Walnut ointment promotes full-thickness burning wound healing: role of linoleic acid

Purpose: To investigate the active ingredients of walnut ointment (WO) and its mechanism in repairing wounds. Methods: The ingredients of WO were detected by gas chromatography­mass spectrometry. The effect of linoleic acid (LA) was tested by in vitro Alamar Blue (AB) reagent. Image J software, histological and immunohistochemical analysis were used to confirm the healing effect of LA in the porcine skin model. The animals were euthanized after the experiment by injection of pentobarbital sodium. Results: LA, 24% in WO, promotes keratinocytes and fibroblasts proliferation, which were 50.09% and 15.07% respectively higher than control (p < 0.05). The healing rate of the LA group (96.02% ± 2%, 98.58% ± 0.78%) was higher than the saline group (82.11% ± 3.37%, 88.72% ± 1.73%) at week 3 and week 4 (p < 0.05). The epidermal thickness of the LA was 0.16 ± 0.04 mm greater and the expression of the P63 and CK10 proteins was stronger in the LA group than the control (p < 0.05). Conclusions: LA, which is the main components in WO can promote full-thickness burning wounds (FBWs) by stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation.

Preeclampsia prevention: a case-control study nested in a cohort / La prevención de la preeclampsia: un estudio de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte

Introduction: Preeclampsia is the main complication of pregnancy in developing countries. Calcium starting at 14 weeks of pregnancy is indicated to prevent the disease. Recent advances in prevention of preeclampsia endorse the addition of conjugated linoleic acid. Objective: To estimate the protective effect from calcium alone, compared to calcium plus conjugated linoleic acid in nulliparous women at risk of preeclampsia. Methods: A case-control design nested in the cohort of nulliparous women attending antenatal care from 2010 to 2014. The clinical histories of 387 cases of preeclampsia were compared with 1,054 normotensive controls. The exposure was prescriptions for calcium alone, the first period, or calcium plus conjugated linoleic acid, the second period, from 12 to 16 weeks of gestational age to labor. Confounding variables were controlled, allowing only nulliparous women into the study and stratifying by age, education and ethnic group. Results: The average age was 26.4 yrs old (range= 13-45), 85% from mixed ethnic backgrounds and with high school education. There were no differences between women who received calcium carbonate and those who did not (OR= 0.96; 95% CI= 0.73-1.27). The group of adolescents (13 to 18 yrs old) in the calcium plus conjugated linoleic acid was protected for preeclampsia (OR= 0.00; 95% CI= 0.00-0.44) independent of the confounder variables. Conclusions: 1. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy did not have preventive effects on preeclampsia. 2. Calcium plus Conjugated Linoleic acid provided to adolescents was observed to have preventive effect on Preeclampsia.

Introducción: La preeclampsia es la principal causa de mortalidad materna y bajo peso al nacer en países en vías de desarrollo. Empezar la suplementación de calcio en la semana 14 de gestación es indicada para prevenir la enfermedad. Recientes avances en prevención de preeclampsia han sugerido la suplementación de calcio y la combinación de calcio con ácido linoleico conjugado. Objetivo: Estimar el efecto protector de la suplementación de calcio (CC), comparado con la suplementación de calcio más ácido linoleico conjugado (CC+ALC) en mujeres embarazadas primigravidas con relación al desarrollo de preeclampsia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte retrospectiva de mujeres embarazadas primigravidas que asistieron al programa de control prenatal entre el año 2010 hasta el años 2014. La historia clínica de 387 casos de preeclampsia fueron comparadas con 1,054 controles en pacientes embarazadas primigestantes, normotensas. Las gestantes expuestas fueron consideradas como aquellas gestantes que recibieron solo calcio, en el primer periodo de evaluación, o calcio más ácido linoleico conjugado, segundo periodo de evaluación, desde las semanas 12 a la 16 del embarazo. Los posibles factores de confusión se controlaron admitiendo solo las primigestantes y estratificando, por edad, educación y grupo étnico de la paciente. Resultados: La edad promedio de las pacientes fue de 26.4 años (rango= 13-45), 85% con etnia mestiza y educación secundaria completa. La exposición a CC+ALC tuvo un efecto protector en las adolescentes (13 a 18 años) (OR= 0.00, IC 95%= 0.00-0.44; p= 0.005), mientras que la exposición a CC no modificó la incidencia de preeclampsia (OR= 0.96, IC 95%= 0.73-1.27; p= 0.82). Conclusiones: 1. La suplementación de solo calcio durante el embarazo no tuvo efecto preventivo para la preeclampsia, 2. La suplementación con calcio y ácido linoleico conjugado previno la aparición de preeclampsia en adolescentes.

Preeclampsia prevention: a case-control study nested in a cohort.

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is the main complication of pregnancy in developing countries. Calcium starting at 14 weeks of pregnancy is indicated to prevent the disease. Recent advances in prevention of preeclampsia endorse the addition of conjugated linoleic acid. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the protective effect from calcium alone, compared to calcium plus conjugated linoleic acid in nulliparous women at risk of preeclampsia. METHODS: A case-control design nested in the cohort of nulliparous women attending antenatal care from 2010 to 2014. The clinical histories of 387 cases of preeclampsia were compared with 1,054 normotensive controls. The exposure was prescriptions for calcium alone, the first period, or calcium plus conjugated linoleic acid, the second period, from 12 to 16 weeks of gestational age to labor. Confounding variables were controlled, allowing only nulliparous women into the study and stratifying by age, education and ethnic group. RESULTS: The average age was 26.4 yrs old (range= 13-45), 85% from mixed ethnic backgrounds and with high school education. There were no differences between women who received calcium carbonate and those who did not (OR= 0.96; 95% CI= 0.73-1.27). The group of adolescents (13 to 18 years old) in the calcium plus conjugated linoleic acid was protected for preeclampsia (OR= 0.00; 95% CI= 0.00-0.44) independent of the confounder variables. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy did not have preventive effects on preeclampsia. 2. Calcium plus Conjugated Linoleic acid provided to adolescents was observed to have preventive effect on Preeclampsia.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La preeclampsia es la principal causa de mortalidad materna y bajo peso al nacer en países en vías de desarrollo. Empezar la suplementación de calcio en la semana 14 de gestación es indicada para prevenir la enfermedad. Recientes avances en prevención de preeclampsia han sugerido la suplementación de calcio y la combinación de calcio con ácido linoleico conjugado. OBJETIVO: Estimar el efecto protector de la suplementación de calcio (CC), comparado con la suplementación de calcio más ácido linoleico conjugado (CC+ALC) en mujeres embarazadas primigravidas con relación al desarrollo de preeclampsia. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte retrospectiva de mujeres embarazadas primigravidas que asistieron al programa de control prenatal entre el año 2010 hasta el años 2014. La historia clínica de 387 casos de preeclampsia fueron comparadas con 1,054 controles en pacientes embarazadas primigestantes, normotensas. Las gestantes expuestas fueron consideradas como aquellas gestantes que recibieron solo calcio, en el primer periodo de evaluación, o calcio más ácido linoleico conjugado, segundo periodo de evaluación, desde las semanas 12 a la 16 del embarazo. Los posibles factores de confusión se controlaron admitiendo solo las primigestantes y estratificando, por edad, educación y grupo étnico de la paciente. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio de las pacientes fue de 26.4 años (rango 13-45), 85% con etnia mestiza y educación secundaria completa. La exposición a CC+ALC tuvo un efecto protector en las adolescentes (13 a 18 años) (OR= 0.00, IC 95%= 0.00-0.44; p= 0.005), mientras que la exposición a CC no modificó la incidencia de preeclampsia (OR= 0.96, IC 95% %= 0.73-1.27; p= 0.82). CONCLUSIÓN: 1. La suplementación de solo calcio durante el embarazo no tuvo efecto preventivo para la preeclampsia, 2. La suplementación con calcio y ácido linoleico conjugado previno la aparición de preeclampsia en adolescentes.

Dietary anhydrous milk fat naturally enriched with conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid modify cardiovascular risk biomarkers in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Saturated and trans fatty acids have been associated with the risk to develop cardiovascular diseases. However, health-promoting effects are associated with consumption of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) and ruminant trans fatty acids, such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vaccenic acid (VA) contained in the lipid fraction of milk and dairy products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of AMF naturally enriched with CLA and VA in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), using sterculic oil to inhibit the conversion of VA into CLA. The administration of AMF to SHR during 7 weeks exerted beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk biomarkers (reduction of insulin, blood lipids, increase of adiponectin). When sterculic oil was included, some parameters were further ameliorated (reduction of insulin, increase of adiponectin). Sterculic oil alone reduced body weight and adiposity, and improved blood pressure, adiponectin and triglyceride levels.

Chia (Salvia hispanica) / Chia (Salvia hispanica)

Introdução: A chia é uma planta cujas sementes são utilizadas na culinária e dita com diversas propriedades medicinais.Objetivo: Verificar evidências do uso da chia no tratamento de doenças.Métodos: Busca sistematizada da literatura, por meio de busca eletrônica, de artigos que avaliem o uso da chia naterapêutica médica.Resultados: Uma revisão sistemática mostrou resultados inconclusivos da eficácia da chia no tratamento de doenças.Um ensaio clínico randomizado não conseguiu demonstrar benefício na redução de peso. Um estudo crossover nãoconseguiu demonstrar um efeito energético superior aos carboidratos em atletas. Dois estudos experimentais emanimais foram favoráveis à chia na redução de riscos cardiovasculares e em câncer. Um estudo mostrou efeito benéficodo óleo das sementes de chia no tratamento tópico do prurido em pacientes renais e diabéticos. Em todos os estudosnão há ocorrência de efeitos adversos.Conclusão: Chia não pode ser considerado um fitoterápico no tratamento isolado de qualquer doença ou com finalidadede perda de peso. Ela pode ser utilizada como complemento dietético.

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid and long-chain n-3 fatty acids in mammary and prostate cancer protection: a review.

The role of dietary fatty acids on cancer is still controversial. To examine the current literature on the protective role of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and marine long-chain fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and the risk of breast and prostate cancer, data from 41 case-control and cohort studies and relevant in vitro and animal experiments were included in this 2000-2010 revision. Epidemiological studies on CLA intake or its tissue concentration related to breast and prostate tumorigenesis are not conclusive; EPA and DHA intake have shown important inverse associations just in some studies. Additional research on the analysed association is required.

Modulatory effect of fatty acids on fungicidal activity, respiratory burstand TNF-a and IL-6 production in J774 murine macrophages

The reported effects of different families of fatty acids (FA; SFA, MUFA, n-3 and n-6 PUFA) on human health and the importance of macrophagerespiratory burst and cytokine release to immune defence led us to examine the influence of palmitic acid (PA), oleic acid (OA),linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA on macrophage function. We determined fungicidal activity, reactive oxygen species(ROS) and cytokine production after the treatment of J774 cells with non-toxic concentrations of the FA. PA had a late and discrete stimulatingeffect on ROS production, which may be associated with the reduced fungicidal activity of the cells after treatment with this FA.OA presented a sustained stimulatory effect on ROS production and increased fungicidal activity of the cells, suggesting that enrichmentof diets with OA may be beneficial for pathogen elimination. The effects of PUFA on ROS production were time- and dose-dependentlyregulated, with no evident differences between n-3 and n-6 PUFA. It was worth noting that most changes induced after stimulation of thecells with lipopolysaccharide were suppressed by the FA. The present results suggest that supplementation of the diet with specific FA, notclasses of FA, might enable an improvement in host defence mechanisms or a reduction in adverse immunological reactions.

Effect of a combination of medium chain triglycerides, linoleic acid, soy lecithin and vitamins A and E on wound healing in rats.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a combination of medium chain triglycerides (caprylic, capric, caproic and lauric acids), linoleic acid (essential fatty acid), vitamins A and E and soy lecithin, through a morphometric study, on the wound healing kinetics of experimental cutaneous ulcers. METHODS: A total of 45 male Wistar rats were used, in which a skin flap of total thickness with an area of 4 cm2 was removed. The animals were divided randomly into 3 groups of 15 rats each, Control, Reference and Test groups, which were treated topically with 0.9% NaCl, a preparation of clostebol combined with neomycin sulfate and the test formulation, respectively. The wound areas were measured by digital planimetry at days zero, 3, 7 and 12 postoperative. Based on the wound area, we determined the degree of tissue repair and mean rate of repair at different time intervals. RESULTS: At day 3, an expansion of the wound area was observed in the Reference group and slight contraction in the Control and Test groups. On the subsequent days, the healing process, according to the degree of repair, proceeded in a linear manner, such that, at day 12, the healed area reached 77.95% of the initial ulcerated region in the Control group, 78.40% in the Reference group and 83.49% in the Test group, showing no significant differences. The overall mean rate of repair was equally similar at 12 days of treatment: 25.79 mm2/dia in the Control group, 25.42 mm2/dia in the Reference group and 27.38 mm2/dia in the Test group. CONCLUSION: The test preparation, applied topically on the experimentally induced cutaneous ulcers in rats, did not accelerate the process of tissue repair by secondary union.

Effect of a combination of medium chain triglycerides, linoleic acid, soy lecithin and vitamins A and E on wound healing in rats / Efeito da combinação de triglicerídeos de cadeia média, ácido linoléico, lecitina de soja e vitaminas A e E na cicatrização de ferida em ratos

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a combination of medium chain triglycerides (caprylic, capric, caproic and lauric acids), linoleic acid (essential fatty acid), vitamins A and E and soy lecithin, through a morphometric study, on the wound healing kinetics of experimental cutaneous ulcers. METHODS: A total of 45 male Wistar rats were used, in which a skin flap of total thickness with an area of 4 cm² was removed. The animals were divided randomly into 3 groups of 15 rats each, Control, Reference and Test groups, which were treated topically with 0.9 percent NaCl, a preparation of clostebol combined with neomycin sulfate and the test formulation, respectively. The wound areas were measured by digital planimetry at days zero, 3, 7 and 12 postoperative. Based on the wound area, we determined the degree of tissue repair and mean rate of repair at different time intervals. RESULTS: At day 3, an expansion of the wound area was observed in the Reference group and slight contraction in the Control and Test groups. On the subsequent days, the healing process, according to the degree of repair, proceeded in a linear manner, such that, at day 12, the healed area reached 77.95 percent of the initial ulcerated region in the Control group, 78.40 percent in the Reference group and 83.49 percent in the Test group, showing no significant differences. The overall mean rate of repair was equally similar at 12 days of treatment: 25.79 mm²/dia in the Control group, 25.42 mm²/dia in the Reference group and 27.38 mm²/dia in the Test group. CONCLUSION: The test preparation, applied topically on the experimentally induced cutaneous ulcers in rats, did not accelerate the process of tissue repair by secondary union.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da associação de triglicerídeos de cadeia média (ácidos caprílico, cáprico, capróico e láurico), ácido linoléico (ácido graxo essencial), vitaminas A e E e lecitina de soja, através de estudo morfométrico, na cinética de reparação de úlceras cutâneas experimentais. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 45 ratos, machos, da linhagem Wistar, nos quais foi removido um retalho cutâneo de espessura total com 4 cm² de área. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos constituídos de 15 ratos, Controle, Referência e Teste, que foram tratados por via tópica respectivamente, com solução salina 0,9 por cento, composto de clostebol associado a sulfato de neomicina e a formulação em teste. As áreas das feridas foram mensuradas por planimetria digital nos dias zero, 3, 7 e 12 de pós-operatório. A partir da área da ferida, calcularam-se ainda o grau de reparação e a taxa média de reparação em intervalo de tempo. RESULTADOS: No 3o dia observou-se uma expansão da área da ferida no grupo referência e uma leve contração nos grupos controle e teste. Nos dias subseqüentes o processo de reparação, medido pela variável grau de reparação, evoluiu de forma linear, de modo que, no 12º dia, a área reparada alcançou 77,95 por cento da região ulcerada inicial no grupo Controle, 78,40 por cento no grupo Referência e 83,49 por cento no grupo Teste, não sendo constatadas diferenças estatisticamente significante. Igualmente semelhantes foram os valores da taxa média de reparação referente aos 12 dias de tratamento: 25,79 mm²/dia no grupo Controle, 25,42 mm²/dia no grupo Referência e 27,38 mm²/dia no grupo Teste CONCLUSÃO: O composto em Teste, aplicado por via tópica em úlceras cutâneas experimentalmente induzidas em ratos, não acelerou o processo de reparação recidual por segunda intenção.

Calcium plus linoleic acid therapy for pregnancy-induced hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of dietary supplementation of calcium plus conjugated linoleic acid (calcium-CLA) in reducing the incidence of vascular endothelial dysfunction in pregnant women at high risk of developing pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at 4 outpatient clinics in 2 developing countries recruited 48 healthy primigravidas younger than 19 years or older than 35 years who had a family history of pre-eclampsia and diastolic notch. Twenty-four participants received daily elemental calcium (600 mg) plus CLA (450 mg) and 24 received placebo from week 18 to 22 of pregnancy until delivery. RESULTS: Calcium-CLA supplementation reduced significantly the incidence of PIH (2 cases [8%] in the study group vs. 10 cases [42%] in the placebo group; relative risk, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.82; P=.01). Endothelial dysfunction was also significantly reduced after calcium-CLA supplementation (in 18 women [75%] vs. 4 women [17%]; P<.001), compared with the placebo group (in 15 [63%] vs. 9 women [38%]; P=.08). CONCLUSION: In pregnant women at high risk for PIH, calcium-CLA supplementation decreases the incidence of PIH and improves endothelial function.

Efectos de la suplementacion oral con calcio y ácido linoleico conjugado en primigrávidas de alto riesgo / Effects of calcium and linoleic acid conjugated diet in pregnancy of high risk

Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de dosis bajas de calcio elemental y ácido linoleico conjugado sobre los niveles plasmáticos de tromboxano B2, insulina, aldosterona, GMP cíclico, proteína C reactiva ultrasensible y la eficacia del tratamiento en la prevención de la hipertensión arterial inducida por el embarazo. Métodos: En un ensayo clínico doble ciego, controlado con placebo se estudiaron a 48 primigrávidas con alto riesgo para desarrollar preeclampsia con dosis diarias de calcio elemental (600 mg) y ácido linoleico conjugado (450 mg) (n=24) ó 450 mg de talco y 600 mg de lactosa como placebo (n=24) desde la semana 18-22 hasta el parto. Resultados: Dos mujeres en el grupo experimental (8.3/100) desarrollaron hipertensión arterial inducida por el embarazo comparado con 10 (41.7/100) mujeres controles (riesgo relativo 0.20, IC 95/100 0.05-0.82, p=0.01). No se observaron diferencias entre los niveles plasmáticos después de 4 semanas de tratamiento ni efectos maternos o neonatales en ambos grupos. Conclusiones: La administración de dosis bajas de calcio elemental y ácido linoleico conjugado redujo significativamente la incidencia de hipertensión arterial inducida por el embarazo en mujeres embarazadas de alto riesgo sin efectos colaterales atribuibles a la intervención y sin efecto sobre los niveles de tromboxano B2, insulina, aldosterona, GMP cíclico y la respuesta sistémica inflamatoria

Tratamento de úlceras crônicas de difícil cicatrizaçäo com ácido linoleico / Treatmento of chronics ulcers of difficult cicatrization with linoleic acid

A reparaçäo tecidual e a cicatrizaçäo de feridas säo processos complexos que envolvem resposta inflamatória, granulaçäo e remodelaçäo tecidual. Quando o processo da reparaçäo é prejudicado, a lesäo tende a tornar-se crônica. Este é um estudo randomizado, multicêntrico, duplo-cego e placebo-controlado, envolvendo 100 pacientes portadores de úlceras crônicas de diferentes etiologias. Seu objetivo foi verificar a capacidade do ácido linoleico (AL) estimular o tecido de granulaçäo e cicatrizar feridas crônicas, avaliando também os efeitos colaterais e a tolerabilidade do paciente ao tratamento. As lesões tratadas com ácido linoleico mostraram diferença significativa no desenvolvimento do tecido de granulaçäo e cicatrizaçäo por ANOVA com p < 0,001. Das úlceras tratadas com AL, 100 por cento granularam até a segunda semana e 90,4 por cento cicatrizaram. Das tratadas com placebo, 1,5 apresentaram tecido de granulaçäo na quarta semana e 1,5 por cento cicatrizaram. Näo se observou efeito colateral severo e o tratamento foi bem tolerado

Prevention of preeclampsia by linoleic acid and calcium supplementation: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of low doses of linoleic acid and calcium on prostaglandin (PG) levels and the efficacy of this treatment in the prevention of preeclampsia. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study we treated 86 primigravidas with risk factors for preeclampsia (high biopsychosocial risk [above 3 points], positive roll-over test, and high mean blood pressure [above 85 mmHg)] with daily doses of either 450 mg linoleic acid and 600 mg calcium (n=43) or 450 mg starch and 600 mg lactose placebo (n=43) during the third trimester of pregnancy. RESULTS: Four women in the experimental group (9.3%) developed preeclampsia compared with 16 (37.2%) controls (relative risk 0.25, 95% confidence interval 0.09, 0.69, P < .001). The median serum levels of PGE2 after 4 weeks of treatment increased by 106% in the experimental group (P=.03) and decreased by 33% in the control group (P=.02). The median ratio between thromboxane B2 and PGE2 decreased by 40% in the experimental group (P=.02) and increased by 18% in the control group (P=.14). No significant differences were observed in the median ratio between thromboxane B2 and 6-keto PGF1alpha in either group. No serious maternal or neonatal side effects of treatment occurred in either group. CONCLUSION: The administration of low daily doses of linoleic acid and calcium during the third trimester of pregnancy reduced the incidence of preeclampsia significantly in women at high risk, possibly by correcting the PGE2 levels.

Fórmulas infantiles: aporte lipídico y perfil de ácidos grasos / Infant formulas: fat intake and fatty acid profile

Introducción y objetivos: La ingestión de grasas durante el primer año de vida es fundamental no sólo para cubrir las necesidades energéticas sino también como fuente de nutrientes esenciales. Los objetivos del presente trabajo son los de evaluar el aporte de calorías grasas, ácido linoleico, relación ácido linoleico/ácido a-linolénico y agregado de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga en fórmulas infantiles. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un relevamiento de las fórmulas infantiles existentes en el mercado y se trabajó con información provista por los fabricantes. De las 34 fórmulas del mercado se seleccionaron 21 en base a leche de vaca y 4 a base de soja. Resultados: En todas las fórmulas el aporte de grasas se encontraba dentro de las cifras recomendadas. La mayoría tenía una relación ácido linoleico/ácido a-linolénico entre 5 y 15, de acuerdo a las recomendaciones, mientras que 5 de ellas la superaban. Ocho fórmulas presentaban un contenido de ácido linoleico fuera del rango recomendado. Sólo tres tenían ácido grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga adicionados. Conclusiones: Los altos niveles de ácido linoleico y de la relación ácido linoleico/ácido a-linolénico en algunas fórmulas así como la falta de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga en la mayoría, podrían influir sobre el metabolismo lipídico y las funciones del sistema nervioso. Sin embargo, antes de proponer su adición en forma generalizada, sería importante realizar estudios sobre la forma más adecuada de hacerlo, teniendo en cuenta su biodisponibilidad y eventuales efectos adversos

Fórmulas infantiles: aporte lipídico y perfil de ácidos grasos / Infant formulas: fat intake and fatty acid profile

Introducción y objetivos: La ingestión de grasas durante el primer año de vida es fundamental no sólo para cubrir las necesidades energéticas sino también como fuente de nutrientes esenciales. Los objetivos del presente trabajo son los de evaluar el aporte de calorías grasas, ácido linoleico, relación ácido linoleico/ácido a-linolénico y agregado de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga en fórmulas infantiles. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un relevamiento de las fórmulas infantiles existentes en el mercado y se trabajó con información provista por los fabricantes. De las 34 fórmulas del mercado se seleccionaron 21 en base a leche de vaca y 4 a base de soja. Resultados: En todas las fórmulas el aporte de grasas se encontraba dentro de las cifras recomendadas. La mayoría tenía una relación ácido linoleico/ácido a-linolénico entre 5 y 15, de acuerdo a las recomendaciones, mientras que 5 de ellas la superaban. Ocho fórmulas presentaban un contenido de ácido linoleico fuera del rango recomendado. Sólo tres tenían ácido grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga adicionados. Conclusiones: Los altos niveles de ácido linoleico y de la relación ácido linoleico/ácido a-linolénico en algunas fórmulas así como la falta de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga en la mayoría, podrían influir sobre el metabolismo lipídico y las funciones del sistema nervioso. Sin embargo, antes de proponer su adición en forma generalizada, sería importante realizar estudios sobre la forma más adecuada de hacerlo, teniendo en cuenta su biodisponibilidad y eventuales efectos adversos (AU)