Documentary research of clinical and epidemiological aspects of lymphoma in dogs treated at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro / Pesquisa documental dos aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos do linfoma em cães atendidos na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro

Lymphomas, malignant neoplasms that originate in the lymphocytes, have a high incidence in domestic animals. This paper aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiological findings of 200 cases of canine lymphoma evaluated over nine years (2011­2019) at the Oncology Service of the Veterinary Hospital at The Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. A majority of mixed-breed canines (84/200-42%) were observed, followed by the Labrador Retriever, Pitbull, and Rottweiler with similar incidence (15/200-7.5%). The average age was 7.7 years and the most affected canines were aged approximately 3 and 11 years old (146/200-73%). As for the anatomical classification, the cases classified as multicentric (131/200-65,5%) were the most common, followed by cases of the cutaneous form (44/200-22%), alimentary form (7/200 - 3.5%), mediastinal form (5/200-2.5%), and extranodal form (16/200-6,5%). Among extranodal cases were described cases of ocular involvement (5/200-2.5%), oral cavity involvement (4/200-2%), cardiac involvement (3/200-1.5%), and pulmonary involvement (1/200-0.5%). The clinical manifestation observed was related to the affected region in the different anatomical forms. More studies of this nature are needed to profile the disease presentation and contribute to clinical identification and diagnosis

Os linfomas são neoplasias malignas que se originam nos linfócitos, apresentando alta incidência em animais domés-ticos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever os achados clínicos e epidemiológicos de 200 casos de linfoma canino avalia-dos ao longo de nove anos (2011-2019) no Serviço de Oncologia do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. A maioria dos cães foi classificada como sem raça definida (84/200-42%), seguida pelo Labrador Retriever, Pitbull e Rottweiler com incidência semelhante (15/200-7,5%). A idade média foi de 7,7 anos e os caninos mais acometidos tinham aproximadamente 3 e 11 anos (146/200-73%). Quanto à classificação anatômica, os casos classificados como multicêntricos (131/200-65,5%) foram os mais comuns, seguidos pelos casos da forma cutânea (44/200-22%), forma alimentar (7/200 - 3,5 %), forma mediastinal (5/200-2,5%) e forma extranodal (16/200-6,5%). Entre os casos extranodais foram descritos casos de envolvimento ocular (5/200-2,5%), envolvimento da cavidade oral (4/200-2%), envolvimento cardíaco (3/200-1,5%) e envolvimento pulmonar (1/200-0,5 %). A manifestação clínica observada foi relacionada à região acometida nas diferentes formas anatômicas. Mais estudos dessa natureza são necessários para traçar o perfil de apresentação da doença e contribuir para a identificação e diagnóstico clínico

Linfoma canino: revision de literatura con enfasis en linfoma difuso de celulas B grandes / Canine lymphoma: literature review emphasizing on diffuse large B cell lymphoma / Linfoma canino: revisão de literatura com ênfase no linfoma difuso de grandes células B

Los linfomas no Hodgkin (LNH) son las neoplasias hematopoyéticas más comunes en los perros, sin embargo, su etiología no está bien conocida. Existen varios factores que pueden contribuir con su desarrollo, como cambios en el sistema inmunológico, factores ambientales y alteraciones genéticas. El cáncer puede ocurrir en cualquier edad, pero se sabe que afecta principalmente a animales de mediana edad y animales más viejos. Anatómicamente, el linfoma canino se puede clasificar en multicéntrico, digestivo, tímico, cútaneo y solitario, con cinco estadios clínicos y dos subestadios. En los últimos años se han utilizado diversas clasificaciones en humano, y se han propuesto para los animales domésticos. El inmunofenotipaje de los linfomas se ha incorporado a la mayoría de los sistemas actuales de clasificación, igualmente, la determinación de marcadores biológicos de proliferación y apoptosis. Los linfomas difuso de celulas B grandes (DLBCL) es el subtipo más común en el perro y en el hombre. Los DLBCL son neoplasias que están formadas por células linfoides B caracterizadas por un patrón de crecimiento difuso y pueden presentar por lo menos cinco variantes que están relacionados con diferentes patrones de comportamiento biológico, incluso en perros. Sin embargo, usualmente estos tumores se clasifican sólo como DLBCL sin tener en cuenta sus características morfológicas, su perfil [...]

Non Hodgkin lymphomas (LNHs) are the most common hematopoietic tumors of dogs. However, its etiology is not well established and there are many probable factors that may lead to its development such as immune system aberrations, environmental elements and genetic changes. The tumor may occur at any age but it predominantly affects middle age to elderly dogs. Canine lymphoma can be anatomically divided into multicentric, digestive, thymic, cutaneous or solitary and also into five clinical and two subclinical stages. Lately various human classifications and also one proposed for domestic animals have been used. Lymphoma immunophenotyping is incorporated into current classification systems as well as determination of biological markers for proliferation and apoptosis. Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent subtype both in dogs and humans. DLBCLs are tumors composed of lymphoid B cell characterized by a diffuse growth pattern. DLBCLs may present at least five variants which relates to different patterns of biological behavior including in dogs. However, routinely these tumors are only classified as DLBCLs without taking into account its morphologic characteristics, immunohistochemical profile and proliferation index. On account of this the World Health Organization (WHO) proposes that on research projects those variants are thoroughly investigated in order to [...]

Os linfomas não Hodgkin (LNHs) são as neoplasias hematopoiéticas mais comuns nos cães, no entanto, sua etiologia não está bem estabelecida e há diversos fatores que devem contribuir para seu desenvolvimento, como alterações no sistema imune, fatores ambientais e alterações genéticas. A neoplasia pode ocorrer em qualquer idade, mas afeta, predominantemente, animais de meia idade a idosos. Anatomicamente, os linfomas caninos podem ser classificados em: multicêntrico, digestivo, tímico, cutâneo e solitário, com cinco estágios clínicos e dois subestágios. Nos últimos anos, foram utilizadas diversas classificações humanas, além de classificação proposta para os animais domésticos. A imunofenotipagem dos linfomas está incorporada aos sistemas mais atuais de classificação, assim como a determinação da expressão de marcadores biológicos de proliferação e apoptose. O Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B (DLBCL) é o subtipo mais frequente, tanto no cão quanto em humanos. Os DLBCLs são neoplasias formadas por células linfoides B caracterizadas por um padrão de crescimento difuso e podem apresentar pelo menos cinco variantes que estão relacionadas com padrões distintos de comportamento biológico, inclusive nos cães. No entanto, rotineiramente, estes tumores são apenas classificados como DLBCLs sem considerar suas particularidades morfológicas, seu perfil imunoistoquímico e seu índice [...]

Linfoma canino: revision de literatura con enfasis en linfoma difuso de celulas B grandes / Canine lymphoma: literature review emphasizing on diffuse large B cell lymphoma / Linfoma canino: revisão de literatura com ênfase no linfoma difuso de grandes células B

Los linfomas no Hodgkin (LNH) son las neoplasias hematopoyéticas más comunes en los perros, sin embargo, su etiología no está bien conocida. Existen varios factores que pueden contribuir con su desarrollo, como cambios en el sistema inmunológico, factores ambientales y alteraciones genéticas. El cáncer puede ocurrir en cualquier edad, pero se sabe que afecta principalmente a animales de mediana edad y animales más viejos. Anatómicamente, el linfoma canino se puede clasificar en multicéntrico, digestivo, tímico, cútaneo y solitario, con cinco estadios clínicos y dos subestadios. En los últimos años se han utilizado diversas clasificaciones en humano, y se han propuesto para los animales domésticos. El inmunofenotipaje de los linfomas se ha incorporado a la mayoría de los sistemas actuales de clasificación, igualmente, la determinación de marcadores biológicos de proliferación y apoptosis. Los linfomas difuso de celulas B grandes (DLBCL) es el subtipo más común en el perro y en el hombre. Los DLBCL son neoplasias que están formadas por células linfoides B caracterizadas por un patrón de crecimiento difuso y pueden presentar por lo menos cinco variantes que están relacionados con diferentes patrones de comportamiento biológico, incluso en perros. Sin embargo, usualmente estos tumores se clasifican sólo como DLBCL sin tener en cuenta sus características morfológicas, su perfil [...](AU)

Non Hodgkin lymphomas (LNHs) are the most common hematopoietic tumors of dogs. However, its etiology is not well established and there are many probable factors that may lead to its development such as immune system aberrations, environmental elements and genetic changes. The tumor may occur at any age but it predominantly affects middle age to elderly dogs. Canine lymphoma can be anatomically divided into multicentric, digestive, thymic, cutaneous or solitary and also into five clinical and two subclinical stages. Lately various human classifications and also one proposed for domestic animals have been used. Lymphoma immunophenotyping is incorporated into current classification systems as well as determination of biological markers for proliferation and apoptosis. Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent subtype both in dogs and humans. DLBCLs are tumors composed of lymphoid B cell characterized by a diffuse growth pattern. DLBCLs may present at least five variants which relates to different patterns of biological behavior including in dogs. However, routinely these tumors are only classified as DLBCLs without taking into account its morphologic characteristics, immunohistochemical profile and proliferation index. On account of this the World Health Organization (WHO) proposes that on research projects those variants are thoroughly investigated in order to [...](AU)

Os linfomas não Hodgkin (LNHs) são as neoplasias hematopoiéticas mais comuns nos cães, no entanto, sua etiologia não está bem estabelecida e há diversos fatores que devem contribuir para seu desenvolvimento, como alterações no sistema imune, fatores ambientais e alterações genéticas. A neoplasia pode ocorrer em qualquer idade, mas afeta, predominantemente, animais de meia idade a idosos. Anatomicamente, os linfomas caninos podem ser classificados em: multicêntrico, digestivo, tímico, cutâneo e solitário, com cinco estágios clínicos e dois subestágios. Nos últimos anos, foram utilizadas diversas classificações humanas, além de classificação proposta para os animais domésticos. A imunofenotipagem dos linfomas está incorporada aos sistemas mais atuais de classificação, assim como a determinação da expressão de marcadores biológicos de proliferação e apoptose. O Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B (DLBCL) é o subtipo mais frequente, tanto no cão quanto em humanos. Os DLBCLs são neoplasias formadas por células linfoides B caracterizadas por um padrão de crescimento difuso e podem apresentar pelo menos cinco variantes que estão relacionadas com padrões distintos de comportamento biológico, inclusive nos cães. No entanto, rotineiramente, estes tumores são apenas classificados como DLBCLs sem considerar suas particularidades morfológicas, seu perfil imunoistoquímico e seu índice [...](AU)

Liquid-based cytology and cell block immunocytochemistry in veterinary medicine: comparison with standard cytology for the evaluation of canine lymphoid samples.

Liquid-based Cytology (LBC) consists of immediate wet cell fixation with automated slide preparation. We applied LBC, cell block (CB) and immunocytochemistry to diagnose canine lymphoma and compare results with conventional cytology. Samples from enlarged lymph nodes of 18 dogs were collected and fixed in preservative solution for automated slide preparation (LBC), CB inclusion and immunophenotyping. Two CB techniques were tested: fixed sediment method (FSM) and agar method (AM). Anti-CD79a, anti-Pax5, anti-CD3 and anti-Ki67 were used in immunocytochemistry. LBC smears showed better nuclear and nucleolar definition, without cell superposition, but presented smaller cell size and worse cytoplasmic definition. FSM showed consistent cellular groups and were employed for immunocytochemistry, while AM CBs presented sparse groups of lymphocytes, with compromised analysis. Anti-Pax-5 allowed B-cell identification, both in reactive and neoplastic lymph nodes. Our preliminary report suggests that LBC and FSM together may be promising tools to improve lymphoma diagnosis through fine-needle aspiration.

Resection of a large intra-abdominal tumor in the Mexican axolotl: a case report.

OBJECTIVE: This case report describes the surgical removal of an intra-abdominal tumor from a Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). The animal was admitted with left abdominal swelling that had increased over 4 months. METHODS: Surgical removal was performed under general anesthesia with MS222 under an operating microscope. Exploratory laparotomy was performed through 2.5 dorsocranial skin incision in the left flank, followed by subcutaneous dissection. RESULTS: The tumor involved the spleen, was adjacent to the descending colon, and supplied by vessels from the spleen, stomach, and colon. The mass was removed by clamping and transecting the spleen and the peritoneum was closed with a continuous suture pattern, while abdominal muscles and skin were closed in layers. After a total duration time of anesthesia of 90 minutes the animal was kept in prophylactic antibiotic baths. Tissue sections revealed characteristics of both lymphangiosarcoma and lymphosarcoma with an appearance typical for a malignant tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal surgery was performed in an axolotl and the surgical wound healed without complication.

Tumor venéreo transmissível canino com localização intra-ocular e metástase no baço / Canine transmissible veneral tumor with intra-ocular localization and spleen metastasis

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT), também denominado de Linfossarcoma de Sticker, é uma neoplasia de células redondas de origem mesenquimatosa, contagiosa, localizada principalmente na membrana mucosa da genitália externa de cães de ambos os sexos. O TVT pode existir como massa solitária ou lesões múltiplas, em formato de couve-flor, ou como formas pendulares, nodulares, papilares ou multilobulares. A avaliação citológica das lesões é uma ferramenta extremamente útil que pode ser realizada com rapidez e facilidade, baixo custo e com risco mínimo ao paciente. O presente trabalho relata o caso de um animal da espécie canina, sem raça definida, macho, de 4 anos de idade, com 13 quilos, atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), onde foi constatado durante o exame clínico TVT com localização no prepucio, além de cegueira total em decorrência da localização intra-ocular de uma massa avermelhada que se projetava para fora do globo ocular direito e esquerdo. O animal foi então encaminhado ao Laboratório de Patologia Animal da UFERSA para realização do exame anatomopatológico. Através das características microscópicas, permitiu-se a conclusão de TVT como lesão primária no prepucio com acometimento intra-ocular e metástase no baço.

The transmissible venereal tumor (TVT), also called Sticker's Lymphosarcoma, is a round-cells mesenquimatous contagious neoplasia, mainly located in the mucous membrane of both sex dog's external genitalia. The TVT may exist as a solitary mass or multiple injuries, in cauliflower format, or as pendular forms, nodular, papillary or multilobar ones. This work reports the case of a canine animal species, without defined race, male, 4 years old, 13 kilos, taken care of in the Veterinarian Hospital of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), where TVT, located in the prepuces, was evidenced during clinical examination, beyond total blindness in result of an intra-ocular colored mass that projected itself for out of the right and left ocular globe. Then the animal was directed to the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the UFERSA for accomplishment of the anatomopathological examination. Through the microscopical characteristics, TVT conclusion was allowed. It was a primary injury in the prepuces, with intra-ocular injuries and spleen metastasis.

Carmustine, vincristine, and prednisone in the treatment of canine lymphosarcoma.

A chemotherapeutic protocol using carmustine in combination with vincristine and prednisone was tested in dogs with multicentric malignant lymphosarcoma. Of seven dogs treated, six (85.7%) achieved complete remission. A partial response occurred in one dog. Median survival time was 224 days (mean 386 days), and median duration of remission was 183 days (mean 323 days). Marked neutropenia was observed following carmustine administration. There were no significant alterations in platelets and red blood cell counts during treatment, and no abnormalities attributable to the chemotherapy were found in serum biochemical profiles. Results of this study showed that carmustine is an effective alternative option in the treatment of canine lymphosarcoma.

Estudio comparativo entre las pruebas de ELISA e inmunodifunsión en el diagnóstico de la Leucosis Enzoótica Bovina / Comparative study of the agar gel immunodiffusion test and the ELISA test in the bovine enzootic lymphosarcoma

EL Linfosarcoma Enzoótico Bovino (LEB) es el problema neoplásico más común e importante por las pérdidas económicas que ocasiona, principalmente en el ganado lechero. En México escasea la información concerniente al LEB. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar la efectividad de las pruebas de Inmunodifusión en gel de agar y ELISA para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad en sueros de bovinos Holstein Friesian. Se formaron tres grupos de 10 animales cada uno y uno cuarto grupo con 15 animales. El primero consistió en animales seropositivos con leucocitosis persistentes (LP), el segundo en seropositivos sin presentación enzoótica de la enfermedad y sin LP, y el tercero con LEB, comparados con un grupo testigo de 15 animales clínicamente sanos y negativos serológicamente al Virus de la Leucosis Bovina (VLB). Se obtuvieron tres muestras sanguíneas de cada animal con intervalos de un mes para cada una. Las dos pruebas resultaron ser igualmente específicas. Los mayores títulos de anticuerpos se detectaron en el grupo 1, sin correlación directa entre éstos y la presentación de la enfermedad. Los títulos de anticuerpos detectados con la prueba de ELISA no variaron durante los tres muestreos de los grupos infectados.

Thoracic neoplasia in equids: 35 cases (1967-1987).

Thirty-two horses and 3 ponies had neoplasia involving the thoracic cavity. Lymphosarcoma of the thorax was found in 19 (54.2%) of the equids. The other 16 equids had metastatic adenocarcinoma (7 horses; 20%), metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (5 equids; 14.3%), metastatic hemangiosarcoma (3 equids; 8.6%) or undifferentiated sarcoma (1 horse; 2.9%). Thoracic neoplasia was diagnosed before death in 15 equids (42.9%).

Leucosis bovina / Bovine leucosis

The enzootic form of bovine lymphosarcoma is the most common malignancy of cattle, especially dairy cattle. Its etiological agent, the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is evolutionarily related to human T-cell leukemia viruses types I and II (HTLV and HTLV II). These three retroviruses share common structural and biological features that distingush them from other members of the retroviral family. BLV is widespread in the cattle population of most countries. However, clinical disease occurs much less frecuently and direct economic losses from morbidity and mortality are significant for individual cattle owners but not excessively burdensome to the cattle and meat packing industries. The primary economic loss to the cattle industry from bovine leukosis is tha actual and potential loss of export markets for cattle and semen. BLV can infect human and simian cells "in vitro", there is serological evidence that BLV infect chimpanzes and in the literature can be found circunstantial evidence for an association of bovine and human leukemia. There is hight incidence of BLV infectión in dairy cattle and the virus is excreted in milk. At present, no evidence had been found that BLV or infected cattle are human health hazards, however, any conclusion would be premature. To clarify this issue investigations applying the most sensitive methods will be necessary. Several sensitive and specific methods for the detection og BLV and BLV infected cattle have been developed. These include infectivity assays, serological tests, and molecular hydridization techniques. Since under natural conditions BLV is predominantly transmitted by contact and prenatural conditions BLV is predominantly transmitted by contact and prenatal infection occurs in less than 20% of calves born to infected dams, control and/or erradication programs wuld be feasibly