Technical-functional and surface properties of white common bean proteins (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): Effect of pH, protein concentration, and guar gum presence.

Legumes are abundant sources of proteins, and white common bean proteins play an important role in air-water interface properties. This study aims to investigate the technical-functional properties of white common bean protein isolate (BPI) as a function of pH, protein concentration, and guar gum (GG) presence. BPI physicochemical properties were analyzed in terms of solubility, zeta potential, and mean particle diameter at pH ranging from 2 to 9, in addition to water-holding capacity (WHC), oil-holding capacity (OHC), and thermogravimetric analysis. Protein dispersions were evaluated in terms of dynamic, interfacial, and foam-forming properties. BPI showed higher solubility (>80 %) at pH 2 and above 7. Zeta potential and mean diameter ranged from 15.43 to -34.08 mV and from 129.55 to 139.90 nm, respectively. BPI exhibited WHC and OHC of 1.37 and 4.97 g/g, respectively. Thermograms indicated decomposition temperature (295.81 °C) and mass loss (64.73 %). Flow curves indicated pseudoplastic behavior, with higher η100 values observed in treatments containing guar gum. The behavior was predominantly viscous (tg δ > 1) at lower frequencies, at all pH levels, shifting to predominantly elastic at higher frequencies. Equilibrium surface tension (γeq) ranged from 43.87 to 41.95 mN.m-1 and did not decrease with increasing protein concentration under all pH conditions. All treatments exhibited ϕ < 15°, indicating predominantly elastic surface films. Foaming properties were influenced by higher protein concentration and guar gum addition, and the potential formation of protein-polysaccharide complexes favored the kinetic stability of the system.

Native Mexican black bean purified anthocyanins fractionated by high-performance counter-current chromatography modulate inflammatory pathways.

In addition to their pigment properties, the potential health benefits of anthocyanins have made them a subject of interest in recent years. This study aimed to obtain purified anthocyanin fractions from native Mexican black bean cultivars using Amberlite XAD-7 resin column and HPCCC and evaluate their anti-inflammatory properties using RAW 264.7 cells. The major anthocyanins in the purified anthocyanin fractions were delphinidin 3-glucoside (61.8%), petunidin 3-glucoside (25.2%), and malvidin 3-glucoside (12.2%). Purified anthocyanin fractions at 12.5 µg/mL effectively prevented LPS-induced ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation and reduced the protein expression of COX-2 and mRNA expression of iNOS. Results showed that purified anthocyanin fractions have the potential to modulate the inflammatory response by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators through the ERK1/ERK2 and NF-κB pathways. This study suggests that anthocyanins from black beans could be used as a natural strategy to help modulate inflammation-associated diseases.

Common bean polyphenolic enriched extracts decrease reactive oxygen species induced by heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Hs27 and Hs68 human fibroblasts.

The increase of coarse particulate matter (PM10) due to industrialization and urban sprawl has been identified as a significant contributor to air pollution and a threat to human skin health and premature aging. The objective was to analyze the antioxidant effect of phenolic-enriched extracts (PHE) obtained from black bean (BB) and pinto bean (PB) varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pure phenolic compounds (rutin, catechin, and gallic acid) in two human dermal fibroblasts cell lines exposed to PM10. Petunidin-3-O-glucoside was the most abundant anthocyanin, with 57 ± 0.9 mg/g dry extract (DE) in PHE-BB. Gallic acid was the prevalent phenolic acid with 8.2 ± 2.8 mg/g DE in PHE-BB (p < 0.05). Hs27 and Hs68 cell lines were exposed to PM10 (100 µg/mL) to induce oxidative stress; PHE-BB reduced it by 69% ± 12 and PHE-PB by 80% ± 5 relative to PM10 treatment (p < 0.05). Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside showed the highest binding affinity in adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) with -9.0 kcal/mol and quercetin-3-D-galactoside with -6.9 kcal/mol in sirtuin 1 (Sirt1). Rutin increased the expression of Sirt1 by 30% (p < 0.05) in the Hs27 cell line treated with PM10. Common bean extracts can potentially reduce oxidative stress induced by PM10 in human dermal fibroblasts.

Kinetics characterization of a low immunogenic recombinant l-asparaginase from Phaseolus vulgaris with cytotoxic activity against leukemia cells.

l-asparaginases play a crucial role in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a type of cancer that mostly affects children and teenagers. However, it is common for these molecules to cause adverse reactions during treatment. These downsides ignite the search for novel asparaginases to mitigate these problems. Thus, this work aimed to produce and characterize a recombinant asparaginase from Phaseolus vulgaris (Asp-P). In this study, Asp-P was expressed in Escherichia coli with high yields and optimum activity at 40 °C, pH 9.0. The enzyme Km and Vmax values were 7.05 mM and 1027 U/mg, respectively. Asp-P is specific for l-asparagine, showing no activity against l-glutamine and other amino acids. The enzyme showed a higher cytotoxic effect against Raji than K562 cell lines, but only at high concentrations. In silico analysis indicated that Asp-P has lower immunogenicity than a commercial enzyme. Asp-P induced biofilm formation by Candida sp. due to sublethal dose, showing an underexplored potential of asparaginases. The absence of glutaminase activity, lower immunogenicity and optimal activity similar to physiological temperature conditions are characteristics that indicate Asp-P as a potential new commercial enzyme in the treatment of ALL and its underexplored application in the treatment of other diseases.

Common Beans as a Source of Amino Acids and Cofactors for Collagen Biosynthesis.

Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely consumed in diets all over the world and have a significant impact on human health. Proteins, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and other micro- and macronutrients are abundant in these legumes. On the other hand, collagens, the most important constituent of extracellular matrices, account for approximately 25-30 percent of the overall total protein composition within the human body. Hence, the presence of amino acids and other dietary components, including glycine, proline, and lysine, which are constituents of the primary structure of the protein, is required for collagen formation. In this particular context, protein quality is associated with the availability of macronutrients such as the essential amino acid lysine, which can be acquired from meals containing beans. Lysine plays a critical role in the process of post-translational modifications facilitated with enzymes lysyl hydroxylase and lysyl oxidase, which are directly involved in the synthesis and maturation of collagens. Furthermore, collagen biogenesis is influenced by the cellular redox state, which includes important minerals and bioactive chemicals such as iron, copper, and certain quinone cofactors. This study provides a novel perspective on the significant macro- and micronutrients present in Phaseolus vulgaris L., as well as explores the potential application of amino acids and cofactors derived from this legume in the production of collagens and bioavailability. The utilization of macro- and micronutrients obtained from Phaseolus vulgaris L. as a protein source, minerals, and natural bioactive compounds could optimize the capacity to promote the development and durability of collagen macromolecules within the human body.

Metabolomic analysis reveals stress tolerance mechanisms in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) related to treatment with a biostimulant obtained from Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Microbial biostimulants have emerged as a sustainable alternative to increase the productivity and quality of important crops. Despite this, the effects of the treatment on plant metabolism are poorly understood. Thus, this study investigated the metabolic response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) related to the treatment with a biostimulant obtained from the extract of Corynebacterium glutamicum that showed positive effects on the development, growth, and yield of crops previously. By untargeted metabolomic analysis using UHPLC-MS/MS, plants and seeds were subjected to treatment with the biostimulant. Under ideal growth conditions, the plants treated exhibited higher concentration levels of glutamic acid, nicotiflorin and glycosylated lipids derived from linolenic acid. The foliar application of the biostimulant under water stress conditions increased the chlorophyll content by 17% and induced the accumulation of flavonols, mainly quercetin derivatives. Also, germination seed assays exhibited longer radicle lengths for seeds treated compared to the untreated control even in the absence of light (13-18% increase, p-value <0.05). Metabolomic analysis of the seeds indicated changes in concentration levels of amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamine, and arginine) and their derivatives. The results point out the enhancement of abiotic stress tolerance and the metabolic processes triggered in this crop associated with the treatment with the biostimulant, giving the first insights into stress tolerance mechanisms in P. vulgaris.

Black and pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) unique mexican varieties exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential.

Oxidative stress and inflammation play a key role in diverse pathological conditions such as cancer and metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of crude extract (CE) and phenolic-enriched extract (PHE) obtained from the seed coats (SCs) of black bean (BB) and pinto bean (PB) varieties. Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (46 mg/g SC), malvidin-3-O-glucoside (29.9 mg/g SC), and petunidin-3-O-glucoside (7.5 mg/g SC) were found in major concentrations in the PHE-BB. Pelargonidin (0.53 mg/g SC) was only identified in the PHE-PB. PHE from both varieties showed antioxidant and radical scavenging capacities, with strong correlations associated with total phenolic content (TPC). Polyphenolics, including catechin, myricetin, kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin glucosides, were identified in the extracts. In terms of the anti-inflammatory potentials, PHE-PB had an IC50 of 10.5 µg dry extract/mL (µg DE/mL) for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition. The inhibition values for cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) ranged from 118.1 to 162.7 µg DE/mL. Regarding inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibition, PHE-BB had an IC50 of 62.6 µg DE/mL. As determined via in silico analysis, pelargonidin showed binding affinities of -7.8 and -8.5 kcal/mol for COX-1 and iNOS, respectively, and catechin had a value of -8.3 kcal/mol for COX-2. Phenolic-enriched extracts from seed coats of black and pinto beans showed good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential that warrants in vitro and in vivo studies.

Non-conventional starches isolated from agronomic-improved beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): a study of their structure and physicochemical properties.

BACKGROUND: Non-conventional starch sources are promising alternative food ingredients. Different bean varieties with agronomic improvements are constantly being developed and cultivated in the Northwestern Argentinean region (NOA) to increase yields and obtain high-quality seeds. However, the main attributes of their starches have not been studied. In this work, starches from four agronomic-improved bean cultivars were isolated and their structure and physicochemical properties were evaluated. RESULTS: High-purity starches were obtained, as shown by their low protein and ash content. Starch granules presented smooth surfaces with spherical to oval shapes, with a marked 'Maltese cross' and heterogeneous sizes. Their amylose content revealed a mean value of 318 g kg-1 and all presented resistant > slowly digestible > rapidly digestible starch fractions. Their Fourier transform infrared spectra were similar and X-ray diffraction analysis showed a CA -type pattern in all cases despite their different sources. Among thermal properties, Escarlata starch showed the lowest gelatinization peak temperature (69.5 °C) and Anahí starch the highest (71.3 °C). Starch pasting temperature varied from 74.6 to 76.9 °C, whereas peak viscosity and final viscosity showed a similar tendency, with Leales B30 < Anahí < Escarlata < Cegro 99/11-2 and Leales B30 < Anahí = Escarlata < Cegro 99/11-2, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study provides the basis for a better understanding of the characteristics of agronomic-improved NOA bean starches, enabling their use in product formulation as an alternative to starches from conventional sources. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Environmental variability in simultaneous selection of common bean for grain quality and mineral concentration traits

The selection of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines based on grain quality and mineral concentration traits will be more efficient if a minimum number of experiments is established. This study was carried out to determine whether grain quality and mineral concentration traits are significantly affected by the genotype × environment interaction; to estimate heritability and genetic gain in individual and combined experiments; and to select superior common bean lines considering a minimum number of experiments. A total of 17 common bean genotypes were evaluated in four experiments. Grain quality was determined through seven traits, and the concentration of six minerals was analyzed by acid digestion. Statistical analyses were completed using data obtained from both individual (I, II, III and IV) and combined (I and II; I, II and III; and I, II, III and IV) experiments. Except for the potassium concentration, all traits showed a significant genotype × environment interaction effect. Heritability and genetic gain estimates of grain quality and mineral concentration traits varied when the data were obtained from one or more experiments. Genetic gain may be inflated because of the data being based on one or two experiments. Four carioca bean (BRS MG Uai, LP 09-33, LEC 01-16 and Pérola) and four black bean (TB 02-19, CHP 04-239-52, TB 03-11 and IAC Netuno) genotypes were selected for their high grain quality and mineral concentration based on four experiments. Data from at least four experiments should be used to select common bean lines superior in grain quality and mineral concentration traits to increase the efficiency of simultaneous selection.

Partial Characterization of Lectins Purified from the Surco and Vara (Furrow and Rod) Varieties of Black Phaseolus vulgaris.

As they manifest specifically and reversibly, lectins are proteins or glycoproteins with the characteristic of agglutinating erythrocytes. Given that grain legume lectins can represent 10% of protein content and can have various biological functions, they are extensively studied. The objective of this work was to purify and partially characterize the lectins of Phaseolus vulgaris black, var surco and vara (LBBS and LBBV). Both lectin types were purified by affinity chromatography on stroma matrix, which agglutinated human erythrocytes type A, B, and O, as well as rabbit, hamster, pig, and chicken erythrocytes. Native-PAGE was employed for molecular mass determination, yielding 109.36 and 112.68 kDa for BBS and BBV, respectively. Further analyses revealed that these lectins are tetrameric glycoproteins that require Ca+2, Mn+2 and Mg+2 ions for exhibiting their hemagglutinating function, which can be inhibited by fetuin. Moreover, optimal pH was established for both lectins (10.5 for LBBS and 7-9 for LBBV), while their activity was temperature-dependent and ceased above 70 °C. Finally, the observed differences in the biochemical characteristics and bioactive functions were ascribed to the different physiological characteristics of each seed, as well as the protein itself.

Evaluation of inhibitory activity, purification and X-ray crystallography of Alpha-Amylase inhibitor from Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars of Uttarakhand, India.

The present work is based on analysis of inhibitory activity of alpha-amylase inhibitor in selected cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris of Uttarakhand. Fifteen samples were assessed for inhibitory activity of alpha-amylase inhibitor. Significant variations were found in different cultivars. Crude extract of alpha-amylase inhibitor from sample PUR (Purola) have shown maximum inhibitory activity (70.2 ± 0.84). Crude extract of all the cultivars have shown considerable variations in inhibitory activity in the temperature ranging from 20ºC to 100ºC. Based on inhibitory activity and heat stability profile, the alpha amylase inhibitor was purified from PUR cultivar. The purified inhibitor was found to be stable even at 90ºC with an inhibitory activity of 97.20 ±0.09. The molecular weight of purified inhibitor on Native PAGE (Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) was found to be 31kd, consisting of two subunits of 17kd and 14kd on SDS-PAGE.

Fluoride effect indicators in Phaseolus vulgaris seeds and seedlings.

Background: Fluoride (F) is one of the main environmental pollutants, and high concentrations are commonly detected in the air and in both surface and groundwater. However, the effects of this pollutant on seed germination and on the initial growth of crop seedlings are still poorly understood. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess morphoanatomical, physiological and biochemical fluoride effect indicators in Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds and seedlings. Methods: P. vulgaris seeds were exposed to a liquid potassium fluoride solution (KF, pH 6.0) at concentrations of 0 (control), 10, 20, 30 mg L-1 for 7 days. A completely randomized experimental design was applied, consisting of four treatments with four replications each. During the experimental period, physiological (7 days) anatomical and histochemical (2 days), biochemical and chemical (4 days) assessments. An analysis of variance was performed followed by Dunnett's test. to determine significant differences between the KF-exposed groups and control seeds; and a multivariate analysis was performed. Results: The germination parameters, and anatomical, morphological, physiological, biochemical and nutritional characteristics of the seedlings did not show negative effects from exposure to KF at the lowest doses evaluated. On the other hand, treatment with the highest dose of KF (30 mg L-1) resulted in a lower germination rate index and increase in abnormal seedlings, and higher electrical conductivity. A lower root length, magnesium content and photochemical efficiency were also observed. The exposure of P. vulgaris to KF, regardless the dose did not affect seeds anatomy and the accumulation of starch and proteins, in relation to the control group. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that P. vulgaris seedlings were tolerant to KF solutions up to 20 mg L-1, and sensitive when exposed to 30 mg KF L-1.

Attenuation of salt stress by lycopene on common bean seeds

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that adversely affects several physiological and biochemical aspects of plants. Antioxidants can be used as a potential remediation mechanism to promote plant resilience. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate increasing doses of the antioxidant lycopene on the germination and initial growth of common bean seedlings under conditions of salt stress. Seeds were treated with the following lycopene concentrations: 0.018; 0.036; 0.072; 0.144; and 0.288 g L-1 and two controls (negative and positive) and evaluated under two growth conditions (without and with salt stress) for physiological quality and pigment content. Data were analyzed by completely randomized design, in 2 x 7 factorial (two growth conditions, with paper towel moistened with water or salt solution x seven treatments, including five lycopene doses and two controls), in four replicates of 50 seeds by concentration. With the results of the analysis of variance, growth conditions (without and with salt stress) were compared by the Tukey test (5%), and the effects of lycopene doses were analyzed by polynomial regression. Lycopene promoted tolerance of bean seeds to salt stress and had a positive influence on the attenuation of salt harmful effects to the initial growth of seedlings, mainly at the doses of 0.072 g L-1 and 0.144 g L-1.(AU)

Biological contamination of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and its impact on food safety.

The occurrence of biological contaminants in common beans is a challenge for food safety, as they can affect the bean at different points in the production chain. Their presence can result in damage to the health of consumers through their direct toxic effect or by promoting nutritional deficiencies, in addition to decreasing the crop yield that has an economic impact. In this article, the information available in the literature on the occurrence of biological contaminants in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was organized to identify the main risks to food safety due to biological contamination. Research showed that many studies investigated the effects of microbial contaminants during the farming and harvested of beans and that some strategies have been used to avoid losses. The presence of toxigenic fungi and some mycotoxins have also been reported, indicating that common beans may carry thermostable toxic residues, directly impacting human health. Further studies are needed to identify the role of microorganisms in determining the quality of common beans and to estimate their risks to food safety. HighlightsBeans can be contaminated by biological agents.Plants infected with parasites may be highly susceptible to other contaminants.Micotoxicologic contamination is less prevalent in beans than other grains.There are strategies to decrease the risk of bacterial contamination in beans.

Black Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Polyphenolic Extract Exerts Antioxidant and Antiaging Potential.

Phenolic compounds present in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have been reported to possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) protective properties. UVR from sunlight, which consists of UV-B and UV-A radiations, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radical formation, consequently activating proteinases and enzymes such as elastase and tyrosinase, leading to premature skin aging. The objective of this work was to extract, characterize and evaluate the antioxidant and antiaging potential of polyphenols from a black bean endemic variety. The polyphenolic extract was obtained from black beans by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using CO2 with a mixture of water-ethanol as a cosolvent and conventional leaching with a mixture of water-ethanol as solvent. The polyphenolic extracts were purified and characterized, and antioxidant potential, tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory potentials were measured. The extract obtained using the SFE method using CO2 and H2O-Ethanol (50:50 v/v) as a cosolvent showed the highest total phenolic compounds yield, with 66.60 ± 7.41 mg GAE/g coat (p > 0.05) and 7.30 ± 0.64 mg C3GE/g coat (p < 0.05) of anthocyanins compared to conventional leaching. Nineteen tentative phenolic compounds were identified in leaching crude extract using ESI-QTOF. Quercetin-3-D-galactoside was identified in crude and purified extracts. The purified SFC extract showed IC50 0.05 ± 0.002 and IC50 0.21 ± 0.008 mg/mL for DPPH and ABTS, respectively. The lowest IC50 value of tyrosinase inhibition was 0.143 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 0.005 ± 0.003 mg/mL of elastase inhibition for leaching purified extract. Phenolic compounds presented theoretical free energy values ranging from -5.3 to -7.8 kcal/mol for tyrosinase and -2.5 to -6.8 kcal/mol for elastase in molecular docking (in silico) studies. The results suggest that the purified extracts obtained by SFE or conventional leaching extraction could act as antioxidant and antiaging ingredients for cosmeceutical applications.

Phaseolin, a Protein from the Seed of Phaseolus vulgaris, Has Antioxidant, Antigenotoxic, and Chemopreventive Properties.

The present report was designed to determine the antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects of phaseolin (isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris) against mouse colon and liver damage induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and its colon chemopreventive effect. Eight groups with 12 mice each were utilized for an eight-week experiment: the control group was intragastrically (ig) administered 0.9% saline solution; the positive control group was intraperitoneally (ip) injected with 7.5 mg/kg AOM twice a week (weeks three and four of the experiment); three groups were ig administered each day with phaseolin (40, 200, and 400 mg/kg); and three groups were ig administered phaseolin daily (40, 200, and 400 mg/kg) plus 7.5 mg/kg AOM twice a week in weeks three and four of the experiment. The results showed that phaseolin did not produce oxidative stress, DNA damage, or aberrant crypts; in contrast, 100% inhibition of lipoperoxidation, protein oxidation, and nitrites induction generated by AOM was found in both organs, and DPPH radical capture occurred. The two highest phaseolin doses reduced DNA damage induced by AOM in both organs by more than 90% and reduced the AOM-induced aberrant crypts by 84%. Therefore, our study demonstrated the strong in vivo antioxidant, antigenotoxic, and chemopreventive potential of phaseolin.

Sources and rates of nitrogen on the nutrition and productive performance of determinate growth habit snap bean / Fontes e doses de nitrogênio na nutrição e desempenho produtivo de feijão-vagem de crescimento determinado

Snap bean is a vegetable crop presenting high requirements of mineral nutrients, such as nitrogen (N). However, studies on the response of this crop to N fertilizationare scarce, mainly with determinate growth habit genotypes, making it difficult to manage thisnutrient supply. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen nutrition and the productive performance of snap bean withdeterminate growth habit as a function of N sources and rates. The experiment was carried out inpots, under greenhouse conditions, inaEutrophicRed Oxisolwith 36.60 g dm-3of soil organic matter content.The cultivar ‘MacarrãorasteiroTopSeedwas grownin a completely randomized design at factorial scheme 3x4, with four replications. It was studied three sources of N (urea, ammonium sulfate and sulfammo) and four rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1), applied20% at sowing time, 40% at 12 days after emergence (DAE) and 40% at 20 DAE.It was evaluatedthe N content of the index leafandtheNaccumulationinshoots, the plant height at the endof the cycle and the number, total fresh mass, mean fresh mass and mean length of pods.The N content of the index leaf and N accumulation in shoots were linearly increased by the N rates, regardless of the N source, while the plant height and the pods characteristics werenotinfluenced by anyof the factors studied.(AU)

O feijão-vagem é uma hortaliça que apresenta elevada demanda por nutrientes minerais, dentre eles o nitrogênio (N). No entanto, são escassos os estudos de resposta da cultura à adubação nitrogenada, principalmente para cultivares de crescimento determinado, dificultando o manejo de fornecimento do nutriente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a nutrição nitrogenada e o desempenho produtivo de feijão-vagem de crescimento determinado em função de fontes e doses de N. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos, sob condições de casa de vegetação, em Latossolo Vermelhoeutróficocom teor de matéria orgânica de 36,60 g dm-3. A variedade ‘Macarrão rasteiro TopSeedfoi cultivada em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com esquema fatorial 3x4, com quatro repetições. Estudaram-se três fontes de N (ureia, sulfato de amônio e sulfammo) e quatro doses (0, 40, 80 e 120 kg N ha-1), parceladas 20% na semeadura, 40% aos 12 dias após a emergência (DAE) e 40% aos 20 DAE das plântulas. Foram avaliados o teor de N na folha-índice, o acúmulo de N na parte aérea, a altura das plantas ao final do ciclo, o número, a massa fresca total, a massa fresca médiae o comprimento médio das vagens. O teor foliar e o acúmulo de N na parte aérea das plantas foi aumentado linearmente com as doses, independente da fonte utilizada, enquanto a altura das plantas e as características relacionadas às vagens não foram influenciadas por nenhum dos fatores estudados.(AU)

Sources and rates of nitrogen on the nutrition and productive performance of determinate growth habit snap bean / Fontes e doses de nitrogênio na nutrição e desempenho produtivo de feijão-vagem de crescimento determinado

Snap bean is a vegetable crop presenting high requirements of mineral nutrients, such as nitrogen (N). However, studies on the response of this crop to N fertilizationare scarce, mainly with determinate growth habit genotypes, making it difficult to manage thisnutrient supply. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen nutrition and the productive performance of snap bean withdeterminate growth habit as a function of N sources and rates. The experiment was carried out inpots, under greenhouse conditions, inaEutrophicRed Oxisolwith 36.60 g dm-3of soil organic matter content.The cultivar ‘Macarrãorasteiro’TopSeedwas grownin a completely randomized design at factorial scheme 3x4, with four replications. It was studied three sources of N (urea, ammonium sulfate and sulfammo) and four rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1), applied20% at sowing time, 40% at 12 days after emergence (DAE) and 40% at 20 DAE.It was evaluatedthe N content of the index leafandtheNaccumulationinshoots, the plant height at the endof the cycle and the number, total fresh mass, mean fresh mass and mean length of pods.The N content of the index leaf and N accumulation in shoots were linearly increased by the N rates, regardless of the N source, while the plant height and the pod’s characteristics werenotinfluenced by anyof the factors studied.

O feijão-vagem é uma hortaliça que apresenta elevada demanda por nutrientes minerais, dentre eles o nitrogênio (N). No entanto, são escassos os estudos de resposta da cultura à adubação nitrogenada, principalmente para cultivares de crescimento determinado, dificultando o manejo de fornecimento do nutriente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a nutrição nitrogenada e o desempenho produtivo de feijão-vagem de crescimento determinado em função de fontes e doses de N. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos, sob condições de casa de vegetação, em Latossolo Vermelhoeutróficocom teor de matéria orgânica de 36,60 g dm-3. A variedade ‘Macarrão rasteiro’ TopSeedfoi cultivada em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com esquema fatorial 3x4, com quatro repetições. Estudaram-se três fontes de N (ureia, sulfato de amônio e sulfammo) e quatro doses (0, 40, 80 e 120 kg N ha-1), parceladas 20% na semeadura, 40% aos 12 dias após a emergência (DAE) e 40% aos 20 DAE das plântulas. Foram avaliados o teor de N na folha-índice, o acúmulo de N na parte aérea, a altura das plantas ao final do ciclo, o número, a massa fresca total, a massa fresca médiae o comprimento médio das vagens. O teor foliar e o acúmulo de N na parte aérea das plantas foi aumentado linearmente com as doses, independente da fonte utilizada, enquanto a altura das plantas e as características relacionadas às vagens não foram influenciadas por nenhum dos fatores estudados.

Rice and common bean blends: Effect of cooking on in vitro starch digestibility and phenolics profile.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of in vitro digestion of rice and common bean blends on phenolics content and profile. Black and carioca beans were used as common bean sources. Blends consisted of 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 polished rice:beans (w/w). Pure rice or pure beans were also analyzed. Phenolic compounds were determined in raw, cooked, and digested samples. The glucose release through in vitro digestion was slower as the proportion of black beans or carioca beans increased. Starch digestibility ranged between 41.1 in 100% carioca bean to 84.4% in 100% rice. Hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, catechin, and epicatechin were the most abundant phenolics detected in the studied samples. Considering the content of phenolic compounds determined in the raw, cooked, and digested grains, only a small fraction was available for absorption in the gut, with amounts varying from 0.1 to 0.6 µg·g-1.

Six months under uncontrolled relative humidity and room temperature changes technological characteristics and maintains the physicochemical and functional properties of carioca beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Carioca beans contribute to health maintenance around the world, and the evaluation of commercial postharvest storage (CPS) ensures their quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CPS on technological, physicochemical and functional properties of carioca beans. Two genotypes (Pontal-PO and Madreperola-MP beans) were stored under CPS or controlled conditions and were evaluated after harvest and after three- and six-months storage. PO and MP hardened with time, but the cooking time did not differ. PO is darker than MP and both darkened over time. Storage time affected pH and acidity of the beans and MP presented better physicochemical properties than PO, with lower activity of peroxidase (p = 0.004) and polyphenoloxidase (p = 0.001) enzymes. Glycosylated kaempferol was suggested as a possible chemical marker to differentiate the aging of PO and MP beans. In conclusion, besides the technological differences, the storage was able to prevent physicochemical and functional alterations of beans.