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2.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 26(2): 175-186, maio-ago. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1372973

ABSTRACT

O Tronco encefálico (TE) é uma estrutura singular do sistema nervoso central, pois nele passam tratos sensoriais ascendentes da medula espinal, tratos sensoriais da cabeça e do pescoço, os tratos descendentes motores originados no prosencéfalo (divisão mais rostral do encéfalo), e as vias ligadas aos centros de movimento dos olhos. Contém ainda os núcleos dos nervos cranianos e está envolvido na regulação do nível de consciência através de projeções ao prosencéfalo oriundas da formação reticular. Todas essas estruturas coexistem em um espaço muito exíguo, o que faz com que o TE seja um local muito sensível às alterações patológicas, sendo que os pacientes apresentam muitos sinais neurológicos mesmo com lesões muito pequenas nesse local. Compreender a anatomia interna do TE é essencial para o diagnóstico neurológico e a prática da medicina clínica. Outros profissionais da saúde também se beneficiam desse conhecimento para melhor manejo dos seus pacientes neurológicos. Essa revisão apresenta detalhes da anatomia macroscópica e microscópica do bulbo, bem como seus correlatos clínicos frente às lesões mais comuns dessa divisão particular do TE, conhecidas como síndromes bulbares.


The brainstem is a unique structure in the central nervous system, since it gives way to ascending sensory tracts from the spinal cord, sensory tracts from the head and neck, motor descending tracts originating from the forebrain, and the pathways connected to the eye movement centers. It also contains the cranial nerve nuclei and is involved in the regulation of consciousness levels through projections to the forebrain originating in the reticular formation. All these structures coexist in a very small space, which makes the brainstem very sensitive to pathological changes, with patients presenting several neurological symptoms even with very small brainstem lesions. Understanding the internal anatomy of the brainstem is essential for neurological diagnosis and the practice of clinical medicine. Other health professionals also benefit from this knowledge to better manage their neurological patients. This review presents detailed information on the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the medulla, as well as its clinical correlates in the face of the most common lesions of this particular division of the brainstem, known as medullary syndromes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/diagnosis , Medulla Oblongata/anatomy & histology , Pyramidal Tracts/anatomy & histology , Reticular Formation/anatomy & histology , Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal/anatomy & histology , Area Postrema/anatomy & histology , Cerebral Peduncle/anatomy & histology
3.
Cir Cir ; 88(3): 376-382, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32539005

ABSTRACT

Wallenberg syndrome, or lateral medullar syndrome, is the clinical presentation of the infarct in the territory of posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Its signs and symptoms include vertigo, nystagmus, diplopia, ipsilateral Horner syndrome, facial ruddiness and dry skin, dysphonia, dysphagia, dysarthria, ipsilateral loss of gag reflex, ipsilateral ataxia, ipsilateral impaired taste, ipsilateral facial pain and paresthesia, decreased ipsilateral blink reflex, contralateral hypoalgesia and thermoanaesthesia in the trunk and limbs; and ipsilateral facial hypoalgesia and thermoanaesthesia. Neuroanatomical knowledge is essential to its comprehension, study and diagnosis, because the classic neurological manifestations are easy to explain and understand if function and localization of affected anatomical structures are known as if the posterior cerebral circulation is.


El síndrome de Wallenberg, o síndrome bulbar lateral, es la manifestación clínica del infarto en el territorio de irrigación de la arteria cerebelosa posteroinferior. Su presentación incluye vértigo, nistagmo, diplopía, síndrome de Horner, rubicundez y anhidrosis facial homolateral, disfonía, disfagia, disartria, pérdida homolateral del reflejo nauseoso, ataxia homolateral, disgeusia homolateral, dolor y parestesia faciales homolaterales, pérdida o disminución homolateral del reflejo corneal, hipoalgesia y termoanestesia de tronco y extremidades contralaterales, hipoalgesia y termoanestesia facial homolateral. El conocimiento neuroanatómico es imprescindible para su comprensión, estudio y diagnóstico, ya que sus manifestaciones neurológicas clásicas son fácilmente explicables y entendibles si se conocen la función y la localización de las estructuras anatómicas afectadas, así como la irrigación cerebral posterior.


Subject(s)
Lateral Medullary Syndrome/pathology , Cerebellum/blood supply , Cerebral Infarction/complications , Cerebral Infarction/pathology , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Deglutition Disorders/physiopathology , Dysphonia/etiology , Dysphonia/physiopathology , Facial Pain/etiology , Facial Pain/physiopathology , Horner Syndrome/etiology , Horner Syndrome/physiopathology , Humans , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/physiopathology , Medulla Oblongata/blood supply , Nystagmus, Pathologic/etiology , Nystagmus, Pathologic/physiopathology , Reflex, Abnormal , Sensation Disorders/etiology , Sensation Disorders/physiopathology , Vertigo/etiology , Vertigo/physiopathology
4.
Rev. Bras. Ortop. (Online) ; 54(5): 605-608, Sept.-Oct. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057931

ABSTRACT

Resumo The posterior inferior cerebellar artery usually arises from the intracranial segment (V4) of the vertebral artery. Despite its mean diameter of 2 mm, it usually irrigates important areas of the brain. When occluded, whether due to trauma or surgery, it may cause infarction in the brain stem and cerebellum. The present report describes a case of incidental finding of a posterior inferior cerebellar artery arising from the cervical segment (V3) of the vertebral artery, demonstrated by angiography. The findings were recorded and compared to those of earlier publications. Brief explanations regarding anatomy, vascular anomalies and embryology were provided. A literature review showed that anomalous branches of the cervical segment of the vertebral artery are infrequent andmust be known. A better understanding of anatomy and its variations enables an accurate topographic diagnosis, as well as the planning of the optimal surgical approach and therapy. Knowledge of this anatomical variation is essential because, if it is mistaken for a muscle branch and coagulated, this can cause ischemia and disabling sequelae.


Resumo A artéria cerebelar inferoposterior geralmente nasce do segmento intracraniano (V4) da artéria vertebral. Apesar de ter diâmetro médio de 2 mm, usualmente irriga áreas eloquentes do encéfalo. Quando ocluída, seja por trauma ou cirurgia, pode causar infarto no tronco encefálico e no cerebelo. Apresentamos um caso de artéria cerebelar inferoposterior com origem anômala no segmento cervical (V3) da artéria vertebral, demonstrado por angiografia. Os resultados foram registrados e comparados com os de publicações anteriores. Foram fornecidas breves explicações sobre a anatomia, anomalias vasculares e embriologia. A revisão da literatura mostrou que os ramos anômalos do segmento cervical da artéria vertebral são infrequentes e devem ser conhecidos. Uma melhor compreensão da anatomia e suas variações permite fazer um diagnóstico topográfico preciso, bem como planejar a abordagem e a terapia cirúrgicas ideais. O conhecimento dessa variação anatômica é essencial, pois, se confundida com um ramo muscular e coagulada, pode causar isquemia com sequelas incapacitantes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Vertebral Artery , Lateral Medullary Syndrome , Brain Stem , Cerebral Angiography , Angiography , Anatomic Variation , Intraoperative Complications
5.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 32(4): 222-229, dic. 2018. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1222531

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El recorrido del "loop subarcuato" de la arteria cerebelosa anteroinferior (ACAI) presenta múltiples variaciones que condicionan además su principal eferencia, la arteria subarcuata (ASA). El espectro de variaciones de este complejo ha sido referido en la literatura de forma inconexa y desorganizada. Material y Métodos: Se propuso una clasificación sistematizada de las variantes del complejo ACAI-ASA, basada en la interacción del hueso petroso y la ACAI en el periodo embrionario. La misma fue aplicada en una serie de pacientes estudiados mediante secuencia CISS (constructive interference in steady state) de resonancia magnética para categorizar las relaciones presentes en el ángulo pontocerebeloso (APC). Resultados: Se evaluaron 84 pacientes, incluyendo 161 APC. Todos los grados propuestos fueron identificados en la serie evaluada. Las proporciones encontradas en la gradación propuesta se mantuvieron en el rango de las publicaciones aisladas. Conclusión: La clasificación propuesta para el complejo ACAI-ASA permitió distinguir y objetivar consistentemente el espectro de variaciones.


Introduction: The pathway of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery's (AICA) "subarcuate loop" can vary extensively. This variability also affects its main branch, the subarcuate artery (SAA). The spectrum of variations observed with this combination of vessels is inadequately described in the literature. Methods and Materials: A systematized classification system for AICA-SAA complex variants was proposed, based upon interactions between the petrosal bone and the AICA in embryos. This classification scheme then was applied to a series of patients assessed by magnetic resonance CISS (constructive interference in steady state) sequences, to categorize the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) relationships. Results: Eighty-four patients were evaluated, encompassing 161 CPA. All the proposed grades were identified in the evaluated series. The proportions found with the proposed gradation system were within the range of previous publications. Conclusions: The AICA-SAA complex classification system that we proposed allowed for consistently distinguishing and objectifying the spectrum of variations seen in the subarcuate loop.


Subject(s)
Humans , Lateral Medullary Syndrome , Arteries , Cerebellopontine Angle
6.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 78(5): 364-367, 2018.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30285930

ABSTRACT

We present two cases of lateral medullary stroke in subjects with extracranial trajectory of the postero-inferior cerebellar artery. Case 1: a 21-year-old male who presented ataxia and right dysmetria after cervical trauma in a rugby match. Case 2: 56-year-old woman, who started with vertigo and left hemiparesis after intense physical effort. In both cases, the angiographic studies showed an extracranial trajectory of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. This vessel rarely originates below the foramen magnum, in close relationship with the first three cervical vertebrae and the atlanto-axial joint. At this level, it is exposed to mechanical damage causing dissection, such as direct trauma, abrupt cervical manipulation or prolonged cephalic extension. Therefore, this association should be considered in patients with stroke of the lateral region of the bulb and extracranial trajectory of the posterior-inferior cerebellar artery.


Subject(s)
Aortic Dissection/complications , Cerebellum/blood supply , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/etiology , Posterior Cerebral Artery/injuries , Aortic Dissection/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Dissection/pathology , Cerebellum/diagnostic imaging , Cerebellum/injuries , Cerebellum/pathology , Cerebral Angiography/methods , Female , Humans , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Posterior Cerebral Artery/diagnostic imaging , Posterior Cerebral Artery/pathology , Young Adult
7.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; Medicina (B.Aires);78(5): 364-367, oct. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-976126

ABSTRACT

Presentamos dos casos de accidente cerebrovascular en sujetos con trayecto extracraneal de la arteria cerebeloso póstero-inferior. Caso 1: varón de 21 años, quien presentó ataxia y dismetría derecha luego de un traumatismo cervical en un partido de rugby. Caso 2: mujer de 56 años, quien inició con vértigo y hemiparesia izquierda luego de esfuerzo físico intenso. En ambos casos, los estudios angiográficos mostraron un trayecto extracraneal de la arteria cerebelosa póstero-inferior. Este vaso raramente se origina por debajo del foramen magno, en relación cercana con las primeras tres vértebras cervicales y la articulación atlanto-axial. En este nivel, está expuesta a daño mecánico causante de disección, como por ejemplo trauma directo, manipulación cervical abrupta o extensión cefálica prolongada. Por lo tanto, en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular de región lateral de bulbo y trayecto extracraneal de la arteria cerebelosa póstero-inferior se debería considerar esta asociación.


We present two cases of lateral medullary stroke in subjects with extracranial trajectory of the postero-inferior cerebellar artery. Case 1: a 21-year-old male who presented ataxia and right dysmetria after cervical trauma in a rugby match. Case 2: 56-year-old woman, who started with vertigo and left hemiparesis after intense physical effort. In both cases, the angiographic studies showed an extracranial trajectory of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. This vessel rarely originates below the foramen magnum, in close relationship with the first three cervical vertebrae and the atlanto-axial joint. At this level, it is exposed to mechanical damage causing dissection, such as direct trauma, abrupt cervical manipulation or prolonged cephalic extension. Therefore, this association should be considered in patients with stroke of the lateral region of the bulb and extracranial trajectory of the posterior-inferior cerebellar artery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/etiology , Cerebellum/blood supply , Posterior Cerebral Artery/injuries , Aortic Dissection/complications , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/pathology , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Cerebral Angiography/methods , Cerebellum/injuries , Cerebellum/pathology , Cerebellum/diagnostic imaging , Posterior Cerebral Artery/pathology , Posterior Cerebral Artery/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Dissection/pathology , Aortic Dissection/diagnostic imaging
8.
Repert. med. cir ; 27(3): 177-179, 2018. ilus.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-982031

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Opalski es la presencia de hemiplejia ipsilateral asociada con síntomas del síndrome medular lateral. Diferentes estudios confirman que el infarto en tales casos ocurre a un nivel más bajo que el encontrado en el síndrome de Wallenberg. Se localiza debido a la presentación característica, el territorio único de suministro de sangre y el área pequeña de lesión. La implicación del tracto corticoespinal ipsilateral después de la decusación piramidal, o compresión de la decusación, podrían causarlo. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 71 años que desarrolló hemiplejia izquierda y dificultad repentina para caminar, acompañada de diplopía, cefalea, disfagia y vómito recurrente. La imagen de resonancia magnética demostró un infarto lateral medular izquierdo. La angiografía reveló estenosis distal y proximal de la arteria vertebral izquierda e hipoplasia de la arteria vertebral derecha.


Opalski syndrome is the presence of ipsilateral hemiplegia which is associated with symptoms of a lateral medullary syndrome. Studies confirm that the infarction, in such cases, occurs at a lower level than that found in Wallenberg syndrome. This syndrome is localized because of characteristic presentation, the unique territory of blood supply and small area of lesion. The involvement of the ipsilateral corticospinal tract after the pyramidal decussation, or compression of the decussation, could cause the syndrome. We present a case of Opalski syndrome in a 71-year-old woman developed left hemiplegia and sudden difficulty for walking, accompanied by diplopia, headache, dysphagia and recurrent vomiting. Magnetic resonance image demonstrated a left lateral-medullary infarction. Angiography revealed distal and proximal stenosis of left vertebral artery and hypoplasia of right vertebral artery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Lateral Medullary Syndrome , Paresis , Hemiplegia
9.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 33(3): 182-187, jul.-set. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-886445

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Se presenta un caso local de la variante de Opalski, del síndrome medular lateral (síndrome de Wallenberg) y se hace una revisión de la literatura sobre los síntomas de este cuadro clínico, así como las posibles razones que explican esta modificación en la expresión clínica. La variante de Opalski fue descrita en 1948, ochenta y nueve años después de la descripción original del síndrome por Adolf Wallenberg, su principal característica es la presencia de hemiparesia o hemiplejía del cuerpo del mismo lado de la lesión del bulbo raquídeo. La etiología es vascular en la mayoría de casos, por obstrucción de la arteria cerebelosa postero-inferior o de los ostium de vasos penetrantes que se originan en la arteria. No hay estudios que reporten la incidencia exacta de este cuadro clínico a nivel mundial, sin embargo, su presentación no es tan infrecuente. Lo más interesante al analizar cada caso, es que los hallazgos semiológicos son una muestra de la profunda organización del sistema nervioso.


SUMMARY A clinical case of the Opalski variant of the lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg's syndrome) is presented and a literature review about the symptoms of this clinical picture is done, as well as the possible reasons explaining this modification in the clinical expression. The Opalski variant was described in 1948, eighty-nine years after the original description of the syndrome by Adolf Wallenberg, its main feature is the presence of hemiparesis or hemiplegia of the ipsilateral side of the injury in the medulla oblongata. In most cases the etiology is vascular when the postero-inferior cerebellar artery is occluded or there is an obstruction of the ostium of penetrating vessels originating in the artery. There are no studies that accurately report the worldwide incidence of this clinical variant, however, its presentation is not uncommon. The most interesting discovery of each case is that semiological findings are a good example of the profound organization of the nervous system.


Subject(s)
Vertebral Artery , Lateral Medullary Syndrome , Medulla Oblongata , Cerebral Infarction , Cranial Fossa, Posterior
10.
Int. j. med. surg. sci. (Print) ; 4(1): 1141-1145, mar. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1284372

ABSTRACT

El Síndrome de Wallenberg representa el 36% de los infartos del tronco cerebral. Se debe a la oclusión de la Arteria cerebelosa posterior inferior, afectando estructuras encontradas en el cerebelo y la parte lateral del bulbo raquídeo. El principal factor de riesgo es la aterosclerosis. El caso se trata de paciente masculino de 57 años de edad con antecedente de Infartos lacunares en cerebelo, Diabetes mellitus tipo 2No controlada, tabaquismo y dislipidemia. Inicia con cuadro clínico de cefalea occipital, intensa, súbita, sin atenuantes concomitantemente vértigo, hipo, nauseas, vómitos y parestesia de miembros inferiores. Al examen físico pulsos periféricos disminuidos, presenta Síndrome de Horner, hipo, hipoestesia en hemicara izquierda y hemicuerpo contralateral, con ataxia, dismetría y disdiadococinesia. Se realiza IRM con difusión con conclusión diagnostica: Imagen hiperintensa de morfología irregular en el contorno lateral izquierdo del bulbo raquídeo por restricción molecular, compatible con evento isquémico (Síndrome Wallenberg). Se indica tratamiento antitrombótico y terapia física. Paciente es evaluado 2 meses después mostrando amplia mejoría de su cuadro. Es un síndrome muy específico, cuya manifestación clínica depende de la región anatómica afectada y abstrae al clínico de otros diagnósticos.


Wallenberg's Syndrome represents 36 % of strokes in the brainstem. It is due to occlusionof the inferior cerebellar artery, affecting structures found in the cerebellum and the lateral part of themedulla oblongata. The main risk factor is atherosclerosis. The case is about a 57-year-old male patient witha history of lacunar infarcts in the cerebellum, type 2 diabetes mellitus, smoking and dyslipidemia. It beginswith an intense and sudden occipital headache, without attenuating, concomitantly vertigo, hiccups, nausea,vomiting and paresthesia of lower limbs. At the physical examination, decreased peripheral pulses presentHorner's syndrome, hypoesthesia, hypoesthesia in left hemiface, and contralateral hemibody, with ataxia,dysmetria and dysdiadochokinesia. MRI was performed with diffusion with diagnostic Hyperintense image ofirregular morphology in the left lateral contour of the medulla oblongata, compatible with ischemic event(Wallenberg syndrome). Antithrombotic treatment and physical therapy was indicated. Patient was evaluated2 months later showing ample improvement. It is a very specific syndrome, whose clinical manifestationdepends on the anatomical region affected and abstracts the clinician from other diagnoses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/diagnosis , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/therapy , Factor Xa Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11.
Acta méd. peru ; 30(2): 79-85, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-692315

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En agosto del 2009 operamos el primer paciente con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA). Sin embargo, hasta la fecha, todo los investigadores informan que no hay cura para esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Demostrar que la ELA puede ser detenida y mejorada mediante un transplante de epiplón. Material y Método: Presentamos a 13 pacientes con formas bulbar y espinal de ELA. Durante la cirugía encontramos: 1) variantes anatómicas del segmento V4 de las arterias vertebrales, 2) aterosclerosis moderada o severa en ambos segmentos V4, 3) algunas arterias circunflejas originadas desde las arterias espinales anteroventrales (AEAVs) exsangües, 4) hipotrofia de raicillas nerviosas en la hilera de los nervios IX, X y XI, 5) en algunos casos, hipotrofia de la superficie anterior de las pirámides e 6) hipotrofia de raíces anteriores en C5 - C6.Todos ellos recibieron transplante de epiplón a la superficie anterior, lateral y posterior de la medula oblongada y en 5 pacientes, un transplante adicional a nivel C5-C6. Resultados: La mejoría neurológica fue observada desde el primer día de la operación y fue mayor durante los primeros días o semanas de la cirugía que en los siguientes meses. Actualmente, 2 pacientes con 8 y 12 meses de evolución postoperatoria han mejorado en un 90% los síntomas de la forma bulbar de ELA. Conclusión: Estos resultados indican que la forma bulbar de ELA es originada por isquemia progresiva en el territorio intraparenquimatoso de las AEAVs y la forma espinal por isquemia en la arteria espinal anterior, pero a nivel C5 a T1. Eso explicaría porque su revascularización por medio del epiplón produjo mejoría neurológica.


Introduction: In August 2009 we performed surgery for the first time in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALE). However, every published report about ALE mentions there is no cure for this condition. Objective: To prove that the progression of ALE may be stopped and the condition may be improved using an epiplon transplant. Material and Method: This report presents our experience with 13 ALE patients, affected by the bulbar and spinal forms of the disease. During the surgical procedures, we made the following findings: 1) anatomical variants in the V4 segment of vertebral arteries, 2) moderate or severe atherosclerosis in both V4 segments, 3) some circumflex blood vessels originating from the low-flow anterior and ventral spinal arteries, 4) hypothrophy of small nerve roots in the pathway of IX, X, and XI cranial nerves, 5) in some cases, hypothrophy of the anterior surface of the pyramids, and 6) hypothrophy of the anterior roots in C5 - C6. Every patient underwent an epiplon transplant upon the anterior, lateral, and posterior aspects of the medulla oblongata, and 5 patients underwent an additional transplant performed upon the C5-C6 territory. Results: Neurological improvement was seen from the first postoperative day, and it reached its maximum level during the first few days or weeks after surgery. Nowadays, 2 patients after eight and twelve months after surgery have had a 90% symptomatic improvement of the bulbar form of ALE. Conclusion: These results indicate that the bulbar form of ALE is caused by progressive ischemia in the parenchymal territory irrigated by the anterior and ventral spinal arteries, and that the spinal form is caused by ischemia in the anterior spinal artery, affecting the area between C5 and T1. This may explain why this revascularization procedure using epiplon tissue led to neurological improvement.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Omentum/transplantation , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/surgery , Spinal Cord Ischemia , Lateral Medullary Syndrome , Pyramidal Tracts , Prospective Studies
12.
West Indian med. j ; West Indian med. j;61(7): 746-750, Oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-672994

ABSTRACT

We describe two cases of lateral medullary syndrome at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica. This diagnosis is often missed and not well understood, so we will discuss the underlying pathophysiology.


Se describen dos casos de síndrome medular lateral en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies, Mona, Jamaica. Este diagnóstico pasa a menudo inadvertido y no es bien entendido. Por esa razón se discute aquí la patofisiología subyacente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/diagnosis , Jamaica , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/physiopathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
13.
West Indian Med J ; 61(7): 746-50, 2012 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23620975

ABSTRACT

We describe two cases of lateral medullary syndrome at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica. This diagnosis is often missed and not well understood, so we will discuss the underlying pathophysiology.


Subject(s)
Lateral Medullary Syndrome/diagnosis , Humans , Jamaica , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/physiopathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged
14.
Rev. arg. morfol ; 1(4)2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-733601

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Este trabajo describe la existenciade una variante anatómica: La hipoplasia de las arteriasvertebrales, definida como un estrechamiento de su diámetro luminal (< 2-3 mm) que conlleva una disminuciónde la velocidad del flujo sanguíneo encefálico. Material yMétodo: En nuestra experiencia se disecaron 20 encéfalos formalizados al 10% de la Cátedra de Anatomía de la Fac. de Cs. Médicas de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba con técnica de disección clásica. Resultados: La arteria vertebral izquierda es dominante con respecto a la vertebral derecha y que emergen del segmento V4. Conclusión: La importancia del conocimiento anatómico de la arteria vertebral y sus variables facilita el diagnóstico precoz de la presencia de hipoplasia arterial, la cual se asocia a ciertos trastornosneurológicos, como son la migraña con aura, la isquemia cerebelar, (Sindrome de Wallemberg), disección de laarteria vertebral o cambios ateroescleróticos.


Introduction: This paper describes the existencean anatomical variant: hypoplasia of the arteriesvertebral defined as a narrowing of luminal diameter (<2-3 mm) which leads to a decreaseof cerebral blood flow velocity. Material andMethod. In our experience 20 brains formalized 10% of the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Cs were dissected. Medical, National University of Cordoba with classical dissection technique. Results: The left vertebral artery is dominant with respect to the right vertebral V4 and emerging segment. Conclusion: The importance of anatomical knowledge of the vertebral artery and variables facilitates the early diagnosis of the presence of arterial hypoplasia, which is associated with certain disordersneurological disorders, such as migraine with aura, cerebellar ischemia (Wallenberg Syndrome), dissectionvertebral artery or atherosclerotic changes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vertebral Artery/pathology , Lateral Medullary Syndrome , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/pathology
15.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 27(3): 172-176, 2011. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-626237

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Opalski se considera una variante del síndrome de Wallenberg, la presencia de hemiplejia ipsilateralen el primero representa la diferencia. El síndrome de Wallenberg o síndrome medular lateral se genera por laoclusión de la arteria cerebelosa posteroinferior o la arteria vertebral intracraneal (1), que el comprometer la zonasuperior de la médula espinal en la región posterolateral del bulbo, lleva al desarrollo de síntomas como hipoestesiaipsilateral de la cara, hipoestesia en hemicuerpo contralateral, pérdida del reflejo nauseoso, disfagia, ronquera ydisartria, pérdida ipsilateral de la coordinación, vértigo, nauseas, vómito, nistagmos, síndrome de Horner ipsilateraly lateropulsión (2). El componente motor (hemiplejia ipsilateral) que acompaña al síndrome de Opalski es causadopor la extensión de la lesión hasta un plano más inferior de la médula espinal, en la decusación de las pirámideslo que afecta las fibras corticoespinales caudales. Se presenta un caso clínico de un paciente con diagnóstico deSíndrome de Opalski causado por una disección arterial posterior, secundario a un accidente automovilístico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Headache , Cerebral Infarction , Lateral Medullary Syndrome
16.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 29(4)dez. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-602496

ABSTRACT

Descrevemos um caso de síndrome bulbar lateral, também conhecida pelo epônimo síndrome de Wallenberg, em uma paciente do sexo feminino de 46 anos, com todos os sinais e sintomas clássicos, determinada por aneurisma gigante do segmento intracraniano da artéria vertebral. A síndrome de Wallenberg, apesar de comum a sua apresentação como consequência de aneurisma gigante de artéria vertebral, não é frequente, e na patogênese da sintomatologia o efeito de massa dessas lesões deve ser considerado.


We present a case of lateral bulbar syndrome, or Wallenbergïs syndrome, in a 46 year-old woman with all classic signs and symptoms, due to giant aneurysm of the vertebral artery at its intracranial segment. Even though common, Wallenberg syndrome due to giant aneurysm is not frequent, and in its pathogenesis the mass effect of this lesions may have a significant role.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/complications
17.
Univ. psychol ; 9(3): 715-728, sept. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-575037

ABSTRACT

Este artículo se enmarca en la línea de estudios centrados en el abordaje de los aspectos psicológicos implicados en la rehabilitación de las personas con discapacidad. En este contexto se analiza, en un grupo de 44 mujeres con lesión medular (LM), la relación entre una serie de variables psicológicas y otro grupo de variables clínicas, todas ellas relevantes a lo largo del proceso de adaptación a la lesión. En general, los resultados muestran independencia entre las puntuaciones en las distintas escalas psicológicas y las variables clínicas analizadas. Estos datos reflejan la existencia de procesos individualizados de adaptación, y ofrecen soporte empírico al modelo de las diferencias individuales en el estudio del proceso de adaptación a la LM...


This article uses, as a framework, research focused on the psychological aspects of rehabilitating people with physical disabilities. In this study the cases of 44 women with spinal cord injury (SCI) were analyzed with regards to the relationship between a series of psychological variables and another group of clinical variables, all of them relevant in the SCI adaptation process. In general the results of this study show the subjects as independent as measured by various psychological scales and other analyzed clinical variables. These data reflect the existence of individualized adaptation processes and empirically support the individual differences model in studying the SCI adaptation process...


Subject(s)
Female , Women/psychology , Lateral Medullary Syndrome , Disabled Persons
18.
Med. interna (Caracas) ; 26(1): 70-72, 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-772223

ABSTRACT

Se trata de paciente de sexo masculino, de 47 años de edad, quien ingresa a la emergencia del Hospital “Dr Héctor Nouel Joubert” del IVSS de Ciudad Bolívar por presentar disartria de aparición brusca, disfagia, hemiparesia derecha e hipo intermitente. Al examen físico se encontraron cifras tensionales elevadas (160/80mmHg), voz ronca, lengua lateralizada a la derecha, ptosis velopalatina derecha discreta, hemihipoestesia facial derecha con hemihipoestesia térmica izquierda, hemiparesia derecha, reflejo nauseoso ausente en el lado derecho, todo por afectación de los pares craneales: V, VII, IX, X y XII. Se realizó resonancia magnética contrastada con énfasis en fosa posterior, revelando imagen de 6 mm en bulbo raquídeo, correspondiente a oclusión aterotrombótica de la arteria cerebelosa posterior izquierda, lo cual explica la clínica del paciente. Debe resaltarse el inicio brusco de la sintomatología del paciente y que, a diferencia de otros casos presentados, éste no comenzó con vértigo, náuseas y vómitos, así como tampoco la presencia del Síndrome de Horner ipsilateral, descrito en algunos casos de Síndrome de Wallenberg


A 47-years old male patient admitted to the emergency service of the Dr. Héctor Nouel Joubert Venezuelan Institute of Social Security Hospital of Ciudad Bolivar presented with sudden-onset dysarthria, dysphagia, right-sided hemiparesis, and intermittent hiccups. A physical evaluation revealed high blood pressure (160/80mmHg), hoarseness, tongue deviation to the right, discrete ptosis of the soft palate, right facial hemihypoesthesia with left thermal hemihypoesthesia, right-sided hemiparesis and absent gag reflex on the right side all due to impairment of cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X, and XII. A contrast-enhanced MRI with focus on the posterior fossa revealed a 6mm image in the medulla oblongata, corresponding to an atheroembolic occlusion of the left posterior cerebellar artery, which explains the patient’s bodily disorder. It is worth noting that the symptoms appeared suddenly and, unlike in other cases, they did not include vertigo, nausea, pr vomits, nor the ipsilateral Horner’s Syndrome described in some cases of Wallenberg’s Syndrome


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Atherosclerosis , Lateral Medullary Syndrome , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/diagnosis , Taste Buds , /complications , /pathology , Coronary Disease/pathology , Hypertension/pathology
19.
Gac. méd. Méx ; Gac. méd. Méx;143(5): 429-432, sept.-oct. 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-568641

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Wallenberg es una de las entidades clínicas más frecuentemente reconocidas como parte de la patología vascular del tallo cerebral. En la actualidad puede ser identificada con rapidez gracias a las modernas técnicas en neuroimagen. Presentamos un paciente con cuadro clínico de miosis, disfonía, disfagia, seguido de ataxia. Se efectuó evaluación con resonancia magnética utilizando técnicas de difusión, coeficiente aparente de difusión, FLAIR (fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) y perfusión. Se describe la correlación clínica de los síntomas con la localización anatómica de la lesión, y se discuten los hallazgos de imagen. La descripción de este caso enfatiza la utilidad de la resonancia magnética para una adecuada evaluación y correlación clínica de los hallazgos en imagen con la exploración neurológica.


Wallenberg's syndrome is one of the most common clinically recognized conditions due to brain stem infarct, which can nowadays be identified by modern neuro-imaging techniques. We describe a patient complaining of miosis, dysphonia, and dysphagia followed by ataxia. An MRI evaluation was performed including diffusion-weighted imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient, T2-weighted images, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and perfusion. A brief discussion of imaging findings is presented as well as a clinical correlation of the symptoms with the anatomic location of the lesion. This case report emphasizes the importance of imaging findings and their clinical correlation with neurological examination.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Lateral Medullary Syndrome/diagnosis
20.
Gac Med Mex ; 143(5): 429-32, 2007.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18246938

ABSTRACT

Wallenberg's syndrome is one of the most common clinically recognized conditions due to brain stem infarct, which can nowadays be identified by modern neuro-imaging techniques. We describe a patient complaining of miosis, dysphonia, and dysphagia followed by ataxia. An MRI evaluation was performed including diffusion-weighted imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient, T2-weighted images, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and perfusion. A brief discussion of imaging findings is presented as well as a clinical correlation of the symptoms with the anatomic location of the lesion. This case report emphasizes the importance of imaging findings and their clinical correlation with neurological examination.


Subject(s)
Lateral Medullary Syndrome/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Aged , Humans , Male
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