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1.
Acta Trop ; 188: 132-137, 2018 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30098309

ABSTRACT

The snail Biomphalaria glabrata is the most important vector for Schistosoma mansoni. Control of this vector to prevent the spread of schistosomiasis is currently performed with the application of a niclosamide molluscicide, which is highly toxic to the environment. Screening of substances that show embryotoxic molluscicidal potential as well as have detrimental effects on cercariae is very relevant for the control of schistosomiasis, as the efficacy of prevention of the disease is increased if it acts as a molluscicide as well as on the cercariae of S. mansoni. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of potassium usnate derived from usnic acid on different stages of embryonic development of B. glabrata and on S. mansoni cercariae. After 24 h of exposure, potassium usnate showed embryotoxic activity across all embryonic stages. The values obtained from the LC50 for the embryonic stages were the following: blastula 5.22 µg/mL, gastrula 3.21 µg/mL, trochophore 3.58 µg/mL, veliger 2.79, and hippo stage 2.52 µg/mL. Against S. mansoni cercariae, it had LC90 and 100% mortality at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 µg/mL in 2 h of exposure. In conclusion, this is the first report of potassium usnate toxicity on the embryonic stages of B. glabrata and cercariae of S. mansoni, and this study shows the potassium usnate as a promising agent for the control of mansoni schistosomiasis.


Subject(s)
Benzofurans/toxicity , Biomphalaria/drug effects , Molluscacides/toxicity , Schistosomiasis mansoni/prevention & control , Animals , Biomphalaria/embryology , Disease Vectors , Potassium/toxicity , Schistosomiasis mansoni/transmission
2.
Hig. aliment ; 29(250/251): 152-155, nov.-dez. 2015. ilus
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-17958

ABSTRACT

O pão é um dos alimentos mais difundidos e se constitui em uma das principais fontes calóricas da dieta do brasileiro. Ao longo do tempo o pão foi se aperfeiçoado, ganhou novas formulações e processos, adaptando-se às culturas e necessidades do homem. Os avanços tecnológicos permitiram a substituição ou a agregação de aditivos em busca de uma melhor qualidade. A utilização do bromato de potássio como aditivo alimentar na indústria de panificação tem sido praticada desde o início do século como uma mistura de sais melhoradores de pães. No entanto, foram evidenciados efeitos danosos à saúde em animais de laboratório. Portanto, diante do grande consumo de pão francês e o potencial risco carcinogênico neste, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a presença de bromato de potássio em pães franceses, produzidos e comercializados em panificadoras da cidade de Mossoró - RN. Para isto foram coletadas 30 amostras de pães franceses de diferentes panificadoras no período de outubro a novembro de 2014. As amostras coletadas foram transportadas sob condições assépticas para o Laboratório de Alimentos da Universidade Potiguar -UNP, campus Mossoró, onde foram analisadas. Com o resultado pode-se observar que das trinta amostras coletadas nas padarias 60% deram positivo para análise qualitativa de bromato e 40% deram negativo. Portanto, há a necessidade de um efetivo controle dos estabelecimentos que produzem e comercializam este tipo de produto, cabendo à vigilância sanitária garantir o cumprimento da legislação vigente.(AU)


Currently the bakery segment in Brazil is composed mostly of small and medium companies, representing approximately 95% overall, including patisseries, bakeries being responsible for 85% of the bakery market in Brazil. Raw material of bread, wheat, cereal is greater acceptance of the most consumed worldwide, and wheat, which has greater acceptance. Bread is one of the most widespread food and constitutes one of the main caloric sources of the Brazilian diet. The annual per capita consumption of French bread is 18,4 kg, second only to the polished rice, which is 26,5 kg. Over time the bread was perfect, he gained new forms, formulations and processes, adapting to the culture and needs of man. Technological advances have allowed the substitution or addition of additives in search of a better quality. The main food additives are used in baking emulsifiers, oxidising agents, acidity regulators and stabilizers. The use of potassium bromate as a food additive in the baking industry has been practiced since the beginning oft he century, was the first patent filed in 1915, as a mixture of salts of bread improvers. However, were shown adverse health effects in laboratory animals. Therefore, before the great French bread consumption and the potential carcinogenic risk in consumption, this study aims to determine the presence of potassium bromate in bread French, produced and sold in bakeries in town of Mossley - RN.(AU)


Subject(s)
Bread/analysis , Food Additives , Bromates/toxicity , Potassium/toxicity , Food Samples , Brazil
4.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz (Online) ; 73(2): 233-237, abr.-jun. 2014. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: lil-782608

ABSTRACT

O setor de panificação no Brasil tem realizado esforços para acompanhar as tendências de um mercadoexigente e competitivo, e uma das alternativas tem sido os agentes oxidantes. O bromato de potássio(KBrO3) é um agente oxidante que fortalece as cadeias de glúten. Apesar de benefícios tecnológicose econômicos, sua toxicidade como aditivo alimentar tem sido demonstrada. No Brasil o emprego doKBrO3 é proibido em qualquer quantidade nas farinhas e nos produtos de panificação. Foram investigadasamostras de pão Francês provenientes de 25 pontos comerciais, que foram analisadas em triplicatas,totalizando-se 75 ensaios. A determinação de bromatos foi realizada em duas etapas: primeiramente pelaprova de triagem utilizando-se o método analítico qualitativo, para identificar amostras positivas paraagentes oxidantes e, posteriormente, a determinação de BrO3- usando o reativo fucsina-bissulfito. Em todasas amostras foram detectados agentes oxidantes. Na análise confirmatória de bromato, foi identificadaa presença deste aditivo em amostras de seis estabelecimentos dos 25 analisados, correspondendo àfrequência de 24 % nas amostras examinadas. Este estudo mostra que apesar da proibição do emprego deKBrO3 em produtos de panificação, há ainda o uso deste componente pelos estabelecimentos comerciais,e isto representa risco à saúde da população...


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Additives , Bromates/toxicity , Food Pollutants, Chemical , Food Contamination , Potassium/toxicity , Bread/analysis
5.
Ecotoxicology ; 20(1): 88-96, 2011 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20978846

ABSTRACT

In this study, the toxicities of sodium and potassium to the tropical freshwater cladoceran Pseudosida ramosa were assessed. Acute toxicity tests on this species showed that the 48-h LC(50) of Na(+) was 556 mg l(-1), while that of K(+) was 17.7 mg l(-1). Long-term exposure of female P. ramosa to sodium reduced the total number of survivors from 10 to 6 at a concentration of 249 mg l(-1), 21-day fecundity from 20.4 to 14.3 eggs female(-1) at concentrations ranging from 72 to 249 mg l(-1), 21-day fertility from 20.1 to 6.5 neonates female(-1) at concentrations ranging from 25 to 249 mg l(-1). Furthermore, fecundity of each brood from the second to the fifth was significantly lower at 249 mg l(-1) and fertility of each brood from the first to the fifth at concentrations ranging from 25 to 249 mg l(-1). A significant decrease in fertility was associated with an increase in the number of aborted eggs. Long-term exposure to potassium decreased the 21-day fecundity of P. ramosa from 14.2 to 10.8 eggs female(-1) at a concentration of 11 mg l(-1) and fertility (fourth brood only) at 6.2 and 11 mg l(-1). Tropical reservoirs located near areas where the soil is overloaded with fertilizers and ferti-irrigation with vinasse already show concentrations of Na(+) and K(+) very close to those producing sub-lethal long-term effects on P. ramosa. A possible consequence is that organisms of the aquatic biota cannot adapt and freshwater taxa may become locally extinct, transferring dominance to salt-tolerant taxa.


Subject(s)
Cladocera/drug effects , Fresh Water/chemistry , Potassium/toxicity , Sodium/toxicity , Water Pollutants/toxicity , Animals , Female , Fertility/drug effects , Male , Time Factors , Toxicity Tests, Acute , Tropical Climate
6.
Rev. peru. biol. (Impr.) ; 14(1): 61-64, ago. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LIPECS | ID: biblio-1111163

ABSTRACT

Se evaluó in vivo los efectos de bromato de potasio (KBr03) sobre el desarrollo de embriones pre implantacionales de ratón. Ratonas preñadas fueron tratadas con una dosis única de KBr03 (68,5 mg/kg de peso corporal; n= 8) y un grupo control (C) tratado con agua destilada (n= 7) en el día1; al cuarto día de preñez, las hembras fueron sacrificadas, los embriones fueron extraidos de los oviductos y de los cuernos uterinos para la evaluación. El KBr03 produjo un retraso en el desarrollo embrionario, encontrándose un 76,9±7,8 y 11,2±5,5 en porcentaje de blastocistos y mórulas respectivamente en el C en comparación de un 34,8±11,2 y 49,3±11,9 de la misma relación en el grupo tratado, mostrando diferencias significativas(p0,05). En conclusión podemos decir que el KBr03 produce un efecto dañino sobre el embrión, causando retraso en su desarrollo.


The effect of potassium bromate (KBr03)on pre implantation mouse embryo development was evaluated in vivo. Pregnant mice were treated with unique dose of KBr03 (68,5 mg/kg of corporalweight; n= 8) and a control (C) provided with distilled water (n= 7) on day 1; at the fourth day ofpregnancy, females were sacrificed, embryos were flushed from oviducts and uterine horns for evaluation. KBr03 causes a delay in the embryonic development, 76,9±7,8 y 11,2±5,5 percent of blastocyst and morulaes respectively in the control group comparing with 34,8±11,2 y 49,3±11,9 percent of the same relation in the treated group, showing significative difference (p0,05). In conclusion we can say that KBr03 produces a harmful effect on the embryo causinga delay on its development.


Subject(s)
Animals , Blastocyst , Bromates , Mice , Potassium/toxicity
7.
Brain Res ; 983(1-2): 237-41, 2003 Sep 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12914987

ABSTRACT

We investigated the effects of epinephrine on the reversible nerve conduction block induced by high [K(+)](o) using electrophysiological extracellular recordings in the isolated rat sciatic nerve in vitro. Bath application of 400 micro M epinephrine (EN) or norepinephrine (NE) reduced the high-potassium-induced compound action potentials (CAPs) blockage in both sensory and motor fibers. The beta-adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol mimicked the EN effect while the alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists phenylephrine and guanfacine did not affect the CAPs reduction. Addition of EN to normal ACSF partially reversed the nerve conduction blockage induced by high frequency stimulation. These results suggest that EN and NE modulate the electrophysiological properties of both sensory and motor axons, and they improve the nerve conduction under high [K(+)](o) by modulating nerve excitability.


Subject(s)
Adrenergic Agonists/pharmacology , Epinephrine/pharmacology , Neural Conduction/drug effects , Potassium/antagonists & inhibitors , Potassium/toxicity , Sciatic Nerve/drug effects , Action Potentials/drug effects , Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology , Animals , Axons/drug effects , Electrophysiology , Guanfacine/pharmacology , Isoproterenol/pharmacology , Male , Motor Neurons/drug effects , Neurons, Afferent/drug effects , Phenylephrine/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sciatic Nerve/cytology
8.
Genet. mol. biol ; Genet. mol. biol;22(4): 551-5, Dec. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-254987

ABSTRACT

As evidências de que a aneuploidia durante a mitose pode ser um fator na etiologia de malignidades somáticas estäo cada vez mais fortes. A análise de alteraçöes em anáfase-telófase da mitose é um teste útil para a avaliaçäo da capacidade aneuploidogênica e clastogênica de substâncias químicas. Vários metais têm sido identificados como carcinogênicos para o homem e para animais. Contudo, os mecanismos de açäo permanecem obscuros. No presente estudo, a capacidade aneugênica e clastogênica do sulfato de cádmio, do dicromato de potássio e do cloreto de níquel foi analisada usando o teste anáfase-telófase. Células do ovário do hamster chinês cultivadas por dois ciclos foram tratadas com o composto desejado por 8 horas antes da colheita das células. Foram quantificadas as freqüências de células com pontes de cromatina, lagging cromossomos e lagging fragmentos cromossômicos. O índice mitótico foi determinado pela contagem do número de células em mitose por 1000 células em cada lamínula e foi expresso como uma porcentagem do número de placas mitóticas. A análise estatística foi feita usando o método "G". Análises de correlaçäo e de regressäo foram realizadas para avaliar as variaçöes do índice mitótico. O crômio e o cádmio foram clastogênicos e aneugênicos e aumentaram as freqüências dos três tipos de aberraçöes avaliadas; o níquel teve apenas atividade aneugênica porque ele aumentou a freqüência de lagging cromossomos. Estes resultados indicam que o teste anáfase-telófase é sensível o suficiente para detectar as relaçöes dependentes da dose que podem distinguir as atividades clastogênicas e/ou aneugênicas e que os resultados obtidos usando o teste anáfase-telófase foram semelhantes aos obtidos pela contagem cromossômica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Anaphase , Cadmium/toxicity , Cricetinae , Nickel/toxicity , Potassium/toxicity , Telophase , Aneuploidy , Cell Culture Techniques , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Mutagenicity Tests
10.
Miner Electrolyte Metab ; 16(4): 197-201, 1990.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2277603

ABSTRACT

The intracellular alkalinization produced when extracellular potassium concentration is increased above its normal levels was studied in the rat diaphragm muscle by determination of the steady-state distribution of [14C]-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione (DMO). Replacement of external Na+ with sucrose and Mg2+ or N-methyl-D-glucamine prevented the rise in intracellular pH. Amiloride (1 mM) also abolished the elevation of intracellular pH, while the removal of external Cl- (replaced by gluconate) or addition of 0.1 mM 4-acetamido-4'-diisothyocyanostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (DIDS) did not prevent intracellular alkalinization from taking place. These results suggest that in the rat diaphragm muscle a Na(+)-dependent, amiloride-sensitive transport mechanism, perhaps Na+/H+ exchange, plays a major role in the K(+)-induced intracellular alkalinization. This mechanism might account for the metabolic acidosis produced by hyperkalemia.


Subject(s)
4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Alkalosis/chemically induced , Amiloride/pharmacology , Diaphragm/drug effects , Potassium/toxicity , 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid , 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid/pharmacology , Animals , Cell Membrane/drug effects , Cell Membrane/metabolism , Chlorides/metabolism , Diaphragm/metabolism , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Male , Muscles/drug effects , Muscles/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Sodium/pharmacology
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