Is religious affiliation associated with parent disciplinary behavior in Suriname and Guyana.

BACKGROUND: Although limited, there is some evidence that certain physical punishments may vary by household religion. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether parent disciplinary behavior varies by religious affiliation in two countries which have large, diverse religious groups. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for Suriname (2018) and Guyana (2019-20), which contain nationally representative household samples, were used. The study was restricted to the three most prevalent religious groups: Christians, Hindus, and Muslims. METHODS: Adult responses to a standardized survey that included questions about use of disciplinary behaviors in the household towards children (aged 1-14 years) were examined in relation to religious affiliation of the head-of-household and multiple covariates. RESULTS: Of the 3518 Suriname households, 62.4 %, 23.3 % and 14.3 % were Christians, Hindus, and Muslims, respectively. Compared to Christians, children in both Hindu and Muslim households had significantly lower odds of being hit with an object in adjusted logistic regression models. However, only Hindus had lower odds of being spanked and Muslims lower odds of exposure to a combined physical and non-physical practice, compared to Christians. Of the 2535 Guyana households, 69.5 %, 23.5 % and 7.0 % were Christians, Hindus, and Muslims, respectively. Children in Hindu, but not Muslim households, had significantly lower odds of being spanked, hit with an object, and exposed to a combine practice in adjusted models compared to Christians. CONCLUSIONS: Partial support was found for a potential influence of religion on some disciplinary behaviors. Further investigation is warranted to identify possible conditions and mechanisms.

Association between women's empowerment and demand for family planning satisfied among Christians and Muslims in multireligious African countries.

BACKGROUND: Although the levels of demand for family planning satisfied (DFPS) have increased in many countries, cultural norms remain a significant barrier in low- and middle-income countries. In the context of multireligious African countries, our objective was to investigate intersectional inequalities in DFPS by modern or traditional contraceptives according to religion and women's empowerment. METHODS: Analyses were based on Demographic and Health Surveys carried out between 2010 and 2021 in African countries. Countries with at least 10% of Muslims and Christians were selected to analyse inequalities in family planning. The religious groups were characterised by wealth, area of residence, women's age and women's empowerment. The mean level of empowerment was estimated for each religious group, and multilevel Poisson regression was used to assess whether DFPS varied based on the level of women's empowerment among Muslims and Christians. RESULTS: Our study sample of 14 countries comprised 35% of Muslim and 61% of Christian women. Christians had higher levels of empowerment across all three domains compared with Muslims and women with no/other religion. DFPS was also higher among Christians (57%) than among Muslims (36%). Pooled analysis indicated a consistent association between DFPS and women's empowerment, with higher prevalence ratios among Muslims than Christians, especially in the decision-making domain. CONCLUSIONS: The gap between Muslims and Christians in DFPS significantly reduced as the level of empowerment increased. It highlights the importance of understanding and addressing cultural factors sensibly and respectfully to satisfy the demand for family planning services.

Recovering a lost seismic disaster. The destruction of El Castillejo and the discovery of the earliest historic earthquake affecting the Granada region (Spain).

This paper discusses recent archaeological fieldwork conducted at El Castillejo, a medieval Islamic settlement in Los Guájares, Granada, southern Spain. Results from combined archaeological excavation and archaeoseismological assessment of standing structures suggest that the site was affected by a destructive earthquake during its occupation. Radiocarbon samples and OSL analysis point to a seismic event in the period CE 1224-1266. The earthquake occurred within an area marked by a 'seismological gap' in terms of historic seismicity and the causative fault has been tentatively identified in the Nigüelas-Padul Fault System which lies north of the settlement. This event is not recorded by national or European seismic catalogues and represents the oldest historic earthquake in the Granada area. Our work stresses the significant impact that targeted archaeological investigations can generate in our understanding of the local historic seismicity, thus providing clear implications for seismic disaster prevention and reduction.

As (micro)políticas que adoecem: mulheres muçulmanas brasileiras e o sofrimento sociopolítico / (Micro)politics of illness: Brazilian Muslim women's sociopolitical suffering / Las (micro)políticas que enferman: mujeres musulmanas brasileñas y el sufrimiento sociopolítico / Des (micro)politiques qui rend malade: les femmes musulmanes brésiliennes et la souffrance sociopolitique

Resumo: Este artigo pretende analisar e discutir a dimensão sociopolítica do sofrimento presente nas narrativas de três mulheres brasileiras revertidas à religião islâmica. As reflexões são oriundas de uma pesquisa clínico-qualitativa que, por meio de trabalho de campo e de entrevistas abertas, busca compreender as concepções e experiências de muçulmanas brasileiras em relação à saúde mental e tem como um de seus eixos emergentes os atravessamentos de questões sociais sobre o psiquismo dessas mulheres. As interlocutoras desafiam as concepções reducionistas e individualizantes da saúde mental, evidenciando que o adoecimento psicológico mantém estreita relação com a violência, a negligência, o desamparo e a exclusão, aos quais estão constantemente submetidas.

Abstract: This study analyzes and discusses the socio-political dimension of suffering revealed in the narratives of three Brazilian Muslim women. A clinical-qualitative research was conducted by means of fieldwork and interviews to understand Brazilian Muslim women's views and experiences concerning mental health and to investigate the influence of social issues on their psyche. The interviewees challenge the reductionist and individualistic perspective on mental health, showing that psychological illness is closely related to the violence, negligence, helplessness, and exclusion to which they are constantly exposed.

Résumé : Cet article analyse et discute la dimension sociopolitique de la souffrance dans les récits de trois femmes musulmanes brésiliennes. Une recherche clinique-qualitative a été menée par le biais des études sur le terrain et des entretiens pour comprendre les conceptions et les expériences des femmes musulmanes brésiliennes concernant la santé mentale et pour étudier l'influence des questions sociales sur leur psychisme. Les interviewées remettent en question le réductionnisme et l'individualisation de la santé mentale en montrant que la maladie psychique entretient un rapport étroit avec la violence, la négligence, l'impuissance et l'exclusion dont elles sont victimes.

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar y discutir la dimensión sociopolítica del sufrimiento en las narrativas de tres mujeres brasileñas revertidas al Islam. Los datos provienen de una investigación clínico-cualitativa que utilizó trabajo de campo y entrevistas abiertas para comprender las concepciones y las experiencias de mujeres musulmanas brasileñas con relación a la salud mental, y tuvo como uno de sus ejes centrales la influencia de las cuestiones sociales en el psiquismo de estas mujeres. Las participantes critican concepciones reduccionistas e individualizantes de la salud mental mostrando que la enfermedad psíquica tiene estrecha relación con la violencia, la negligencia, la indefensión y la exclusión a la cual se ven sometidas.

Psicologia islâmica: uma perspectiva inclusiva de epistemologias religiosas no campo da psicologia da religião / Islamic psychology: an inclusive perspective of religious epistemologies in psychology of religion / Psicología islámica: una perspectiva inclusiva de epistemologías religiosas en el campo de la Psicología de la Religión / Psychologie islamique: une perspective inclusive des épistémologies religieuses dans la psychologie de la religion

Resumo O predomínio de teorias formuladas sob inspiração do estilo de vida ocidental no campo da psicologia acabou criando lacunas ao deixar de incluir especificidades de alguns grupos étnicos, religiosos e culturais. Esse cenário impulsionou vários movimentos recentes, que defendem uma psicologia culturalmente sensível que possa incluir as nuances e particularidades desses grupos. Inclui-se nesse contexto o Islã, uma religião que não se restringe somente às crenças, práticas e rituais religiosos, mas que engloba normas e preceitos que influenciam o estilo de vida do indivíduo. Este estudo tem como objetivo delinear uma reflexão teórica a respeito da psicologia islâmica, demarcando possibilidades e limites da integração de epistemologias religiosas como recurso potencial no campo da psicologia da religião. São abordados aspectos conceituais, origens históricas e fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos dessa nova abordagem, que vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço em instituições ao redor do mundo e no campo de pesquisa.

Abstract The psychological theories formulated under inspiration from the Western lifestyle created gaps by failing to include ethnic, religious, and cultural specificities. From this scenario emerged several recent movements which advocate a culturally sensitive psychology that encompass ethnic nuances and particularities. This context includes Islam, a religion that encompasses beliefs, practices, and rituals, as well as norms and precepts that influence the individual's lifestyle. This study outlines a theoretical reflection on Islamic psychology, demarcating the possibilities and limits of integrating religious epistemologies in Psychology of Religion. Conceptual, historical, theoretical, and methodological aspects of this new approach, which has been gaining space in institutions worldwide and in the research field, are addressed in this study.

Resumen El predominio de teorías formuladas bajo la inspiración del estilo de vida occidental en el campo de la Psicología generó vacíos al no incluir especificidades de algunos grupos étnicos, religiosos y culturales. En este escenario surgieron movimientos recientes que abogan por una psicología culturalmente sensible, que incluya las particularidades y matices de estos grupos. Este contexto incluye el Islam, una religión que no solo se limita a creencias, prácticas y rituales religiosos, sino que también abarca normas y preceptos que influyen en el estilo de vida del individuo. El objetivo de este estudio es esbozar una reflexión teórica sobre la psicología islámica, demarcando posibilidades y límites de la integración de epistemologías religiosas como recurso potencial en el campo de la Psicología de la Religión. Se abordan aspectos conceptuales, orígenes históricos y fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos de este enfoque, que ha ganado espacio en instituciones de todo el mundo y en el campo de la investigación.

Résumé Les théories élaborées sous l'inspiration de l'Occident dans la Psychologie a créé des lacunes en omettant d'inclure les spécificités des groupes ethniques, religieux et culturels. Ce scenario donne naissance à plusieurs mouvements récents qui prônent une psychologie douée d'une sensibilité culturelle. Ce contexte inclut l'Islam qui, en plus des croyances et des pratiques, impose des normes et des préceptes qui influencent le mode de vie de l'individu. Cette étude esquisse une réflexion théorique sur la psychologie islamique, soulignant les possibilités et les limites d'intégrer des épistémologies religieuses comme ressource potentielle dans la psychologie de la religion. Les aspects conceptuels, origines historiques et fondements théoriques et méthodologiques de cette nouvelle approche, qui prend de plus en plus de place dans les institutions du monde entier et dans la recherche, sont abordés.

[Islam and assisted reproduction treatments: an empirical study on the relationship between science and religion in Tangier and Barcelona.] / El islam ante los tratamientos de reproducción asistida: un estudio empírico sobre la relación entre ciencia y religión en Tánger y Barcelona.

In recent decades there have been significant developments in assisted reproduction techniques, which have aided couples with difficulties in having children. These techniques have been well received in different parts of the world, and Muslim countries have been no exception. Adopting sociologist Michèle Lamont's theoretical perspective on "boundaries", semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 health professionals and Islamic community leaders in the cities of Tangier and Barcelona during 2022. The aim of this article is twofold: first, to analyze how key actors in the Muslim community conceive of the relationship between Islam and science; second, to explain how this understanding is negotiated in relation to assisted reproduction treatments. The article concludes with a consideration of the complexities related to drawing the line between the positions of science and religion, and emphasized the importance of examining empirical cases in order to better capture the complex relationship between these two spheres and gain a deeper understanding of existing bioethical debates.

En las últimas décadas hubo un desarrollo significativo de técnicas de reproducción asistida que ayudaron a parejas con dificultades a tener hijos. Estas técnicas han sido bien recibidas en diferentes partes del mundo, y los países musulmanes no han sido una excepción. Desde la perspectiva teórica de la socióloga Michèle Lamont basada en las fronteras o "boundaries", en el año 2022 se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 20 profesionales de la salud y líderes de asociaciones musulmanes de Tánger y Barcelona, con el objetivo de analizar, en primer lugar, cómo actores claves musulmanes conciben la relación entre islam y ciencia y; en segundo lugar, cómo se negocia esta comprensión en el caso de los tratamientos de reproducción asistida. Se concluye sobre la complejidad de la delimitación de fronteras en las definiciones de ciencia y religión, y se destaca la importancia de centrarse en casos empíricos para comprender mejor la compleja relación entre los dos ámbitos y entender los debates bioéticos existentes.

Influence of Islamic religion and spirituality on the well-being and quality of life of cancer patients: a meta-analysis and a hypothetical model of cerebral mechanisms / Influência da religião e da espiritualidade islâmica no bem-estar e na qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer: uma metanálise e um modelo hipotético de mecanismos cerebrais

OBJECTIVE: To systematically analyze quantitative data about the effects of religion/spirituality and the well-being/quality of life of cancer patients. The second aim was to hypothesize a neurophysiological model of the association between religion/spirituality and the brain. METHODS: This study met the PRISMA Statement and was registered at PROSPERO database. Randomized and Controlled trials investigating religion/spirituality and well-being/quality of life of cancer patients were included. Based on neuroimaging and neurophysiology studies, a neuroanatomical model was developed to hypothesize the relationship between neuroscience and religion/spirituality. RESULTS: A large effect size was found on the improvement of well-being/quality of life (SMD = 3.90 [2.43-5.38], p < 0.01). Heterogeneity was high among studies (I2 = 98%, p < 0.01). Specific regions of the brain, such as the temporal lobes, amygdalae and hippocampus, regions from the limbic system, were hypothesized to take part in the religion/spirituality phenomena and the well-being/quality of life improvement. CONCLUSION: Religion/spirituality intervention, mainly the Islamic, promotes an improvement on wellbeing/quality of life of cancer patients.

OBJETIVO: Analisar sistematicamente dados quantitativos sobre os efeitos da religião/espiritualidade e o bem-estar/qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer. O segundo objetivo foi levantar a hipótese de um modelo neurofisiológico da associação entre religião/espiritualidade e o cérebro. MÉTODOS: Este estudo seguiu as recomendações do PRISMA e foi registrado no PROSPERO. Estudos randomizados e controlados investigando religião/espiritualidade e o bem-estar/qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer foram incluídos. Com base em estudos de neuroimagem e neurofisiologia, um modelo neuroanatômico foi desenvolvido para hipotetizar relações entre neurociência e religião/espiritualidade. RESULTADOS: Um tamanho de efeito grande foi encontrado na melhoria do bem-estar/qualidade de vida (SMD = 3,90 [2,43-5,38], p < 0,01). A heterogeneidade foi alta entre os estudos (I2 = 98%, p < 0,01). Regiões específicas do cérebro, como lobos temporais, amídalas e hipocampo, regiões do sistema límbico, foram hipotetizadas como participantes dos fenômenos religião/espiritualidade e melhoria do bem-estar/qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÃO: A intervenção religiosa/espiritual, principalmente islâmica, promove melhora no bem-estar/qualidade de vida em pacientes com câncer.

Experiências de adolescentes turcos de viver com ostomia: um estudo qualitativo / Experiencias de adolescentes turcos que viven con ostomía: un estudio cualitativo / Turkish adolescents' experiences of living with a stoma: a qualitative study

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar em profundidade as experiências de adolescentes turcos vivendo com ostomia. Métodos Este é um estudo fenomenológico hermenêutico qualitativo. A população do estudo foi composta por 11 adolescentes ostomizados da Turquia, com idades entre 12 e 21 anos. Os adolescentes participaram de entrevistas semiestruturadas com perguntas abertas sobre suas experiências com a ostomia. Os dados foram coletados entre janeiro e maio de 2019. Resultados Quarenta e seis afirmações significativas foram extraídas e agrupadas em sete temas. Os temas foram: desconforto, ocultação da ostomia, imagem corporal alterada, ambiente social protetor, experiências de oração, problemas vivenciados com a bolsa de colostomia e cuidados com ela, planos futuros alterados. Conclusão Os resultados do estudo identificaram uma série de desafios na vida dos adolescentes com ostomia. Os resultados podem ser úteis para os profissionais de saúde apoiarem seus pacientes adolescentes com ostomia. Além disso, esses achados podem servir de base para a realização de estudos futuros para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos adolescentes ostomizados.

Resumen Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue el de investigar en profundidad las experiencias de adolescentes turcos que viven con ostomía. Métodos Este es un estudio fenomenológico hermenéutico cualitativo. La población objeto del estudio estuvo compuesta por 11 adolescentes ostomizados de Turquía, con edades entre los 12 y los 21 años. Los adolescentes participaron de entrevistas semiestructuradas con preguntas abiertas sobre sus experiencias con la ostomía. Los datos fueron recopilados entre enero y mayo de 2019. Resultados Cuarenta y seis afirmaciones significativas fueron extraídas y agrupadas en siete temas. Los temas fueron: incomodidad, ocultación de la ostomía, imagen corporal alterada, ambiente social protector, experiencias de oración, problemas vividos con la bolsa de colostomía y sus cuidados, planes futuros alterados. Conclusión Los resultados del estudio identificaron una serie de desafíos en la vida de los adolescentes con ostomía. Los resultados pueden ser de utilidad para que los profesionales de salud les brinden apoyo a sus pacientes adolescentes con ostomía. Además, esos hallazgos pueden servir de base para la realización de estudios futuros para la mejora de la calidad de vida de los adolescentes ostomizados.

Abstract Objective This study's purpose was to investigate the experiences of Turkish adolescents with stoma in greater depth. Methods This is qualitative, hermeneutic phenomenological study. The study population consisted of 11 adolescents with stoma aged 12-21 years, in Turkey. Adolescents took part in semi-structured interviews consisting of open-ended questions about their experiences about stoma. Data were collected between January-May 2019. Results Forty-six significant statements were extracted and clustered in seven themes. The themes were, discomfort, concealing the stoma, changed body image, protective social environment, praying experiences, experienced problems about stoma bag and stoma care, altered future plans. Conclusions The findings of the study identified a number of challenges in the life for adolescent with ostomy. The results can be helpful for the health care providers to support their adolescent patients with ostomy. In addition, these findings can be base data to conduct future studies to improve quality of life of the adolescents with ostomy.

Comparação entre abate halal e convencional de bovinos em uma visão islâmica e zootécnica / Comparison between halal and conventional cattle slaughter in an islamic and zootechnical view

Dentre os sistemas de abate de bovinos, o sistema halal é aquele aceito pela comunidade muçulmana, espalhada em diversos países, representando milhões de pessoas. O sistema convencional, como entendido nessa pesquisa, é aquele que envolve os aspectos de bem estar animal. A hipótese desta pesquisa teve por base a posição de que o abate halal constitui-se em uma prática superior ao abate convencional. O que significaria, caso se confirmasse essa "superioridade", que ele seria mais humanizado e eficiente. A pesquisa principal foi classificada como qualitativa, e se desenvolveu entre abril de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021. Como resultado encontrou-se a visão de que o abate bovino compreende apenas as etapas de insensibilização e sangria (ou degola), limitando a análise na comparação entre o abate convencional e halal. Concluiu-se, assim, que o abate é um processo longo que se inicia no embarque do animal na fazenda, portanto, faz-se necessário estudos mais amplos e aprofundados com análises dos indicadores etológicos e bioquímicos de estresse animal nas etapas do abate neste explanados, para a produção de uma opinião mais segura e precisa quanto a qual forma de abate, halal ou convencional, é menos estressante para bovinos.

Among the cattle meat production systems, the halal system is the one accepted by the Muslim community spread in several countries, representing millions of people. The conventional system, as understood in this research, is one that involves zootechnical aspects, in short, productive efficiency. The hypothesis of this research was based on the position that halal slaughter constitutes a superior practice to conventional slaughter. What would it mean, if this "superiority" of halal slaughter over conventional slaughter was confirmed, that it is more humanized and efficient. The main research was classified as qualitative, and it developed between april 2020 and february 2021. As a result, it was found that the view of being bovine slaughter only the stages of stunning and bleeding (or sticking) limits the analysis in the comparison between conventional and halal slaughter. It was concluded, therefore, that the slaughter is a long process that begins with the loading of the animal on the farm, therefore, it is necessary broader and deeper studies with analyzes of the ethological and biochemical indicators of animal stress in the stages of slaughter here explaned, to produce a safer and more precise opinion as to which form of slaughter, halal or conventional, is less stressful for cattle.

Decolonizando a sexualidade no islã: um diálogo com mulheres muçulmanas brasileiras / Decolonizando la sexualidad en el islam: un diálogo con mujeres musulmanas brasileñas / Decolonizing sexuality in islam: a dialogue with brazilian muslim women

Resumo Os estudos de gênero e sexualidade vêm se destacando nas pautas atuais de pesquisas realizadas em campo islâmico. Existe dentro da religião um incentivo aos prazeres que contraria a visão estereotipada da opressão e repressão da mulher muçulmana, bem como a relação problemática entre feminismo e religião que muitas acadêmicas e militantes muçulmanas vêm tentando desconstruir. A partir da etnografia realizada pelas autoras, são tecidas reflexões sobre a sexualidade no Islã a partir de uma perspectiva decolonial. Busca-se ressaltar as práticas e os sentidos que as mulheres muçulmanas brasileiras revertidas ao Islã atribuem à sexualidade, dentro dos seguintes eixos: (a) vestimenta islâmica e a fetichização da muçulmana; (b) lícito/ilícito e a capacidade de agência e protagonismo dessas mulheres; (c) conhecimento religioso e empoderamento feminino. A pesquisa permite destacar dimensões das experiências das mulheres muçulmanas que diferem da posição de subalternidade a qual são constantemente submetidas.

Resumen Los estudios de género y sexualidad se han destacado en la actual agenda de investigación llevada a cabo en el campo islámico. Dentro de la religión existe un incentivo al placer que va en contra la visión estereotipada de la opresión y represión de las mujeres musulmanas, así como de la relación problemática entre el feminismo y la religión que muchas académicas y militantes musulmanas están intentando deconstruir. A partir de la etnografía realizada por las autoras, las reflexiones sobre la sexualidad en el Islam se realizan desde una perspectiva decolonial. El artículo busca resaltar las prácticas y los significados que las mujeres musulmanas brasileñas que volvieron al Islam atribuyen a la sexualidad, dentro de los siguientes ejes: (a) vestimenta islámica y fetichización de las musulmanas; (b) lícito/ilícito y la capacidad de agencia y protagonismo de estas mujeres; (c) conocimiento religioso y empoderamiento femenino. La investigación nos permite destacar dimensiones de las vivencias de mujeres musulmanas que se diferencian de la posición subordinada a la que están constantemente sometidas.

Abstract Gender and sexuality studies are prominent topics in current research regarding the Islamic field. There is an incentive to pleasure within religion that contradicts the oppressed and repressed Muslim woman stereotype, as well as the problematic relationship between feminism and religion that many Muslim academics and militants have been trying to deconstruct. Reflections on sexuality in Islam from a decolonial perspective derives from the ethnography conducted by the authors. The article seeks to highlight the practices and meanings that Brazilian Muslim women who reverted to Islam attribute to sexuality, within the following axes: (a) Islamic clothing and the fetishization of Muslim women; (b) licit/illicit and the capacity of agency and protagonism of these women; (c) religious knowledge and women's empowerment. The research shows dimensions of the experiences of Muslim women that differ from the position of subalternity to which they are constantly submitted.

Abate halal com e sem insensibilização em ovinos: implicações sobre o bem-estar animal e a eficiência da sangria / [Halal slaughter with and without stunning in sheep: implications on animal welfare and bleeding efficiency]

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as implicações sobre o bem-estar animal e a eficiência da sangria no abate halal com e sem insensibilização em ovinos. Foram avaliados 102 ovinos, em abate comercial, separados randomicamente pelo peso em dois grupos: com insensibilização (CI) e sem insensibilização (SI). Verificou-se que os animais sem insensibilização apresentaram sinais de endireitamento e vocalização após 20 segundos da degola. Houve diferença significativa para hemácias (P<0,01), hemoglobina (P<0,01), leucócitos totais (P<0,001), bem como para os biomarcadores de estresse, como CK (P<0,01) e lactato (P<0,001). Apesar de não apresentarem diferença estatística significativa, o LDH e o cortisol ficaram acima dos valores basais em ambos os grupos. Não foram observadas alterações séricas para glicose e AST. Houve diferença estatística significativa para eficiência da sangria (P<0,01). Os resultados demonstraram que houve estresse no abate halal com e sem insensibilização e melhor eficiência da sangria em animais não insensibilizados.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the implications on animal welfare and the sangria efficiency in halal slaugther with and without stunning in sheep. 102 sheep were appraised in a commercial slaugthter, divided randomly for the weight in two groups: with stunning (CI) and without stunning (SI). It was verified that the animals without stunning presented straighten signs and vocalization after 20 seconds of decapitation. There was significant difference for erythrocytes (P<0.05), hemoglobin (P<0.01), leucocytes (P<0.01), stress of biomarkers CK (P<0.01) and lactate (P<0.01). Alterations in serum were not observed for glucose and AST. There was significant statistical difference for bleeding efficiency (P<0.01). The results demonstrated that there was stress in the halal slaugther with and without stunning and better bleeding efficiency in animals with traditional religious slaughter without stunning.(AU)

Repercusiones multiculturales en el desarrollo lingüístico: efectos en el rendimiento / Repercussões multiculturais no desenvolvimento linguístico: efeitos no desempenho acadêmico / Multicultural repercussions in linguistic development: effectson academic performance

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo verificar las diferencias de rendimiento académico del alumnado de segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil que pertenecen a un contexto multicultural en el que coexisten una lengua oficial (castellano) y un dialecto cultural (darija). La muestra la componen un total de 501 alumnos cristianos y musulmanes del tercer curso a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario que evalúa el grado de adquisición de los aspectos competenciales de las áreas de comunicación y lenguaje, social y motriz. Para el análisis del conjunto de los datos se utilizaron pruebas estadísticas descriptivas y de contraste de variables. Los resultados demuestran como la lengua materna es un factor principal de diferenciación en todas las áreas del desempeño académico en este periodo, destacando las dimensiones comunicativas. Estas diferencias tienen una relación directa con la adhesión identitaria de los musulmanes a un dialecto cultural. (AU)

Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar as diferenças no desempenho acadêmico dos alunos em segundo ciclo de Educação Infantil pertencentes a um contexto multicultural em que coexistem uma língua oficial (castelhano) e um dialeto cultural (Darija). A amostra foi composta por um total de 501 estudantes cristãos e muçulmanos no terceiro ano em que foram aplicados um questionário que avalia o grau de aquisição de questões jurisdicionais nas áreas de comunicação e linguagem, social e motor. Para a análise do conjunto de dados, foram utilizados testes descritivos e de contraste das variáveis. Os resultados mostram como a língua materna é um importante fator de diferenciação em todas as áreas de desempenho acadêmico durante este período, com destaque para a dimensão de comunicação. Essas diferenças têm uma relação direta com a adesão dos muçulmanos a um dialeto cultural. (AU)

The objective of this work is to verify the differences in the academic performance of students in the second cycle of Early Childhood Education who belong to a multicultural context in which an official language (Castilian) and a cultural dialect (darija) coexist. The sample is made up of a total of 501 Christian and Muslim students of the third year who were given a questionnaire that assesses the degree of acquisition of the competence aspects of the areas of communication and language, social and motor. For the analysis of the data set, descriptive and contrast tests of variables were used. The results demonstrate how the mother tongue is a main factor of differentiation in all areas of academic performance in this period, highlighting the communicative dimensions. These differences have a direct relationship with the adherence of Muslims to a cultural dialect. (AU)

Double inhumation in the Medieval Islamic Necropolis of Sahl ben Malik in Granada (Spain).

Despite the high mortality that have been associated with pregnancy and childbirth in past populations, few cases of the remains of pregnant women burials are described in the bioarchaeological reports. This paper is focused on the case of a double inhumation found in the Medieval Muslim Necropolis (11th to 15th centuries) of Sahl ben Malik in Granada (Spain). A complete skeleton of a woman and the skeletal remains of a full-term fetus located under the mother's left femur, were discovered in this burial. None of the evidence for the mother was decisive in determining the cause of death. However, evidence of physiological stress in the woman and possible gynecological complications may have contributed to the death of both individuals. The link between the individuals and their cause of death is examined, discussed and compared with similar archaeological records.

Influencia de las variables sociodemográficas sobre la ansiedad y el rendimiento académico adolescente: el contexto pluricultural de Ceuta / Influence of Sociodemographic Variables on Anxiety and Academic Achievement in Adolescence: The Pluricultural Context of Ceuta

Resumen Este trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental analizar la ansiedad y el rendimiento académico, sus tipos y niveles en función de edad, género, cultura y estrato socioeconómico, así como contemplar las relaciones entre ambas. Se contó con 811 participantes. El 71.6% de la muestra eran musulmanes, mientras que el 28.4% eran cristianos; el 46.1% hombres y el 53.9% mujeres. Como instrumentos de evaluación se empleó el STAIC (Spielberger, 2001) y las calificaciones del alumnado. Se reflejan niveles medio-bajos en ansiedad y medios en rendimiento académico. En la ansiedad influyen edad, género, cultura/religión y estatus socio-económico-cultural. Sobre el rendimiento actúan la edad, la cultura y el estatus. No se halló relación estadísticamente significativa entre ansiedad y rendimiento académico.

Abstract The main objective of this paper is to analyze the types and levels of Anxiety and Academic Achievement according to age, gender, culture and socioeconomic and cultural, as well as the relationships between both variables. We focused on 811 participants 71.6% of whom were Muslims and 28.4% Christian; 46.1% male and 53.9% female. The techniques used in this survey were the STAIC (Spielberger, 2001) as well as the students' grades. The results reflect medium-low levels in Anxiety and medium levels in Achievement. Anxiety is influenced by age, gender, culture and status. Academic Achievement is influenced by age, culture and socioeconomic and cultural. There is no statistically significant relationship between Anxiety and Achievement, except in Mathematics, increasing as the Anxiety scores are lower.

Consanguinity and Inbreeding Coefficient F in Aligarh city, India: A Cross Sectional Study

Objective: To determine the coefficient of inbreeding of consanguinity (F) and its correlates in Aligarh city, India. Material and Methods: Cross sectional household survey with a sample size of 2000 (1600 non-consanguineous and 400 consanguineous couples) using systematic random sampling. Researcher conducted the study by visiting every tenth household of every tenth ward of Aligarh city. Information was recorded on a pre-tested questionnaire, which had questions pertaining to religion, details regarding relationship between couples (consanguineous / non consanguineous marriage), type of consanguinity (first cousin/second cousin/third cousin), level of education and occupation (a proxy for socioeconomic status). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and multivariate logistic regression were used. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Islam (p<0.001) and Christianity (p<0.001) were significantly associated with consanguinity. Private employment with (-) B value (p<0.001) showed a significant association of the variable with non-consanguineous group. Coefficient of inbreeding for the present study was 0.0538, highest reported from any part of India. Conclusion: Consanguinity is a prevailing problem in Aligarh city, India. Evidence based guidelines needed. Information ­ education ­ communication and pre-marital counseling suggested to make population aware of the consequences of consanguinity and to help couples make a decision.

Creencias islámicas respecto a la muerte y análisis sobre su impacto en la donación humana / Islamic beliefs regarding death and analysis of its impact in human donation

El islam surgió a principios del siglo VII, al este de la península arábiga, cuando Mahoma, el profeta, tuvo revelaciones del arcángel Gabriel y, consecuentemente, propuso el nacimiento de este modo de vida basado en el sometimiento a la voluntad de Alá. Las creencias alrededor de esta religión han cruzado fronteras, debido a la migración voluntaria o forzosa de su comunidad, hecho que ha marcado una influencia sociocultural de gran magnitud en sus creyentes respecto a la muerte y, por ende, a la donación humana de órganos y tejidos para trasplante. Por este motivo, su estudio constituye un tema de gran interés para los profesionales de la salud, dado que hay percepciones que influyen directamente en la concepción de sus fieles. Se tiene en cuenta el cuerpo como un ente sagrado, símbolo de la integración del alma, materia, ego e intelecto con una resurrección que podría comprometer su integridad en el proceso de donación. Sin embargo, las grandes instituciones en materia de bioética islámica respaldan que prima la obligación moral de solidaridad universal que conlleva hacerle el bien al prójimo, siempre y cuando no se infrinja un daño al ser propio.

Islam is a religion that emerged in the seventh century in the east of the Arabian Peninsula when Mahoma, the prophet, had revelations of angel Gabriel and consecutively proposed the birth of this form of life that is based on submission before the will of Allah. Beliefs around this religion have crossed borders due to the voluntary or forced migration of their community, exercising a major socio-cultural influence on its believers regarding death and, therefore, human organ donation and tissues for transplantation. For this reason, its study is an issue of great interest to health professionals, since there are perceptions that have a direct impact on the conception of their faithful. The body is considered as a sacred entity, symbol of the integration of the soul, matter, ego and intellect with a resurrection that could jeopardize its integrity when donation is carried out. However, major institutions in Islamic Bioethics support that moral obligation of universal solidarity is more important, leading to do good to the neighbor, as long as it does not infringe any damage to one's own.