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1.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 77(1): e20230074, 2024.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38655977

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: to understand health and education professionals' perceptions regarding children's learning difficulties in public schools. METHODS: qualitative research, of the participatory action type, linked to Paulo Freire's Research Itinerary. Forty-five professionals participated, through interviews and a Virtual Culture Circle. The analysis was developed through careful reading, reflection and interpretation of highlighted topics. RESULTS: professionals discussed the (in)visibility of learning difficulties, strategies and resources in the educational sector and the search for solutions in the health sector. It was found that the production of complaints related to school learning is attributed predominantly as an individual problem of children or their family, exempting the educational institution from this process. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: greater investment in professional training and development policies is urgently needed to facilitate coordination between sectors, with a view to overcoming outdated pedagogical and health models.


Subject(s)
Learning Disabilities , Perception , Qualitative Research , Humans , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Female , Male , Child , Health Personnel/psychology , Educational Personnel/psychology , Brazil , Adult , Schools/organization & administration , Middle Aged
2.
Rev. Costarric. psicol ; 42(2): 225-240, jul.-dic. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1559040

ABSTRACT

Resumen Las dificultades de aprendizaje, que pueden continuar manifestándose en la adultez, han mostrado vinculación con déficit en el procesamiento sensorial. El propósito de la investigación es indagar el perfil sensorial de adultos con y sin dificultades de aprendizaje (DA) en el área de lectoescritura. El estudio es cuantitativo no experimental. El perfil sensorial se evaluó a través de un cuestionario basado en el modelo de Dunn (1997b), que define cuatro patrones sensoriales a partir de la interacción entre el umbral neurológico y las estrategias de autorregulación, junto a un autorreporte de dificultades de aprendizaje. Los resultados mostraron puntuaciones similares en tres patrones sensoriales para ambos grupos, con diferencias significativas en el patrón sensorial de 'Espectador' (p = .038, d =0.5). Este patrón caracterizaría a adultos con DA con una tendencia a estrategias de autorregulación pasiva y umbral neurológico alto. Se concluye que las características de procesamiento sensorial pueden ser relevantes para orientar la intervención y apoyo de personas con DA. Se demuestra la relevancia de analizar el perfil de procesamiento sensorial para la comprensión de las dificultades de aprendizaje. En términos aplicados, amplía las posibilidades de apoyo para adultos con DA al visibilizar la necesidad de entornos que respondan a las características sensoriales individuales.


Abstract Learning difficulties, which may continue to manifest into adulthood, are linked to deficits in sensory processing. A study focused on investigating the sensory profile of adults with and without learning difficulties (LD) in literacy is presented. Quantitative and non-experimental study. The sensory profile was assessed through a questionnaire based on Dunn's model (1997b), which defines four sensory patterns based on the interaction between the neurological threshold and self-regulation strategies. We also included a self-reporting of LD. The results showed similar scores in three sensory patterns for both groups, with significant differences in the 'Bystander' sensory pattern (p = .038, d = 0.5). This pattern would characterize adults with LD with a tendency for passive self-regulation strategies and a high neurological threshold. Sensory processing characteristics may be relevant to guide the intervention and support of people with LD. Our findings demonstrate the relevance of analyzing the sensory processing profile for understanding learning difficulties. In applied terms, it expands support possibilities for adults with LD by highlighting the need for environments that respond to individual sensory characteristics.


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychomotor Performance , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Analysis of Variance , Costa Rica , Dyslexia , Specific Learning Disorder
3.
Psicol. Educ. (Online) ; (55): 30-39, 31/12/2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1513209

ABSTRACT

A pesquisa apresentada neste artigo identificou significações atribuídas por estudantes do ensino fundamental ao processo de reforço escolar. A partir da perspectiva teórica da Psicologia Sócio-histórica, conceitos fundamentais da constituição psicológica da criança no período escolar foram elencados. Com o referencial teórico foi criado um roteiro de entrevista, aplicado a estudantes de escolas particulares de São Paulo, sendo que este artigo traz uma das análises realizadas, com foco em um estudante. As respostas dos estudantes geraram uma análise qualitativa, utilizando o referencial teórico dos Núcleos de Significação, procedimento de análise elaborado por Aguiar e Ozella. A análise da entrevista de Caio trouxe significações a respeito do aluno que precisa de reforço escolar como sinônimo de "mau aluno", contribuindo para a adoção de mecanismos de defesa por Caio, alimentados por sentimentos de exclusão, monotonia e cansaço com o ambiente escolar. A partir das informações encontradas, os adultos envolvidos com a criança podem reestruturar e orientar de forma diferente o processo de reforço escolar, visando à diminuição ou eliminação dos sentimentos de exclusão e desvalorização que o processo pode gerar. (AU)


The research presented in this article identified meanings attributed by elementary school students to the process of school tutoring. From the theoretical perspective of Socio-Historical Psychology, fundamental concepts of the psychological constitution of the child in the school period were listed. With the theoretical reference, an interview script was created, applied to students from private schools in São Paulo, and this article brings one of the analyses carried out with a student. The students' answers generated a qualitative analysis, using the theoretical reference of the Nuclei of Meaning core, an analysis procedure developed by Aguiar and Ozella. The analysis of Caio's interview brought up meanings about the student who needs tutoring as a synonym of "bad student", contributing to the adoption of defense mechanisms by Caio, fed by feelings of exclusion, monotony and tiredness with the school environment. From the information found, the adults involved with the child can restructure and orient the process of school tutoring in a different way, aiming at reducing or eliminating the feelings of exclusion and devaluation that the process can generate. (AU)


La investigación presentada en este artículo identificó significaciones atribuidas por estudiantes de la enseñanza fundamental al proceso de refuerzo escolar. A partir de la perspectiva teórica de la Psicología Socio-Histórica conceptos fundamentales de la constitución psicológica del niño en el período escolar fueron enumerados. Con la referencia teórica, se creó un guión de entrevista, aplicado a estudiantes de escuelas públicas de São Paulo, y este artículo trae uno de los análisis realizados, con um estudiante. Las respuestas de los alumnos generaron un análisis cualitativo, utilizando el marco teórico de los Núcleos de Significado, un procedimiento de análisis desarrollado por Aguiar y Ozella. El análisis de la entrevista de Caio aportó significados sobre el alumno que necesita refuerzo escolar como sinónimo de "mal alumno", contribuyendo a la adopción de mecanismos de defensa por parte de Caio, alimentados por sentimientos de exclusión, monotonía y cansancio con el ambiente escolar. A partir de las informaciones encontradas los adultos involucrados con el niño pueden reestructurar y orientar de forma diferente el proceso de refuerzo escolar, buscando la disminución o eliminación de los sentimientos de exclusión y devaluación que el proceso puede generar. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Remedial Teaching , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Psychology, Child , Education, Primary and Secondary , Qualitative Research
4.
Aval. psicol ; 20(2): 241-252, abr.-jun. 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1285441

ABSTRACT

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal investigar evidências de validade discriminante para o Desenho da Família Cinética. Pretendeu também analisar a influência de variáveis sociodemográficas, bem como a frequência e capacidade de discriminação de cada item de análise dessa técnica projetiva. Participaram 112 crianças de 9 a 12 anos pertencentes a dois grupos critério, sendo 80 da amostra normativa e 32 da amostra clínica (com problemas de aprendizagem). Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Desenho da Família Cinética, sua folha de correção e as Matrizes Progressivas e Coloridas de Raven. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais com o auxílio do software SPSS. Os principais resultados mostraram que a variável sociodemográfica Idade gerou efeito nos resultados obtidos; houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos-critério, corroborando para as evidências de validade discriminante; e apenas 38,46% dos itens de análise obtiveram diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos critério. (AU)


This study aimed to investigate evidence of discriminant validity for the Kinetic Family Drawing test. It also intended to analyze the influence of sociodemographic variables, to evaluate the frequency and discriminatory capacity of each analysis item of this projective technique. Participants were 112 children from 9 to 12 years of age, belonging to two criterion groups, 80 from the normative sample and 32 from the clinical sample (with learning problems). The instruments used were the Kinetic Family Drawing test, its correction sheet and Raven's Progressive and Colored Matrices. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS software. The main results showed that the sociodemographic variable age influenced the results obtained; there was a statistically significant difference between the criterion groups, corroborating the evidence of discriminant validity; while only 38.46% of the analysis items obtained statistically significant difference between the criterion groups. (AU)


Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal investigar las evidencias de validez discriminatorias para el Dibujo de la Familia Kinética. También se pretendía analizar la influencia de las variables sociodemográficas, así como evaluar la frecuencia y la capacidad discriminatoria de cada ítem de análisis de esta técnica proyectiva. Participaron un total de 112 niños de 9 a 12 años, pertenecientes a dos grupos de criterios, 80 de la muestra normativa y 32 de la muestra clínica (con problemas de aprendizaje). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Dibujo de la Familia Kinética, su hoja de corrección y las Matrices Progresivas Coloreadas de Raven. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial con la ayuda del software SPSS. Los principales resultados mostraron que la variable sociodemográfica edad tuvo un efecto sobre los resultados obtenidos; hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos de criterios, corroborando la evidencia de validez discriminante; y solo el 38.46% de los ítems de análisis obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos de criterios. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Projective Techniques , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Psychometrics , Socioeconomic Factors , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Age Factors
5.
Psicol. Educ. (Online) ; (52): 44-53, jan.-jun. 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1340390

ABSTRACT

Fundamentada na perspectiva da psicologia escolar e educacional crítica, a presente pesquisa, realizada em um município baiano, objetivou conhecer as concepções de educadores e psicólogos sobre o encaminhamento das crianças com queixa escolar para serviços de saúde e investigar as modalidades de atendimento a esse fenômeno. De caráter qualitativo e exploratório, foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada, aplicada de forma individual, totalizando 12 participantes, cujas respostas foram organizadas em categorias temáticas relacionadas aos objetivos da pesquisa. Nas entrevistas, prevaleceu a concepção de que questões de ordem educacional e também familiares/sociais justificam os problemas de escolarização das crianças, cujo encaminhamento aos serviços de saúde tem sido a alternativa possível, mas não a ideal para avaliação e intervenção. Espera-se que os referidos achados suscitem novos estudos sobre o tema investigado, especialmente no município em questão, que favoreça o fortalecimento dos pressupostos da psicologia escolar/educacional crítica no meio acadêmico. Ressalta-se ainda a necessidade de fomentar essa discussão de forma intersetorial na rede municipal de educação e saúde, problematizando a compreensão e atendimento às queixas escolares, e que se possam produzir práticas psicológicas e educativas críticas e emancipadoras.


Deemed on the Psychology Schooling and Education perspective, this study was carried out in a city located in Bahia. The Study aimed to understand the conceptions of the Psycologists and Educators about the routing of children with scholar complain to health services and this study also purposed to assess the treatment models related to this phenomenon. From a qualitative and exploratory nature, semi structered interviews were conceded individually with 12 subjects, whose responses were organized into thematical categories related to the objectives of the present research. The data from interviews showed that a comprehension concept about educational and social/family issues justifies the children scholarization problems and the routing to health devices is seen as a possible alternative although this isn't the best evaluation nor intervention. It is expected that the data found here might entail other studies about the problem that was investigated on this paper and it's also expected that this study strenghs the Psychology Schooling and Education assumptions at academic level. It is necessary to emphasize the need to promote this discussion intersectorally in the municipal network, problematizing the understanding and attendance to scholar complain in order to promote, critical and emancipatory pschological practices.


Fundada en la perspectiva de la psicología educativa/escolar crítica, la presente investigación, realizada en una ciudad de Bahia, objetivó conocer las concepciones de educadores y psicólogos sobre el encaminamiento de los niños con queja escolar para servicios de salud e investigar las modalidades de atención a ese fenómeno. De carácter cualitativo y exploratorio, se realizaron encuestas con educadoras y psicólogas, totalizando 12 participantes cuyas respuestas fueron organizadas en categorías temáticas relacionadas a los objetivos de la investigación. En las entrevistas, prevaleció la concepción de que cuestiones de orden educacional y también familiares/sociales justifican los problemas de escolarización de los niños, cuyo encaminamiento a los servicios de salud ha sido la alternativa posible, pero no la ideal para evaluación e intervención. Se espera que estos hallazgos susciten nuevos estudios sobre el tema investigado, especialmente en el municipio en cuestión, que favorezca el fortalecimiento de los presupuestos de la psicología escolar / educativa crítica en el medio académico. Se resalta la necesidad de fomentar esa discusión de forma intersectorial en las escuelas públicas municipales, problematizando la comprensión y atención a las quejas escolares, y que se puedan producir prácticas psicológicas y educativas críticas y emancipadoras.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Middle Aged , School Health Services , Students/psychology , Problem Behavior/psychology , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Child Health , Adolescent Health , Qualitative Research
6.
Psicol. Educ. (Online) ; (52): 54-63, jan.-jun. 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1340391

ABSTRACT

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a produção nacional a respeito do encaminhamento de crianças em processo de escolarização a profissionais de saúde, como expressão do processo de medicalização da educação. Realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico na base de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde-Psicologia Brasil/BVS-Psi com os termos: “medicalização”, “medicalização da educação”, “professores e encaminhamentos”, “queixa escolar”, “medicalização na rede pública”, “queixa escolar e medicalização” e “medicalização da queixa escolar”. Selecionaram-se os textos que apresentavam uma perspectiva crítica a respeito dos processos de medicalização da/na educação. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicam que os encaminhamentos são realizados partindo-se de uma concepção de que as dificuldades apresentadas pelas crianças no processo de escolarização são de caráter individual e, dessa forma, passíveis de resolução no campo da saúde. Entretanto, há uma marcante falta de comunicação entre esses serviços e a escola, o que contribui para o recurso ao uso de drogas psicotrópicas como uma das principais medidas para intervir junto às queixas escolares, em detrimento do recurso a novas práticas institucionais da escola.


This article is the result of a bibliographical research on the Brazilian bibliographical production regarding the referral of children in schooling process to health professionals, as an expression of the medicalization process of education. A bibliographical survey was carried out in the database of the Virtual Library of Health/ Psychology Brazil/BVS-Psi under the terms: “medicalization”, “medicalization of education”, “teachers and referrals”, “School complaint and medicalization” and “medicalization of the school complaint”. The researchers selected the texts that presented a critical perspective regarding the medicalization processes of the education. The results indicate that the production of referrals rely on a conception that the difficulties presented by the children in the schooling process, as the school identifies them, are individual in nature and, therefore, can be resolved in the health field. However, there is a lack of communication between these services and the school, which contributes to the use of psychotropic drugs as one of the main measures to intervene with school complaints, rather than making new school practices in order to enhance the schooling process.


Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación bibliográfica sobre la producción brasileña acerca de la derivación de niños en proceso de escolarización a profesionales de salud, como expresión del proceso de medicalización de la educación. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en la base de datos Biblioteca Virtual en Salud-Psicología Brasil / BVS-Psi con los términos: “medicalización”, “medicalización de la educación”, “profesores y derivaciones”, “queja escolar”, “medicalización en la red pública”, “Queja escolar y medicalización” y “medicalización de la queja escolar “. Se seleccionaron los textos que presentaban una perspectiva crítica acerca de los procesos de medicalización de la educación. Los resultados de esta investigación indican que las derivaciones se realizan partiendo de una concepción de que las dificultades presentadas por los niños en el proceso de escolarización son de carácter individual y de esa forma susceptibles de resolución en el campo de la salud. Sin embargo, hay una marcada falta de comunicación entre estos servicios y la escuela, lo que contribuye al uso de drogas psicotrópicas como una de las principales medidas para intervenir junto a las quejas escolares, en detrimento del recurso a nuevas prácticas institucionales de la escuela.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child Health , Education, Primary and Secondary , Medicalization , Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use , Child , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Learning Disabilities/drug therapy
7.
Aval. psicol ; 20(4): 410-416, out.-diez. 2021. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1350172

ABSTRACT

As dificuldades de aprendizagem (DA) representam um desafio para as áreas da educação, social e da saúde. O objetivo é avaliar a aplicabilidade do Desenho da Figura Humana com História (DFH-H) na compreensão de crianças com DA. Foram avaliadas, individualmente, 20 crianças da terceira série do Ensino Fundamental público de São Paulo/SP, identificadas pela coordenação da escola como sofrendo algum tipo de DA. Os desenhos foram avaliados segundo os indicadores emocionais (IE) e maturacionais (IM) propostos por Koppitz e também pelo método de livre inspeção do material projetivo, gráfico e narrativo. A média dos IM foi menor, e a dos IE foi superior ao resultado esperado para a idade. A correlação entre os indicadores foi inversa e significante, ainda que moderada. O DFH-H contribuiu para uma compreensão singular das crianças com DA e possibilitou levantar hipóteses sobre os motivos de suas dificuldades, esclarecendo os dados fornecidos pelos IM e IE. (AU)


Learning disabilities (LD) represent a challenge for the educational, social and health fields. The aim was to evaluate the applicability of the Draw-a-Person with a Story (DAP-S) test considering the understanding of children with learning disabilities. Twenty children from the third grade of a Public Elementary School in São Paulo-SP, identified by the school coordination as suffering some type of LD were individually evaluated. Their drawings were analyzed according to the emotional indicators (EI) and maturational indicators (MI) proposed by Koppitz and also through the free inspection method of the projective (graphic/narrative) material. The mean for the MI was lower, and the mean for the EI was higher than the result expected for the age. The correlation between the indicators was inverse and significant, although moderate. The DAP-S contributed to a singular understanding of children with LD and made it possible to raise hypotheses about the reasons for their difficulties, clarifying the data provided by the MI and EI. (AU)


Las dificultades de aprendizaje (DA) representan un reto para las áreas de educación, social y salud. El objetivo es evaluar la aplicabilidad del Diseño de la Figura Humana con Historia (DFH-H) en la comprensión de las DA. Fueron evaluados individualmente veinte niños del tercer año de primaria de una escuela pública de São Paulo-SP, identificados por la coordinación de la escuela como portadores de algún tipo de DA. Sus dibujos fueron evaluados según los indicadores emocionales (IE) y madurativos (IM) propuestos por Koppitz y por el método de libre exploración del material proyectivo, gráfico y narrativo. La media del IM fue menor y la media del IE fue mayor que el resultado esperado para la edad. La correlación entre los indicadores fue inversa y significativa, aunque moderada. El DFH-H contribuyó a una comprensión singular de los niños con DA y permitió plantear hipótesis sobre sus dificultades, aclarando los datos aportados por los IM y IE. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Projective Techniques , Emotions , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Students/psychology , Education, Primary and Secondary
8.
Poiésis (En línea) ; 41(Jul.- Dic.): 157-173, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1381286

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo presenta una reflexión actualizada de métodos y estrategias eficaces para el aprendizaje del cálculo, la escritura y lectura en sujetos con discapacidad intelectual leve. Conforme con el análisis de las investigaciones abordadas, se puede concluir que, si bien los propósitos de la atención pedagógica a los sujetos con déficit intelectual vienen enmarcados bajo los principios de la educación inclusiva, se evidencia una gran diferencia entre las intenciones de la educación inclusiva y la realidad de las instituciones educativas. Así, los niños con discapacidad intelectual leve, pese a ser integrados en el aula regular, no logran recibir la atención educativa requerida para fortalecer los aprendizajes pedagógicos de lectoescritura y cálculo; situación que se relaciona con el desconocimiento, por parte de los docentes, de las estrategias pedagógicas para abordar las particularidades educativas de esta población. El resultado del análisis, evidencia la existencia de diversas técnicas; indica, al mismo tiempo, que no existe un método específico para el aprendizaje de habilidades académicas en los sujetos con deficiencias intelectuales leves, sugiere identificar el interés y la necesidad de los estudiantes para así establecer flexibilizaciones en las planeaciones pedagógicas y metodológicas del currículo que favorezcan el proceso de aprendizaje


This work presents an updated reflection of effective methods and strategies for learning calculation, writing and reading in subjects with mild intellectual disabilities. According to the analysis of the analyzed researches we can concluded that, although the purposes of pedagogical attention to subjects with intellectual deficits are framed under the principles of inclusive education, there is evidence of a great difference between the intentions of inclusive education and the reality of educational institutions. Thus, children with mild intellectual disabilities, despite being integrated into the regular classroom, do not manage to receive the educational attention required to strengthen the pedagogical learning of literacy and numeracy. A situation that is related to the ignorance, from teachers, of the pedagogical strategies to address the educational particularities of this population. The result of the analysis shows the existence of various techniques, indicates, at the same time, that there is no specific method for learning academic skills in subjects with mild intellectual deficiencies, we suggest identifying the interest and need of students in order to do so, establishing flexibilities in the pedagogical and methodological planning of the curriculum that favor the learning process.Keywords: Learning; Intellectual deficit; Intellectual disability; Inclusive education; Teaching; Reading/writing; Mathematics; Pedagogy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Education of Intellectually Disabled/methods , Psychology, Educational/methods , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Intellectual Disability
9.
Aval. psicol ; 19(1): 48-55, jan.-abr. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1089022

ABSTRACT

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar estudos de fidedignidade para o Desenho da Família Cinética, sendo estes relativos aos parâmetros de fidedignidade entre avaliadores, intra-avaliador e estabilidade temporal/teste-reteste. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Desenho da Família Cinética e o Teste das Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven. Participaram desses estudos dois juízes e 66 crianças, sendo 16 com problemas de aprendizagem. Para a análise de dados, utilizou-se o coeficiente kappa de Cohen, a correlação ρ de Spearman e a diferença estatística entre as médias dos pontos por meio do Teste Wilcoxon. Os resultados mostraram índices substanciais a perfeitos de concordância nos estudos de fidedignidade entre avaliadores e intra-avaliador para todos os itens de análise do Desenho da Família Cinética e, no teste-reteste, não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as médias das pontuações entre as duas aplicações. Conclui-se pela robustez psicométrica do Desenho da Família Cinética, em termos de indicadores de fidedignidade.(AU)


This study aimed to perform reliability analyses for the Kinetic Family Drawing, in relation to inter- and intra-rater reliability parameters and temporal/test-retest stability. The instruments used were the Kinetic Family Drawing and the Raven Colored Progressive Matrix Test. Twelve judges and 66 children participated in this study, 16 of whom had learning problems. For the data analysis, Cohen's kappa coefficient, Spearman's correlation coefficient ρ, and the statistical difference between the means of the points through the Wilcoxon test were used. The results showed substantial perfect agreement indices in the inter- and intra-rater reliability analyses for all items of the Kinetic Family Drawing, and in the test-retest there were no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the two applications. The psychometric robustness of the Kinetic Family Drawing, in terms of reliability indicators, was confirmed.(AU)


Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar estudios de confiabilidad para el Dibujo Kinético de la Familia, que se relaciona con los parámetros de referencia entre los evaluadores, intra-evaluadores y estabilidad temporal/test-retest. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Dibujo Kinético de la Familia y la Test de Matrices Progresivas de Raven. Participaron de los estudios 2 jueces y 66 niños, siendo que 16 de ellos poseían problemas de aprendizaje. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el coeficiente kappa de Cohen, la correlación de Spearman ρ y la diferencia estadística entre las medias de los puntos por medio de la prueba de Wilcoxon. Los resultados mostraron índices de concordancia considerables en los estudios de confiabilidad entre evaluadores e intra-evaluadores para todos los ítems de análisis del Dibujo Kinético de la Familia y, en el test-retest, no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las medias de las puntuaciones entre las dos aplicaciones. Se concluye por la robustez psicométrica del Dibujo Kinético de la Familia, en términos de indicadores de confiabilidad.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Projective Techniques , Reproducibility of Results , Learning Disabilities/psychology
10.
J Autism Dev Disord ; 50(1): 162-170, 2020 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31571066

ABSTRACT

People punish transgressors with different intensity depending if they are members of their group or not. We explore this in a cross-sectional analytical study with paired samples in children with developmental disorders who watched two videos and expressed their opinion. In Video-1, a football-player from the participant's country scores a goal with his hand. In Video-2, a player from another country does the same against the country of the participant. Each subject watched the two videos and their answers were compared. The autism spectrum disorder (ASD) group showed negative feelings in Video 1 (M = - .1; CI 95% - .51 to .31); and in Video 2 (M = - .43; CI 95% .77 to - .09; t(8) = 1.64, p = .13), but the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, intellectual disability groups showed positive opinion in Video-1 and negative in Video-2. This suggests that children with ASD respect rules regardless of whether those who break them belong or not to their own group, possibly due to lower degrees of empathy.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology , Emotions , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Adolescent , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ethnicity/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Photic Stimulation , Video Recording
11.
Psicol. USP ; 31: e190011, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1135817

ABSTRACT

Resumo Estudo retrospectivo de caráter descritivo. Por meio de coleta em prontuários, objetivou-se caracterizar crianças e adolescentes atendidos em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSi) durante seu décimo ano de funcionamento e comparar com estudo análogo realizado no primeiro ano de funcionamento. Os dados foram analisados com auxílio dos softwares SPSS e Iramuteq. Identificou-se aumento de 51,85% ( n = 84 ) da demanda em relação ao primeiro ano. Observou-se aumento de usuários de sexo feminino, cuja marca foram queixas de automutilação. Manteve-se prevalência de usuários do sexo masculino, cuja marca foram problemas de comportamento, como agressividade e hiperatividade. Discute-se, neste estudo, as articulações entre CAPSi e demais serviços da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS), especialmente acerca dos encaminhamentos. Também se discute sobre a medicalização sem registro de hipótese diagnóstica e os desafios de se exercer a clínica ampliada e a lógica do trabalho psicossocial, a qual se opõe ao paradigma exclusivamente biomédico, simplificador dos fenômenos do desenvolvimento infantil.


Abstract This descriptive retrospective study used medical records to characterize children and adolescents cared in a CAPSi during their tenth year of operation and to compare with an analogous study carried out in the first year of operation. Data were analyzed using SPSS and IRaMuTeQ. There was an increase of 51.85% ( n = 84 ) in demand compared to the first year. There was an increase in female users, whose complaints concerned self-mutilation. However, the prevalence of male users remained, whose complaints concerned behavioral issues such as aggression and hyperactivity. In this study, we discuss the articulations between CAPSi and other services of the Psychosocial Care Network, especially regarding referrals. It also discusses medicalization without record of prognosis and the challenges of exercising the "expanded clinical" practice and the logic of psychosocial work, which opposes the exclusively biomedical paradigm, simplifying the phenomena of child development.


Résumé Une étude rétrospective descriptive. L'objectif c'était de caractériser les enfants et adolescents traités dans une CAPSi au cours de leur dixième année d'activité et faire la comparaison avec l'étude analogue réalisée au long de la première année. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide des logiciels SPSS et IRaMuTeQ. Il a été identifié une augmentation de 51,85% ( n = 84 ) de la demande par rapport à la première année. Il y a eu une augmentation du nombre d'utilisateurs du sexe féminin, dont la marque était des plaintes d'automutilation. Cependant, la prévalence des utilisateurs du sexe masculin est restée, dont la marque était des problèmes de comportement, comme l'agressivité et l'hyperactivité. Dans cette étude, nous discutons des questions relatives aux articulations entre le CAPSi et les autres services du réseau de soins psychosociaux, particulièrement en ce qui concerne les renvois. Il aborde également la médicalisation sans enregistrement d'hypothèses diagnostiques et les défis de l'exercice de la "clinique élargie" et à la logique psychosocial, qui s'oppose au paradigme exclusivement biomédical simplifiant les phénomènes de développement de l'enfant.


Resumen Estudio retrospectivo, de carácter descriptivo. Por medio de recolección de datos en historiales, se objetivó caracterizar a niños y adolescentes atendidos en un CAPSi durante su décimo año de funcionamiento, y comparar los datos con un estudio análogo realizado en su primer año de funcionamiento. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó los softwares SPSS e Iramuteq. Se identificó un aumento del 51,85% ( n = 84 ) de la demanda en relación al primer año. Se observó un aumento de usuarios del sexo femenino, cuya marca fueron quejas de automutilación. Sin embargo, se mantuvo la prevalencia de usuarios del sexo masculino, cuya marca fueron problemas de comportamiento, como agresividad e hiperactividad. En este estudio, se discuten las articulaciones entre CAPSi y otros servicios de la Red de Atención Psicosocial, especialmente sobre las remisiones. También se discute la medicalización sin registro de hipótesis diagnósticas y los desafíos de ejercer la clínica extendida y la lógica del trabajo psicosocial, que se opone al paradigma exclusivamente biomédico simplificador de los fenómenos del desarrollo infantil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Self Mutilation/psychology , Aggression/psychology , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Mental Health Services , Prevalence , Medicalization , Data Analysis
12.
Poiésis (En línea) ; 39(Jul.-Dic.): 187-204, 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1139971

ABSTRACT

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar las características neuropsicopedagógicas de un niño con dificultades escolares y de comportamiento. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de caso con un participante de 11 años de edad, quien durante la investigación cursaba el grado quinto de básica primaria en una institución educativa de carácter privado del municipio de Itagüí, Antioquia. Los instrumentos aplicados para la evaluación fueron: el Test Breve de Inteligencia de KAUFMAN (K-BIT), la Batería Psicopedagógica EVALÚA - 5, el Cuestionario de Depresión para Niños (CDS) y una entrevista semiestructurada para padres y docentes, relacionada con los aspectos del desarrollo, el aprendizaje y la conducta del estudiante. Los resultados demostraron que el niño presentaba un coeficiente intelectual dentro de los parámetros normales y las principales dificultades se encontraron en el contexto familiar-social, lo que permitió evidenciar que el rendimiento escolar es el resultado de la interacción de diferentes factores que abarcan componentes cognitivos, del neurodesarrollo, emocionales, familiares y contextuales. Así mismo, se evidenció que las dificultades en el comportamiento asociadas al contexto escolar no siempre están relacionadas con trastornos del aprendizaje o de la conducta. Se hace necesaria la obtención de este tipo de perfiles neuropsicopedagógicos con el fin de establecer rutas de intervención pertinentes y eficaces que incorporen las características cognitivas individuales, los vínculos socio afectivos, el entorno social, escolar, y la dinámica familiar del estudiante.


This article aims to present the neuropsychopedagogical characteristics of a child with school and behavior difficulties. A case study was carried out with an 11-year- old participant, who during the research was studying the fifth grade of elementary school in a private educational institution in the municipality of Itagüí, Antioquia. The instruments applied for the evaluation were: the KAUFMAN Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT), the EVALÚA Psychopedagogical Battery­5, the Depression Questionnaire for Children (CDS) and a semi-structured interview for parents and teachers, related to aspects of development, learning and behavior of the student. The results showed that the child had an IQ within normal parameters and the main difficulties were found in the social family context, which allowed to show that school performance is the result of the interaction of different factors, which include cognitive, neurodevelopmental, emotional, family and contextual components. It was also evidenced that behavioral difficulties associated with the school context are not always related to learning or conduct disorders. Obtaining this type of neuropsychopedagogical profiles is necessary in order to establish relevant and effective intervention routes, which incorporate individual cognitive characteristics, socio-affective ties, the social and school environment and the student's family dynamics.


Subject(s)
Humans , Academic Performance/psychology , Psychological Tests , Academic Failure/psychology , Intelligence Tests , Learning Disabilities/psychology
13.
Psicol. Educ. (Online) ; (49): 41-48, jan.-dez. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040827

ABSTRACT

Esse artigo visa compartilhar ações realizadas frente à demanda de dificuldades de não aprendizagem escolar no aspecto de escuta e intervenção à queixa escolar, em crianças atendidas em um Serviço de Psicologia Aplicada - SPA de uma IES de Porto Velho/RO. Foram acompanhadas experimentalmente cinco crianças, ao longo do segundo semestre de 2017. O trabalho avançou ao tentar romper com o olhar de análise clínico institucionalizado e na desconstrução da queixa escolar com o sujeito, família e escola. Evidenciou-se que no discurso da queixa escolar muitos significados das tensões não possuem sentido individual e a que a consciência sobre essa relação emergiu sem laço e com desencontros no discurso anunciado.


This article aims to share actions in response to the demand for school non - learning difficulties in the aspect of listening and intervention to the school complaint, with attended children at Applied Psychology Service - SPA in Porto Velho/RO. Five children were experimentally monitored during the second half of 2017. The work progressed in trying to break with the institutionalized clinical analysis look and in the desconstruction of the school complaint with the subject, family and school. It was evidenced that in the speech of the scool complaint many meanings of the tensions do not have individual sense and that the consciousness about this relation emerged without tie and with disagreements in the proclaimed speech.


Este artículo tiene como objetivo compartir las acciones adoptadas para cumplir con la demanda de las dificultades de aprendizaje no escolar em la escucha aspecto y la intervención a la angustia de la escuela em niños atendidos en un Servicio de Psicología Aplicada - SPA de Porto Velho/RO. Experimentalmente fueron acompañados por cinco niños, durante la segunda mitad de 2017. El trabajo há avanzado para tratar de romper com el aspecto de análisis clínicos institucionalizada y la deconstrucción de la queja escolar con el sujeto, la familia y la escuela. Era evidente que en el discurso de las quejas de la escuela muchos significados de las tensiones no tienen sentido individual y la conciencia de esta relación surgido sin derecho a fianza y los desacuerdos en el discurso anunciado.


Subject(s)
Learning Disabilities , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Underachievement , Family , Child
14.
Psico USF ; 24(4): 645-659, out.-dez. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1056983

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to compare the neuropsychological and educational profiles of Brazilian children with dyscalculia (n = 8), dyslexia (n = 13) and without learning disabilities (n = 12). The neuropsychological profile was composed of: (a) intelligence - assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III); (b) attention - WISC-III Coding and Symbol Search subtests; (c) executive functions - Digit Span (backward order) and WISC-III Arithmetic subtests, Pseudoword Repetition Test for Brazilian Children, Stroop Test and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; (d) memory - WISC-III Digit Span subtest (forward order) and Rey Complex Figures. The educational profile was composed of reading, writing and mathematics, assessed by the Academic Performance Test and the Arithmetic Test. It was found that the groups with dyscalculia and dyslexia did not differentiate in any of the neuropsychological abilities, only in the reading and writing abilities. Neuropsychological variables that could explain these results were discussed. (AU)


Objetivou-se comparar os perfis neuropsicológico e escolar de crianças brasileiras com discalculia (n = 8), dislexia (n = 13) e sem dificuldades escolares (n = 12). O perfil neuropsicológico foi composto por: (a) inteligência: avaliada pela Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Crianças (WISC-III); (b) atenção: subtestes Códigos e Procurar Símbolos da WISC-III; (c) funções executivas: subtestes Dígitos (ordem inversa) e Aritmética da WISC-III, Teste de Repetição de Pseudopalavras para Crianças Brasileiras, Teste de Stroop e Teste Wisconsin de Classificação de Cartas; (d) memória: subteste Dígitos (ordem direta) da WISC-III e Figuras Complexas de Rey. O perfil escolar foi composto por leitura, escrita e matemática, avaliado pelo Teste de Desempenho Escolar e pela Prova de Aritmética. Verificou-se que os grupos com discalculia e com dislexia não se diferenciaram em nenhuma das habilidades neuropsicológicas, somente nas habilidades escolares de leitura e escrita. Variáveis neuropsicológicas que pudessem explicar esses desempenhos intergrupos foram discutidas. (AU)


El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar los perfiles neuropsicológicos y escolares de niños brasileños con Discalculia (n = 8), Dislexia (n = 13) y niños sin dificultades escolares (n = 12). El perfil neuropsicológico fue compuesto por: (a) inteligencia: evaluada por Escala de Inteligencia Wechsler para Niños (WISC-III); (b) atención: subtests Códigos y Búsqueda de Símbolos de la WISC-III; (c) funciones ejecutivas: subtests Dígitos (orden inverso) y Aritmética de la WISC-III, Test de Repetición de Pseudopalabras para Niños Brasileños, Test de Stroop y Test Wisconsin de Clasificación de Cartas; (d) memoria: subtest Dígitos (orden directo) de la WISC-III y Figuras Complejas de Rey. El perfil escolar fue compuesto por lectura, escritura y matemática, evaluado por el Test de Desempeño Escolar y por la Prueba de Aritmética. Se verificó que los grupos con Discalculia y con Dislexia no se diferenciaron en ninguna de las habilidades neuropsicológicas, sólo en las habilidades escolares de lectura y escritura. Fueron discutidas variables neuropsicológicas que pueden explicar esos desempeños intergrupales. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Wechsler Scales , Dyslexia/psychology , Stroop Test , Dyscalculia/psychology , Wisconsin Card Sorting Test , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Medical History Taking
15.
Aval. psicol ; 18(3): 219-228, jul.-set. 2019. tab, il
Article in English | Index Psychology - journals, LILACS | ID: biblio-1055223

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to verify the effects of developmental variables as age, school grade and gender in the performance of the Test for Identification of Signs of Dyslexia (TISD). In particular from the analysis of the first two, it was also sought to verify validity evidence based on external variables. Participants were 515 children, randomly selected, ages between six and 13 years old (Mean = 8.46; SD = 1.52), and 52% of males. Through the Univariate Analysis of Variance, only effects of age and school grade were found. It was observed that TISD was able to differentiate groups of six, seven, and eight years old and the school grade of the 1st to 4th grade of elementary school. From these results, it was possible to add positive validity evidence to the instrument, in order to motivate the conduction of other research studies of its psychometric qualities. (AU)


Este estudo objetivou verificar efeitos das variáveis desenvolvimentais de idade, ano escolar e gênero no desempenho do Teste para Identificação de Sinais de Dislexia (TISD). Especificamente, a partir da análise das duas primeiras, buscou-se também averiguar evidências de validade desse instrumento baseadas em variáveis externas. Participaram 515 crianças, selecionadas aleatoriamente, com idades entre seis e 13 anos (M = 8,46; DP = 1,52) e 52% pertencentes ao gênero masculino. Por meio da análise univariada da variância, foram encontrados somente efeitos das variáveis idade e ano escolar. Observou-se que o TISD foi capaz de diferenciar grupos de seis, sete e oito anos e também os anos escolares do primeiro ao quarto ano. A partir desses resultados, foi possível adicionar evidências positivas de validade para o instrumento, de modo a motivar a condução de outros estudos de investigação de suas qualidades psicométricas. (AU)


Este estudio objetivó comprobar los efectos de las variables del desarrollo de edad, año escolar y género en la ejecución del "Prueba de Identificación de Señales de Dislexia" (TISD). Específicamente a partir del análisis de las dos primeras, se buscó también verificar evidencias de validez de dicho instrumento basadas en variables externas. Participaron 515 niños, seleccionados al azar, con edades comprendidas entre seis y 13 años (M = 8.46; DS = 1.52) y 52% de hombres. Por medio del Análisis Univariado de Varianza, sólo se encontraron efectos de las variables edad y año escolar. Se observó que el TISD fue capaz de diferenciar grupos de seis, siete y ocho años y también los años escolares del primer hasta el cuarto año. A partir de estos resultados, fue posible añadir evidencias positivas de validez para el instrumento, con la finalidad de motivar la conducción de otros estudios de investigación de sus cualidades psicométricas. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Dyslexia/psychology , Reproducibility of Results , Learning Disabilities/psychology
16.
Mol Neurobiol ; 56(12): 8035-8051, 2019 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31165973

ABSTRACT

Heart failure (HF) is a major public health issue affecting more than 26 million people worldwide. HF is the most common cardiovascular disease in elder population; and it is associated with neurocognitive function decline, which represent underlying brain pathology diminishing learning and memory faculties. Both HF and neurocognitive impairment are associated with recurrent hospitalization episodes and increased mortality rate in older people, but particularly when they occur simultaneously. Overall, the published studies seem to confirm that HF patients display functional impairments relating to attention, memory, concentration, learning, and executive functioning compared with age-matched controls. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underpinning neurocognitive decline in HF. The present review round step recent evidence related to the possible molecular mechanism involved in the establishment of neurocognitive disorders during HF. We will make a special focus on cerebral ischemia, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, Wnt signaling, and mitochondrial DNA alterations as possible mechanisms associated with cognitive decline in HF. Also, we provide an integrative mechanism linking pathophysiological hallmarks of altered cardiorespiratory control and the development of cognitive dysfunction in HF patients. Graphical Abstract Main molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment of cognitive impairment during heart failure. Heart failure is characterized by chronic activation of brain areas responsible for increasing cardiac sympathetic load. In addition, HF patients also show neurocognitive impairment, suggesting that the overall mechanisms that underpin cardiac sympathoexcitation may be related to the development of cognitive disorders in HF. In low cardiac output, HF cerebral infarction due to cardiac mural emboli and cerebral ischemia due to chronic or intermittent cerebral hypoperfusion has been described as a major mechanism related to the development of CI. In addition, while acute norepinephrine (NE) release may be relevant to induce neural plasticity in the hippocampus, chronic or tonic release of NE may exert the opposite effects due to desensitization of the adrenergic signaling pathway due to receptor internalization. Enhanced chemoreflex drive is a major source of sympathoexcitation in HF, and this phenomenon elevates brain ROS levels and induces neuroinflammation through breathing instability. Importantly, both oxidative stress and neuroinflammation can induce mitochondrial dysfunction and vice versa. Then, this ROS inflammatory pathway may propagate within the brain and potentially contribute to the development of cognitive impairment in HF through the activation/inhibition of key molecular pathways involved in neurocognitive decline such as the Wnt signaling pathway.


Subject(s)
Heart Failure/psychology , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Memory Disorders/psychology , Neurocognitive Disorders/psychology , Heart Failure/epidemiology , Heart Failure/metabolism , Humans , Learning Disabilities/epidemiology , Learning Disabilities/metabolism , Memory Disorders/epidemiology , Memory Disorders/metabolism , Neurocognitive Disorders/epidemiology , Neurocognitive Disorders/metabolism , Neuropsychological Tests
17.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 77(3): 147-154, 2019 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30970126

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to investigate the quality of life of children with poor school performance and its association with behavioral aspects and hearing abilities. METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study, developed in a town in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, investigated a random sample of public school children, aged 7-12 years old, who performed poorly in school and received specialized educational assistance. The study comprised two stages: 1) collection of data from parents on their children's health, educational, and socioeconomic profile, and from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; 2) administration of a quality of life evaluation scale to the schoolchildren. For the assessment of auditory function, transient otoacoustic emissions were used and auditory processing was tested. The following tests were used: verbal sequential memory, nonverbal sequential memory, sound localization, dichotic digits, duration pattern test (flute) and random gap detection. The collected data were analyzed using Excel and STATA 11.0 software. Quality of life was considered the response variable. The explanatory variables were grouped for univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis with the level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS: A statistically significant association was found between impaired quality of life, altered pro-social behavior, and the absence of parental complaints about the children's written language development. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life is impaired in children with poor school performance. The lack of parental complaints about written language and changes in social behavior increased the likelihood of a child having a poor quality of life.


Subject(s)
Academic Performance/psychology , Child Behavior/physiology , Hearing/physiology , Quality of Life/psychology , Underachievement , Brazil , Child , Child Behavior/psychology , Child Development/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Hearing Loss/physiopathology , Hearing Loss/psychology , Hearing Tests , Humans , Language Development , Language Development Disorders/physiopathology , Language Development Disorders/psychology , Learning Disabilities/physiopathology , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Logistic Models , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Social Behavior , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
18.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; Medicina (B.Aires);79(1,supl.1): 57-61, abr. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002606

ABSTRACT

El trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) es uno de los trastornos más prevalentes en la población infanto-juvenil, con un impacto ya conocido sobre el aprendizaje y rendimiento escolar. La falta de atención, la disfunción ejecutiva asociada y los problemas comórbidos -particularmente los relacionados con el aprendizaje y la ansiedad-, condicionan marcadamente este dominio conceptual. Los jóvenes afectos, tienen más problemas para la toma de apuntes, finalización de trabajos, programación escolar y menor motivación al estudio. A pesar de una mayor dedicación al estudio y mayor uso de recursos de apoyo, el fracaso escolar y la no consecución de objetivos curriculares son más frecuentes en estos pacientes. El diagnóstico temprano del TDAH y sus comorbilidades, la intervención psicoeducativa y farmacológica adecuada e individualizada, han demostrado mejorar el pronóstico académico a corto y largo plazo. Para este propósito, es imprescindible la participación activa de profesionales de la salud y la educación.


Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders in the child-youth population, with a known impact on learning and school performance. Lack of attention, associated executive dysfunction and comorbid problems -particularly those related to learning and anxiety-, strongly determine this conceptual domain. Affected youths have more problems for taking notes, completion of homework, school programming and less motivation to study. Despite greater dedication to homework and greater use of support resources, school failure and non-achievement of curricular objectives are more frequent in these patients. The early diagnosis of ADHD and its comorbidities, the adequate and individualized psychoeducational and pharmacological intervention, have been shown to improve academic prognosis in the short and long term. For this purpose, the active participation of health and education professionals is essential.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Rats , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Anxiety/complications , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy , Comorbidity , Academic Performance/psychology , Learning , Learning Disabilities/complications , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Learning Disabilities/therapy
19.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; Arq. neuropsiquiatr;77(3): 147-154, Mar. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001339

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to investigate the quality of life of children with poor school performance and its association with behavioral aspects and hearing abilities. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study, developed in a town in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, investigated a random sample of public school children, aged 7-12 years old, who performed poorly in school and received specialized educational assistance. The study comprised two stages: 1) collection of data from parents on their children's health, educational, and socioeconomic profile, and from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; 2) administration of a quality of life evaluation scale to the schoolchildren. For the assessment of auditory function, transient otoacoustic emissions were used and auditory processing was tested. The following tests were used: verbal sequential memory, nonverbal sequential memory, sound localization, dichotic digits, duration pattern test (flute) and random gap detection. The collected data were analyzed using Excel and STATA 11.0 software. Quality of life was considered the response variable. The explanatory variables were grouped for univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis with the level of significance set at 5%. Results: A statistically significant association was found between impaired quality of life, altered pro-social behavior, and the absence of parental complaints about the children's written language development. Conclusions: Quality of life is impaired in children with poor school performance. The lack of parental complaints about written language and changes in social behavior increased the likelihood of a child having a poor quality of life.


RESUMO Investigar a qualidade de vida de crianças de 7 a 12 anos de idade com mau desempenho escolar e a associação com as características comportamentais e habilidades auditivas. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal realizado com crianças de 7 a 12 anos de idade, com mau desempenho escolar das escolas públicas municipais de uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil, participantes de atendimentos educacionais especializados. Etapas: 1) coleta de informações com os pais sobre a saúde, perfil escolar e socioeconômico e preenchimento do Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; 2) etapa com as crianças para aplicação da Escala de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida. Para a avaliação da função auditiva foram utilizadas as Emissões Otoacústicas Transientes e a avaliação do processamento auditivo, sendo os testes aplicados: teste de memória de sons verbais em sequência, teste de memória de sons não verbais em sequência, localização sonora, teste dicótico de dígitos, teste de padrão de duração (flauta) e Random Gap Detection. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio dos programas Excel e STATA 11.0. Foi considerada como variável resposta a qualidade de vida e as variáveis explicativas foram agrupadas para análise de regressão logística uni e multivariada, considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Foi encontrada associação estatística entre qualidade de vida prejudicada, comportamento pró-social alterado e ausência de queixa parental de linguagem escrita. Conclusão: A qualidade de vida está comprometida nas crianças com mau desempenho escolar. A ausência de queixa sobre o desenvolvimento da linguagem escrita e comportamento pró-social alterado aumentaram a chance de a criança apresentar qualidade de vida prejudicada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Quality of Life/psychology , Underachievement , Child Behavior/physiology , Academic Performance/psychology , Hearing/physiology , Social Behavior , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Logistic Models , Child Behavior/psychology , Child Development/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Hearing Loss/physiopathology , Hearing Loss/psychology , Hearing Tests , Language Development , Language Development Disorders/physiopathology , Language Development Disorders/psychology , Learning Disabilities/physiopathology , Learning Disabilities/psychology
20.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 79(Suppl 1): 57-61, 2019.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30776281

ABSTRACT

Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders in the child-youth population, with a known impact on learning and school performance. Lack of attention, associated executive dysfunction and comorbid problems -particularly those related to learning and anxiety-, strongly determine this conceptual domain. Affected youths have more problems for taking notes, completion of homework, school programming and less motivation to study. Despite greater dedication to homework and greater use of support resources, school failure and nonachievement of curricular objectives are more frequent in these patients. The early diagnosis of ADHD and its comorbidities, the adequate and individualized psychoeducational and pharmacological intervention, have been shown to improve academic prognosis in the short and long term. For this purpose, the active participation of health and education professionals is essential.


El trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) es uno de los trastornos más prevalentes en la población infanto-juvenil, con un impacto ya conocido sobre el aprendizaje y rendimiento escolar. La falta de atención, la disfunción ejecutiva asociada y los problemas comórbidos ­particularmente los relacionados con el aprendizaje y la ansiedad­, condicionan marcadamente este dominio conceptual. Los jóvenes afectos, tienen más problemas para la toma de apuntes, finalización de trabajos, programación escolar y menor motivación al estudio. A pesar de una mayor dedicación al estudio y mayor uso de recursos de apoyo, el fracaso escolar y la no consecución de objetivos curriculares son más frecuentes en estos pacientes. El diagnóstico temprano del TDAH y sus comorbilidades, la intervención psicoeducativa y farmacológica adecuada e individualizada, han demostrado mejorar el pronóstico académico a corto y largo plazo. Para este propósito, es imprescindible la participación activa de profesionales de la salud y la educación.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Habits , Academic Performance/psychology , Adolescent , Anxiety/complications , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy , Child , Child, Preschool , Comorbidity , Humans , Learning , Learning Disabilities/complications , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Learning Disabilities/therapy
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