) and iodophor (I) on 10 strains APEC (Escherichia coli pathogenic avian) and verify that the high feature pathogenicity provides protection factor against these compounds. The method used was the dilution by the qualitative suspension test. The variables studied were: the concentrations of QAC (300, 150, 75 and 50 ppm) and I (100, 75, 50 and 25 ppm), contact times (5, 10 and 20 minutes) and room temperature (20°C). The QAC inactivated all strains at concentrations of 300 and 150 ppm at all contact times, but at 75 and 50 ppm in time of 5 minutes was not effective disinfectant for one and four APEC strains, respectively. The I 100 and 75 ppm inactivated isolates in all time periods, but 50 ppm one was tough and 25ppm eight were resistant in all exposure times. The highly pathogenic feature does not appear to promote resistance when compared with the standard strain. It was concluded, under the experimental conditions, the two disinfectants can be used in front of the hygiene procedures APEC strains, only taking into account the use concentration and contact time.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Poultry/abnormalities , Poultry/virology , Disinfectants/administration & dosage , Disinfectants/analysis , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Benzalkonium Compounds/analysis , Iodophors/analysis
6.
Acta Cir Bras ; 27(12): 874-9, 2012 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23207754

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the action of iodine cadexomer in the healing process of surgical wounds in rats and if cytotoxicity occurs with the systemic absorption of iodine. METHODS: Thirty six Wistar rats were used and performed 53 wounds with surgical punch of 6 mm diameter on them. Two lesions were made diametrically opposed on groups with distilled water (GAD) and sodium chloride (GCS); on the right lesions were used bandage with distilled water and on the left ones dressing with sodium chloride. In cadexomer iodine (GCI) group, a punch injury was made only on the left side and the dressing was carried out with cadexomer iodine. The groups were divided in two sub-groups according to the day of death (7 and 14). Microscopically was used H&E staining, through which the inflammation could be observed and also the neovascularization. Staining with Masson trichrome studied fibrosis. TSH and free T4 were used for absorption recognition of iodine, and its toxic potential was performed before death with the animal anesthetized. RESULTS: Microscopic analysis showed more marked intensity of inflammation in group GAD, subgroup 14 days. Neovascularization showed be discrete in GCS sub-group 14 days. Fibrosis was more pronounced in the group GCI. Comparing the types of treatment, there was statistical significance between groups GCI and GCS (p<0.013). The TSH and T4, showed no difference between the control group and GCI in relation to the absorption of iodine. In evaluating the GCI and control groups, within each treatment, statistical significance was found between them (p<0.001) when compared the days of observation. CONCLUSION: Cadexomer iodine had beneficial effects in all phases of the healing process without cytotoxicity due iodine absorption.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage , Iodophors/administration & dosage , Wound Healing/drug effects , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/toxicity , Fibrosis/pathology , Inflammation/pathology , Iodophors/toxicity , Male , Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors
7.
Acta cir. bras ; Acta cir. bras;27(12): 874-879, dez. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-657971

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess vthe action of iodine cadexomer in the healing process of surgical wounds in rats and if cytotoxicity occurs with the systemic absorption of iodine. METHODS: Thirty six Wistar rats were used and performed 53 wounds with surgical punch of 6 mm diameter on them. Two lesions were made diametrically opposed on groups with distilled water (GAD) and sodium chloride (GCS); on the right lesions were used bandage with distilled water and on the left ones dressing with sodium chloride. In cadexomer iodine (GCI) group, a punch injury was made only on the left side and the dressing was carried out with cadexomer iodine. The groups were divided in two sub-groups according to the day of death (7 and 14). Microscopically was used H&E staining, through which the inflammation could be observed and also the neovascularization. Staining with Masson trichrome studied fibrosis. TSH and free T4 were used for absorption recognition of iodine, and its toxic potential was performed before death with the animal anesthetized. RESULTS: Microscopic analysis showed more marked intensity of inflammation in group GAD, subgroup 14 days. Neovascularization showed be discrete in GCS sub-group 14 days. Fibrosis was more pronounced in the group GCI. Comparing the types of treatment, there was statistical significance between groups GCI and GCS (p<0.013). The TSH and T4, showed no difference between the control group and GCI in relation to the absorption of iodine. In evaluating the GCI and control groups, within each treatment, statistical significance was found between them (p<0.001) when compared the days of observation. CONCLUSION: Cadexomer iodine had beneficial effects in all phases of the healing process without cytotoxicity due iodine absorption.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a ação do cadexômero iodo na cicatrização de feridas cirúrgicas em ratos e se ocorre citotoxicidade com a absorção sistêmica do iodo. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se 36 ratos Wistar nos quais realizaram-se 53 feridas cirúrgicas com punch de 6 mm de diâmetro. Foram confeccionados duas lesões diametralmente opostas nos animais dos grupos água destilada (GAD) e cloreto de sódio (GCS). Na lesão do lado direito foi utilizado curativo com água destilada e, na do esquerdo, curativo com cloreto de sódio. No grupo cadexômero iodo (GCI), foi feita apenas uma lesão com o punch no lado esquerdo e o curativo foi realizado com cadexômero iodo. Os grupos foram divididos em dois subgrupos conforme o dia da morte (7 e 14). Microscopicamente foi utilizada a coloração H&E, através da qual foi observado o processo inflamatório e a neovascularização. Com a coloração tricômio de Masson foi estudada a fibrose. Para o reconhecimento da absorção do iodo e o seu potencial tóxico foi realizado, antes da morte com o animal anestesiado, dosagem do TSH e do T4 livre. RESULTADOS: Na análise microscópica a intensidade da inflamação apresentou-se mais acentuada no grupo GAD, subgrupo 14 dias. Na análise da neovascularização ela apresentou-se discreta no GCS subgrupo 14 dias. Na avaliação da fibrose foi mais acentuada no grupo GCI. Na comparação nos tipos de tratamento houve significância estatística entre os grupos GCI e GCS (p<0,013). A dosagem do TSH e T4, não apresentou diferença entre o grupo controle e GCI em relação à absorção do iodo. Na avaliação dos grupos GCI e controle, dentro de cada tratamento, houve significância estatística entre eles (p<0,001), quando comparados os dias. CONCLUSÃO: O cadexômero iodo apresentou efeito benéfico em todas as fases do processo cicatricial sem citotoxicidade pela absorção do iodo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage , Iodophors/administration & dosage , Wound Healing/drug effects , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/toxicity , Fibrosis/pathology , Inflammation/pathology , Iodophors/toxicity , Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors
9.
Rev. latinoam. enferm ; Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online);15(4): 671-676, jul.-ago. 2007.
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-463942

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to do a review of the literature regarding the use of topic iodine and/or compounds in the treatment of chronic wounds. The clinical trials were searched in the Cochrane database. Fourteen (58.3 percent) among 24 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The articles were analyzed regarding journal and study characteristics and classified into three groups: Iodine versus other topic agents (7/ 50 percent); Iodine versus different dressings (6/ 42.9 percent); Iodine versus without Iodine (1/ 7.1 percent). Favorable results for the use of Iodine or similar product occurred in 50 percent of the analyzed studies. Six out of 8 trials showed favorable results for healing and infection prevention/ treatment; 4 out of 5 were not favorable when the healing objective was investigated and 1 study for infection treatment showed no favorable result.


La investigación trata de una revisión de la literatura a cerca de la utilización del yodo tópico y/o compuestos en el tratamiento de las heridas crónicas. Se buscaran los ensayos clínicos en el Cochrane. Catorce (n=24) publicaciones estaban de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión, y fueran analizadas según las características de las revistas y ensayos y clasificadas como: yodo versus otros agentes tópicos (7/ 50 por ciento); yodo versus curativos (6/ 42,9 por ciento) y yodo versus sin yodo (1/ 7,1 por ciento). Fueran obtenidos resultados favorables a la utilización del yodo y/o compuestos en 50 por ciento de los artículos analizados. Cuanto a las tendencias de los resultados, 6 de 8 publicaciones, a cerca de la de cicatrización de las heridas y prevención de infección, fueran favorables; 4 de 5 fueran no favorables solamente para la cicatrización, y el resultado del único trabajo con indicación del uso para tratamiento de infección de herida fue no favorable.


Trata-se de revisão de literatura relacionada ao uso de iodóforos tópicos no tratamento de feridas crônicas. Os ensaios clínicos foram localizados por meio da Base de Dados Cochrane de Revisões Sistemáticas e Registro Cochrane Central de Ensayos Controlados. Quatorze (58,3 por cento), dentre 24 artigos, atenderam os critérios de inclusão, analisados quanto às características dos periódicos e dos estudos e classificados em três grupos: iodóforo versus outros agentes tópicos (7 ou 50 por cento); iodóforo versus coberturas (6 ou 42,9 por cento) e iodóforo versus sem iodóforo (1 ou 7,1 por cento). Resultados favoráveis à utilização dos iodóforos ocorreram em 50 por cento dos artigos analisados. Quanto às tendências dos resultados, seis, dentre oito artigos, que tratavam de cicatrização de feridas e prevenção de infecção, foram favoráveis; quatro, dentre cinco, foram desfavoráveis somente para a cicatrização e no único ensaio em que houve indicação do seu uso para tratamento de infecção de ferida o resultado foi desfavorável.


Subject(s)
Humans , Wound Healing , Iodophors/administration & dosage
10.
HU rev ; 31(1/2): 28-33, jan.-ago. 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-2242

ABSTRACT

A importância da lavagem das mãos e do uso de técnicas anti-sépticas em ambiente hospitalar para se prevenir infecções é conhecida há décadas. A flora microbiana da pele sadia tem uma população residente e uma transitória. A diminuição da microbiota da pele, através dos anti-sépticos e da lavagem/escovação das mãos, reduz o risco de infecção. Os anti-sépticos compostos de iodo, iodóforos e clorexidina têm eficácia semelhante. A correta execução das técnicas de anti-sepsia e o uso individualizado dos atuais anti-sépticos, com base no custo e ação, devem ser adaptados a cada setor de atendimento à saúde.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chlorhexidine , Antisepsis , Hand Disinfection , Microbiota , Iodine , Iodophors , Anti-Infective Agents, Local
11.
J Biomed Mater Res A ; 68(3): 473-8, 2004 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14762926

ABSTRACT

The most serious problem usually encountered in the field of implanted biomedical devices is infectious morbidity as a primary source of mortality. In this work, the synthesis and characterization of a macroporous iodine-based sanitizer (iodophor), poly(caprolactone)-iodine (PCL-I(2)), are presented. Characterization methods include nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and scanning electron microscopy. The in vitro cytotoxicity to CHO cells based on cell viability with Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) and antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were examined. The obtained macropore PCL-I(2) structures had a rather narrow size distribution. The PCL-I(2) iodophor was noncytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells. The antimicrobial activities of the PCL-I(2) were assessed against E. coli and S. aureus. The tested PCL-I(2) showed better antimicrobial activity against E. coli than against S. aureus.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Biocompatible Materials/chemical synthesis , Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology , Iodophors/pharmacology , Polyesters , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis , CHO Cells , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cricetinae , Disinfectants/chemical synthesis , Disinfectants/pharmacology , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Implants, Experimental , Iodine/chemistry , Iodophors/chemical synthesis , Materials Testing , Polyesters/chemical synthesis , Polyesters/pharmacology , Porosity , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
12.
Rev. bras. odontol ; 61(3/4): 195-198, 2004. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: lil-412348

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito imediato e residual da água e do sabão bactericida, do PVP-I degermante, do PVP-I tópico e da clorexidina na degermação das mãos de graduandos da Faesa-Vitória, em procedimentos críticos. A coleta microbiológica foi realizada antes da degermação, após a degermação e uma hora após o uso de luvas. Foi possível concluir que: houve diferença significante entre o grupo água e sabão e os demais; a lavagem das mãos com água e sabão não inibiu o crescimento de Staphylococcus sp imediatamente; o PVP-I degermante e o PVP-I tópico e a clorexidina impediram o crescimento de qualquer micro-organismo no ato de seu uso e 1 hora depois


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Anti-Infective Agents, Local , Chlorhexidine/standards , Disinfectants/standards , Iodophors/standards , Hand Disinfection/standards , Povidone-Iodine/standards , Students, Dental
13.
Pesqui Odontol Bras ; 16(2): 107-14, 2002.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12131982

ABSTRACT

Surface disinfection is a procedure carried out on the external parts of the dental equipment as well as on other items of the dental office. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of 4 surface disinfectants utilized in dentistry: 77 degrees GL alcohol, phenolic compound (Duplofen), iodophor (PVP-I) and 77 degrees GL alcohol with 5% of chlorhexidine. Four surfaces of the equipment were analyzed in the study (the carter, the washbasin for hand-washing, the headrest of the chair and the external surface of the reflector), and the spray-wipe-spray procedure was carried out. From each surface, samples were collected by means of surface plates containing Mitis Salivarius bacitracin sucrose agar, Sabouraud Dextrose agar with chloramphenicol, MacConkey agar and blood agar, for counting mutans streptococci, Candida yeasts, gram-negative bacteria and total microorganisms, respectively (ufc/plate). The results were statistically analyzed by means of the Student's t test in order to compare the mean ufc/plate values. The most effective disinfectant was 77 degrees GL alcohol with 5% of chlorhexidine, mainly against gram-positive bacteria. Iodophor and phenolic compound were also effective in microbial reduction. 77 degrees GL alcohol was the least effective product - however, although it is not considered as a surface disinfectant, it produced, in this study, statistically significant microbial reduction after the disinfecting procedure.


Subject(s)
Dental Disinfectants , Dental Equipment/microbiology , Disinfection/methods , Candida , Chlorhexidine , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Ethanol , Iodophors , Staphylococcus , Streptococcus
14.
An. paul. med. cir ; 126(2): 46-52, abr.-jun. 1999. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-261052

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam estudo sobre técnicas de anti-sepsia das mãos e antebraços no preparo pré-operatório da equipe cirúrgica. O objetivo do estudo foi o de verificar qual a importância da escovação (anti-sepsia mecânica) neste preparo. Para tal, estruturaram duas técnicas: anti-sepsia mecânica e química (técnica A), onde foi realizado escovação das mãos e antebraços com sabão comum a aplicação de solução anti-séptica, e somente anti-sepsia química (técnica B). Os resultados foram expressos na forma de contagem de colônias bacterianas provenientes das impressões digitais das mãos dos voluntários do estudo em placas de cultura. A solução anti-séptica utilizada foi iodo orgânico (Povidine). Os resultados mostraram não haver diferença estatisticamente significante entre as duas técnicas quanto a sua eficácia na redução da contagem de colônias bacterianas e permitem concluir que a aplicação isolada de solução anti-séptica de iodo orgânico é tão eficaz quando em associação com escovação prévia (anti-sepsia mecânica)


Subject(s)
Antisepsis , Iodophors , Hand Disinfection/methods
15.
Lecta-USF ; 15(1/2): 133-41, jan.-dez. 1997. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-280213

ABSTRACT

A polivinilpirrolidona-iodo, também conhecida como PVP-I, é um dos anti-sépticos mais utilizados pelos profissionais da área da saúde, por possuir as mesmas propriedades germicidasdo iodo sem as desvantagens deste, ou seja, causar irritaçäo à pele e às mucosas, ser tóxico, apresentar baixa solubilidade em água. Esse produto é comercializado sob diversas formas farmacêuticas, sendo as mais conhecidas as soluçöes para uso tópico, degermante e tintura. Säo escassas as refências sobre a estabilidade dessas formas farmacêuticas. Neste trabalho, soluçöes de PVP-I aqüosas e degermante (existentes no mercado e por nós desenvolvidas), foram mantidas em prateleira à temperatura ambientepor um ano, analizando-se o teor de iodo e medindo-se o pH a cada 30 dias.


Subject(s)
Drug Stability , Povidone-Iodine/pharmacokinetics , Iodophors/administration & dosage , Iodophors/pharmacokinetics
16.
Pharmacol Toxicol ; 77(5): 316-9, 1995 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8778742

ABSTRACT

In a previous study we demonstrated that the administration of 20 micrograms/kg b.wt. of glucagon to rats caused a significant diminution of hepatic cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. This inhibition was non-competitive and reversible. We suggested that the effect would be mediated by cytosolic effectors. The present work was performed to characterize the mechanism involved in this inhibition. Liver tissue slices (170 to 200 mg) were incubated during different periods of time (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min.) with several concentrations of glucagon (10(-5) M, 10(-8) M and 10(-10) M), dibutiryl cyclic AMP (10(-4) M, 10(-6) M and 10(-9) M), divalent cation ionophore A23187 (10(-4) M, 10(-6) M and 10(-9) M) or vasopressin (10(-7) M, 5 x 10(-7) M and 10(-8) M). The incubation was done with or without calcium in the medium. In all cases the cytosolic GST activity were determined in liver slices. The percentage of inhibition of GST activity was directly related to the increase of concentration of the test substances. An inhibition between 40% to 45% after 10 min. of incubation with the highest concentrations was observed (except vasopressin which caused 10% of inhibition). 10(-10) M glucagon did not produce a decrease of GST activity. The inhibition disappeared in calcium-free incubated slices, but direct relationship between plasma-membrane calcium influx and inhibition of GST activity (r = 0.950, P < 0.001, n = 24) could be obtained. By using calmodulin antagonists, we conclude that the inhibition process of the enzyme was mediated by calmodulin. In summary, we propose that plasma-membrane calcium influx induced by high concentrations of glucagon activates calmodulin, which promotes a modification (actually a methylation, according to other authors) on GST, thereby causing a decrease in its activity.


Subject(s)
Calcium/physiology , Glucagon/physiology , Glutathione Transferase/metabolism , Liver/enzymology , Animals , Calcimycin/pharmacology , Calmodulin/antagonists & inhibitors , Cyclic AMP/pharmacology , Cyclic AMP/physiology , Cytosol/drug effects , Cytosol/enzymology , Glucagon/pharmacology , Glutathione Transferase/drug effects , Iodophors/pharmacology , Liver/chemistry , Liver/cytology , Liver/drug effects , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar
17.
Rev. saúde pública ; Rev. saúde pública;29(4): 290-4, ago. 1995. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-154530

ABSTRACT

Foi conduzido monitoramento microbiológico das mäos de manipuladores de alimentos como parte de um estudo para implantaçäo do Sistema de Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle em um restaurante institucional, através da contagem padräo de aeróbios mesófilos e anaeróbios facultativos, S. aureus, C. perfringens e presença de Salmonella spp. Foram observadas contagens de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos e anaeróbios facultativos em níveis de até 10 7 UFC/mäo, contaminaçöes por S. aureus e C. perfringens e oportunidades de contaminaçäo cruzada por essas mäos principalmente no fatiamento da carne assada. Salmonella spp. näo foram isoladas. Foram adotadas medidas corretivas para este ponto crítico de controle, constatando de lavagem das mäos dos manipuladores com água corrente e sabonete líquido neutro seguida de antissepsia com iodóforo. Foram observadas reduçöes da contagem de aeróbios mesófilos em até 2,6 ciclos log e, apesar desta reduçäo näo ser a ideal, ela demonstra a contribuiçäo que esta prática pode trazer aos serviços de alimentaçäo, além do que näo foram mais detectados microrganismos patogênicos como S. aureus e C. perfringens


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Contamination/prevention & control , Iodophors , Hand Disinfection/methods , Food Handling , Restaurants/standards , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Antisepsis , Clostridium perfringens/isolation & purification , Monoamine Oxidase/microbiology
20.
Bogota; s.n.; ago. 1989. 150 p. tab.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-133779

ABSTRACT

Estudio descriptivo evaluativo de corte transversal para medir la efectividad del lavado quirurgico de manos realizado por el personal de los quirofanos. Inicialmente, se observo la tecnica usada por 20 cirujanos, 10 instrumentadoras y 5 estudiantes de enfermeria sin informar al sujeto de estudio; los datos se registraron en una guia previamente elaborada, puesto que no se contaba con un protocolo. Posteriormente, se hicieron cultivos de la palma y las unas de las manos antes del lavado, inmediatamente despues y al finalizar la operacion, encontrandose que el 68.57 por ciento de las personas tenian algun tipo de microorganismos en las palmas antes del lavado y de estos el 37.5 por ciento eran patogenos. En el 88.57 por ciento se encontraron germenes en las unas, de los cuales el 32.26 por ciento fueron patogenos despues del lavado de manos. El 50 por ciento utilizo isodine y el otro 50 por ciento clorhexidina como jabon quirurgico. La tecnica de lavado de manos fue eficaz, para las palmas en el 79.16 por ciento , mientras que en quienes usaban unas largas no fue util el lavado de manos porque el 84.6 por ciento continuaba con microorganismos en contraste con quienes usaban unas cortas, en quienes solo se encontro flora en 31.8 por ciento . De las que entraron a cirugia con las manos libres de microorganismos, 86.66 por ciento despues de cirugia continuaron con cultivos negativos aun despues de 210 mia de cirugia sin que hubiese relacion con el tipo de herida quirurgica, aun cuando si la hubo con el tipo de personal. Se propone establecer un protocolo que incluya las tecnicas, los antisepticos empleados por las personas que presentaron cultivos negativos..


Subject(s)
Humans , Hand Disinfection/standards , Asepsis/methods , Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use , Clinical Protocols , Evaluation Study , Skin/microbiology , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Iodophors/therapeutic use
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