Saúde dos trabalhadores de enfermagem: revisando as estratégias de promoção à saúde / The health of nursing professionals: reviewing health promotion strategies / Salud de los trabajadores de enfermería: revisando las estrategias de promoción a la salud

Objective: The study's purpose has been to further understand the health promotion strategies towards nursing professionals. Methods: It is an integrative literature review with a qualitative approach, which is composed of 23 articles that answer the following guiding question: What are the health promotion strategies developed for nursing professionals? Results: The findings were gathered into four strategy groups, as follows: Promoting the Work Planning, which are based on regulating the workload and salary relationship; Promoting Knowledge, which are focused on the professional update through the use of technologies; Promoting Physical Activity, aiming to guarantee the access to physical exercise, both intra and extra the work environment; and, Promoting Integrative and Complementary Practices, indicating music therapy, relaxation techniques and yoga, which together with the other ones might contribute to reduce work stress, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular problems. Conclusion: The work planning can be considered the main strategy of health promotion for nursing professionals, since it is associated with the development of the others

Objetivo: Conhecer as estratégias de promoção à saúde para os trabalhadores de enfermagem. Método: Revisão integrativa composta por 23 artigos que respondem a questão norteadora: Quais as estratégias de promoção à saúde, desenvolvidas para os trabalhadores de enfermagem? Aplicou-se uma abordagem qualitativa. Resultados: As estratégias para Promoção da Organização do Trabalho pautam-se na regulação da relação carga de trabalho e salário. As do Conhecimento, na atualização profissional com uso de tecnologias. Já as da Atividade Física, na garantia do acesso ao exercício físico, intra e extra, ambiente de trabalho. As de Promoção de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares indica a musicoterapia, as técnicas de relaxamento e yoga, que em conjunto com as demais, contribuem para reduzir o estresse laboral e problemas musculoesqueléticos e cardiovasculares. Conclusão: A organização do trabalho pode ser considerada a principal estratégia de promoção à saúde para trabalhadores de enfermagem, pois a ela associa-se o desenvolvimento das demais

Objetivo: Conecer las estrategias de promoción a la salud para los trabajadores de enfermería. Método: Revisión integrativa compuesta por 23 artículos que responden a la cuestión orientadora: ¿Cuáles son las estrategias de promoción a la salud, desarrolladas para los trabajadores de enfermería? Se aplicó un enfoque cualitativo. Resultados: Las estrategias para Promoción de la Organización del Trabajo se basan en la regulación de la relación carga de trabajo y salario. Las del Conocimiento, en la actualización profesional con uso de tecnologías. Las de la Actividad Física, en la garantía del acceso al ejercicio físico, intra y extra, ambiente de trabajo. Las de Promoción de Prácticas Integrativas y Complementarias indica la musicoterapia, las técnicas de relajación y yoga, que en conjunto con las demás, contribuyen para reducir el estrés laboral y problemas musculoesqueléticos y cardiovasculares. Conclusión: La organización del trabajo puede ser considerada la principal estrategia de promoción a la salud para trabajadores de enfermería, pues a ella se asocia el desarrollo de las demás

Evaluación de impacto de las intervenciones de prevención en clientes / Assessment of the impact of prevention interventions in customers

Las prestaciones preventivas son fundamentales para prevenir accidentes laborales. Sin embargo, hasta ahora la Mutual (ACHS) en que se realiza el estudio no contaba con una metodología sistemática para su evaluación. Este trabajo presenta una metodología desarrollada por la organización (mutual) para evaluar las intervenciones preventivas, la cual está basada en Brodersen, K. H., Gallusser, F., Koehler, J., Remy, N., & Scott, S. L.1 Para cada empresa-sucursal se estiman los accidentes que habrían ocurrido de no haberse realizado intervenciones preventivas. Esta serie se compara con la serie real, y se calcula si son diferentes al 95 por ciento de confianza. De ser efectiva, se utiliza en un modelo de regresión lineal que estima el efecto marginal por tipo de intervención. Los supuestos de Brodersen et al.¹ se cumplen en la Mutual, justificando su utilización. Los resultados señalan que la "Capacitación sin propuesta Push", "Plan de acción del modelo preventivo" y "Primeros auxilios psicológicos" tienen efectos significativos en la reducción de accidentes. La "Capacitación con propuesta Push" y "Fuerza de tarea" no muestran efectos significativos. Estos resultados varían según el sector económico. Nuestra recomendación es adoptar esta metodología. También sugerimos implementar metodologías complementarias, para validar su idoneidad.

Preventive services are essential to prevent accidents. However, until now the Mutual did not have a systematic methodology for evaluation. This paper presents a methodology developed by the Mutual to evaluate preventive interventions. It is based on Brodersen, KH, Gallusser, F., Koehler, J., Remy, N., & Scott, SL (2013). For each company-branch, it was estimated accidents that may have occurred if preventive interventions would not have been performed. This series is compared to the actual series, and it is estimated if it is different to 95 percent of confidence. To be effective, it is used in a linear regression model that estimates the marginal effect by type of intervention. Brodersen et al.¹ Assumptions are met in the Mutual, justifying its use. The results indicate that "no proposal Training Push", "preventive action plan model" and "Psychological first aid" have significant effects in reducing accidents. "Training with proposal Push" and "task force" does not show significant effects. These results vary depending on the economic sector. Our recommendation is to adopt this methodology. We also suggest implementing complementary methodologies to validate their suitability.

Characterizing the low wage immigrant workforce: a comparative analysis of the health disparities among selected occupations in Somerville, Massachusetts.

BACKGROUND: This study estimates job-related risks among common low wage occupations (cleaning, construction, food service, cashier/baggers, and factory workers) held by predominantly Haitian, El Salvadorian, and Brazilian immigrants living or working in Somerville, Massachusetts. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional survey on immigrant occupational health was conducted between 2006 and 2009 and logistic regression was used to assess the job-related risks among the most common low wage occupations. RESULTS: Construction workers reported significantly higher health risks, and lower access to occupational health services than the other occupations. Compared to cashier/baggers, the reference population in this study, cleaners reported significantly lower access to health and safety and work training and no knowledge of workers' compensation. Factory workers reported significantly lower work training compared to cashier/baggers. Food service workers reported the least access to doctors compared to the other occupations. CONCLUSION: We found significant variability in risks among different low wage immigrant occupations. The type of occupation independently contributed to varying levels of risks among these jobs. We believe our findings to be conservative and recommend additional inquiry aimed at assuring the representativeness of our findings.

Condição de saúde bucal em trabalhadores atendidos no núcleo de saúde ocupacional de Campina Grande-PB / Oral health status of workers attended to at the Nucleus of Occupational Health in Campina Grande-PB

Objetivo: Avaliar a saúde bucal de trabalhadores atendidos no Núcleo de saúde ocupacional de Campina Grande/PB. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com uma amostra do tipo probabilística de 341 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 35 e 44 anos. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de uma ficha clínica, abordando os dados sócio-demográficos e aspectos clínicos sobre as condições de saúde bucal (índices CPO e CPI) sobre o uso e necessidade de prótese dentária. O exame foi realizado por um único examinador. Os dados foram analisados pelo Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)versão 13, os resultados apresentados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: Verificou-se predomínio do sexo masculino (91,8%) e da faixa etária de 35 a 37 anos (51,6%). O valor médio do CPOD foi de 15,5, com predomínio do componente cariado (9,7). As prevalências de sangramento gengival, cálculo dentário e bolsas profundas foram de 9,7%, 34,0% e 10,0%, respectivamente. Dos examinados, 80,1% necessitavam de algum tipo de prótese. Em relação ao uso de prótese, 31,7% usavam no arco superior e 4,4% no inferior. Conclusão: Diante dessa realidade torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de programas de atenção à saúde bucal em adultos, a fim de diminuir os danos causados e prevenir a continuidade da tendência à perda dentária.

Análise da assistência odontológica prestada por empresas da região metropolitana de Campinas / Analysis of dental care provided by companies in the metropolitan region of Campinas

Objetivo: analisar a existência e o tipo de assistência odontológica prestada por empresas da região metropolitana de Campinas, já que com o intuito de melhorar a qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores e diminuir o absenteísmo, muitas empresas têm serviços de odontologia assistencial, contratados ou conveniados para o seu atendimento clínico assim como de seus dependentes. Material e métodos: foi enviado questionário por correio eletrônico a 115 empresas de médio e grande porte cadastradas no Centro das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo e apenas 35 responderam. Resultados: 27 (77%) empresas oferecem o serviço de odontologia assistencial aos seus trabalhadores como benefício, sendo que a maioria contrata serviços de terceiros. A cooperativa odontológica foi a modalidade de prestadora de assistência odontológica contratada por 16 (67%) empresas. Foi identificada em apenas uma empresa a integração do cirurgião dentista à equipe do Serviço Especializado em Engenharia de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho. Das empresas pesquisadas, 13 (37%) relataram realizar algum tipo de atividade preventiva odontológica, sendo as palestras proferidas durante a Semana Interna de Prevenção de Acidentes de Trabalho a atividade mais prevalente (77%). Conclusão: a assistência odontológica para os funcionários é uma realidade nas empresas de médio e grande porte. No Brasil, esse benefício não é obrigatório, ficando a cargo de a empresa decidir por sua implantação ou não. Embora fiquem claros os benefícios que a implantação dos serviços de odontologia pode trazer para os trabalhadores, faltam dados mais tangíveis e atualizados acerca da saúde bucal do trabalhador. Seriam necessárias mais pesquisas para sanar essa lacuna.

Objective: to examine the existence and type of dental care provided by companies in the metropolitan region on Campinas. In order to improve the quality of life of workers and reduce absenteeism, many businesses have dental care services, contracted or convened to your clinical care as well as their dependents. Material and methods: questionnaire was sent by electronic mail to 115 companies of medium and large registered in Center of Industries of the State of São Paulo and only 35 responded. Results: 27 (77%) companies offer the service of dental care to their workers as a benefit, and that most hires services of others. The cooperative was the type of dental provider of dental care contracted by 16 (67%) companies. Has been identified in only one company the integration of the dentist of the team service specializes in safety and work medicine. Of the companies surveyed, 13 (37%) reported conducting some type of activity preventive dental, and the speeches given during the work accident prevention week activity more prevalent (77%). Conclusion: it is concluded that the dental assistance for workers is a reality in companies of medium and large. In Brazil, this benefit is not mandatory, leaving it to the company decides on its implementation or not. Although the benefits are clear that the deployment of dental services can bring to workers, there are more tangible and updated data on the oral health of the worker. More searches would be necessary to remedy this shortcoming.

Relación entre salud y renuncia al empleo en trabajadores de la industria maquiladora electrónica de Tijuana / The relationship between health and quitting work among electronic industry female workers in Tijuana

Objetivo. Analizar factores de salud, laborales y sociales que contribuyen a renunciar al trabajo en dos maquiladoras transnacionales del ramo electrónico de Tijuana. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte a 725 mujeres empleadas en una planta japonesa y una estadunidense, entre enero y 1992 y marzo de 1994. La muestra se estratificó en dos intervalos de tiempo ó 30 y > 30 días laborados. Se efectuó un seguimiento de las mujeres hasta su renuncia o final del periodo de observación, mediante la recolección de información sobre variables de salud, sociales y ocupacionales de diversas fuentes de registro obtenidas de su centro de trabajo. Los motivos de renuncia y la confiabilidad de los datos obtenidos de los registros se estudiaron por medio de entrevistas de seguimiento realizadas a 46 por ciento (n= 148) de las trabajadoras que renunciaron y fueron localizadas aproximadamente 12 meses (desviación estándar= 6.7) después de su renuncia. Resultados. La probabilidad acumulativa de renunciar al trabajo fue de 67 por ciento en el primer año y de 81 por ciento en el segundo. La ausencia de antecedentes laborales previos, turno diurno y nacionalidad de la compañía, resultaron factores predictivos para la renuncia al empleo durante los primeros 30 días. Tabaquismo, antecedentes quirúrgicos y haberse incapacitado por enfermedad general después de controlar por otras variables, actuaron como factores predictivos para la renuncia posterior a 30 días. En contraposición, la tasa de renuncia posterior a 30 días resultó menor para mujeres con enfermedades crónicas. Conclusiones. La renuncia al empleo en las maquiladoras es elevada y selectiva; en tanto que los factores ocupacionales se asociaron con la renuncia temprana, los relacionados con la salud fueron mejores factores predictivos para la renuncia posterior a los primeros 30 días

[The relationship between health and job quitting in female workers of the electronics assembly industry in Tijuana]. / Relación entre salud y renuncia al empleo en trabajadoras de la industria maquiladora electrónica de Tijuana.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the health, labor and social factors which contribute to quitting work in two transnational electronic parts factories in Tijuana, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cohort study of 725 women employed either at a Japanese or an American electronic parts factory in Tijuana was performed between January 1992 and March 1994. The sample was stratified in two time intervals < or = 30 or > 30 days of work. Follow up was continued until quitting or end of the observation period, by recollecting data regarding health, social and occupational variables from different logs and reports provided by the employer. Reasons for quitting and accuracy of data obtained from logs and reports were evaluated through a follow up interview applied to 46% (n = 148) of the women who had quit, and were located approximately 12 months after ceasing to work (SD = 6.7). RESULTS: The estimated cumulative probabilities of quitting were 67% during the first year and 81% during the second. Newcomers to the work force, a day shift and the company is nationality were predictors the of quitting within 30 days. Smoking, surgical antecedents and paid leave due to illness were predictors for quitting after 30 days. In contrast, quitting rate after 30 days was lower in women with a history of chronic disease. CONCLUSIONS: Quitting work is high and selective among workers female electronic factories. While occupational factors are associated with workers quitting early, health factors are stronger predictors for quitting after 30 days.

[The situational diagnosis of the medical units of Petróleos Mexicanos]. / Diagnóstico situacional de unidades médicas de Petróleos Mexicanos.

The Medical Service Management of Petróleos Mexicanos developed a situational diagnosis of 30 medical units in 1992. This evaluation covered 94 per cent of the institutional population. The basis for this evaluation was a formulary with more than 70 per cent closed questions and instructions with explicit explanations about them. The main points that the formulary investigated were: geography, demography, sociocultural and economics aspects, epidemiology, morbidity, mortality, preventive medicine, service availability and others. With this situational diagnosis we have been able to identify the main problems with a possible solution, presented in terms of planning, organization and execution of actions.

A study of the scope of occupational health services.

In order to define the scope of corporate occupational health services as they exist today, a questionnaire was designed and sent to members of the College's Society of Corporate Medical Services. Industries represented in the survey include manufacturing, utilities, transportation, communications, research and development, banking, insurance, and publishing. The emphasis in this report is on data indicating trends in the provision of services.

Relationship between health problems associated with working in the Kingston Free Zone and health services within the Free Zone

The aim of this study was to identify the health problems associated with working in the Kingston Free Zone, the types of health services found there and their adequacy, with a view to implement strategies to overcome the the problems. Health problems were associated with working in the Free Zone e.g respiratory and digestive problems were seen as a result of the working conditions found in the Free Zone. Health services were found to be adequate but under utilized. The need for implementation of a few programmes and health services were also identified, such as an occupational health programme and a dental service (AU)

Occupational health of midlife and older women in Latin America and the Caribbean

This paper explores a field in which there is not a reliable body of knowledge, even in North America. Large-scale occupational health studies have generally excluded women. Instead of a life-cycle approach, including midlife and older women workers, studies of women's exposure to occupational hazards have been largely ignored. ..... Problems associated with aging in Latin America and the Caribbean also receive too little attention as a focus for public policy, since care of the aged has traditionally been a family matter. Yet Jamaica, Uruguay, Barbados, Cuba, and Argentina have percentages of persons over 60 years of age comparable to those in developed countries. Changes in economic structure, increasing urbanization, greater longevity, lower fertility rates, and loosening of family ties and obligations due to migration and sociocultural changes are forcing these problems onto the public agendas of developing countries in the Region-hence, the importance of agencies like PAHO and nongovernmental organizations like AARP in identifying issues and cost-effective, culturally appropriate strategies to mitigate negative impacts and promote positive societal effects of these demographic changes (AU)