Medidas coercitivas desde el punto de vista psicológico del paciente / Coercive measures from patients' psychological point of view

Introducción: se han hallado dos herramientas de evaluación fiables y válidas que miden las repercusiones psíquicas que las técnicas coercitivas tienen sobre los pacientes mentales. La existencia de estas herramientas habilita la continuidad en la investigación sobre la temática. Objetivo: revisar las preferencias de los pacientes de las instituciones de salud ante las distintas medidas coercitivas. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática en bases de datos digitales y otras fuentes. Se realizó revisión por pares de los trabajos, utilizando como criterio temático de inclusión, la pertinencia en los temas a tratar. Tras el examen del resumen, cuerpo y conclusiones, se seleccionaron aquellos cuyo contenido se refería a: (1) las vivencias de los pacientes y personal cuando se aplicaban las medidas coercitivas; (2) preferencias de los pacientes sobre estas; (3) medidas preventivas; y (4) cuidados necesarios. Desarrollo: Los estudios revisados apuntan al peligro ético que desarrolla el uso o la mala aplicación de estos protocolos coercitivos. Se debe tener en cuenta que la integridad física del personal sanitario también corre peligro en el tratamiento de pacientes psiquiátricos. En esta disyuntiva entre preservación de la dignidad del paciente y seguridad del personal, han sido propuestas diversas medidas tanto accesorias/compensatorias como sustitutivas de estas técnicas perjudiciales para la salud mental de los pacientes. Conclusiones: La comunicación entre el personal que implementa estas medidas y el paciente que las recibe, es esencial para una buena alianza terapéutica y el correcto desarrollo del tratamiento(AU)

Introduction: Two reliable and valid assessment tools have been found that measure the psychic impact of coercive techniques on mental patients. The existence of these tools enables continuity in research on the subject. Objective: This paper reviews the preferences of the patients of the health institutions about different coercive measures. Methods: A systematic bibliographic search was carried out in digital databases and other sources. Peer review of the works was carried out, using as a thematic criterion of inclusion, the relevance in the topics to be treated. After examining the summary, body and conclusions, those whose content referred to were selected: (1) the experiences of the patients and staff when the coercive measures were applied; (2) patients' preferences about these; (3) preventive measures; and (4) necessary care.. Body: The studies reviewed point to the ethical danger that leads to the use or misapplication of these coercive protocols. It should be taken into account that the physical integrity of health personnel is also at risk in the treatment of psychiatric patients. In this dilemma between the preservation of the patient's dignity and the safety of the personnel, various measures have been proposed, both ancillary and compensatory, as well as substitute for these techniques that are detrimental to the mental health of patients. The purpose of these measures is to avoid the use of these coercive techniques. Conclusion: communication between the personnel implementing these measures and the patient receiving them is essential for a good therapeutic alliance and the correct development of the treatment(AU)

The meaning of smoking for patients with mental disorder.

When patients smoke cigarettes in psychiatric services, it brings to the forefront current ethical and political dilemmas. This study aims to explore the meaning attributed to smoking by mental health patients who smoke and who are hospitalized in a psychiatric ward of a general hospital. This qualitative descriptive study was conducted with 96 smokers who were hospitalized in a psychiatric ward in Brazil. Semi-structured interviews, test of nicotine dependence, and content thematic analysis were carried out. The results show that tobacco has an important role in the lives of psychiatric patients. The meanings they attribute to tobacco use are related to overcoming difficulties that are consequential of mental disorders and of side effects caused by their treatments.

Periculosidade versus cidadania: os sentidos da atenção à crise nas práticas discursivas dos profissionais de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial / Periculosity and citizenship: the meanings of attention to the crisis in the discursive practices of the Psychosocial Healthcare Centers professionals

A crise, considerada a expressão da doença psíquica, refere-se a situações em que, no curso do desenvolvimento de vida, ocorrem vivências conflitivas que geram rupturas com a realidade socialmente aceita e com os laços afetivos que sustentam a pessoa. Esta pesquisa objetiva conhecer os sentidos presentes nas práticas discursivas dos profissionais acerca da atenção à crise nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). Caracteriza-se por uma abordagem qualitativa que utiliza a perspectiva teórica do Construcionismo Social. Os dados utilizados fazem parte do banco de dados da pesquisa Avaliação dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial da Região Sul do Brasil (CAPSUL). No presente estudo, analisamos 27 entrevistas realizadas com profissionais do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de Alegrete e três diários de campo com o registro de 390 horas de observação. A análise dos dados identificou sentidos - periculosidade e cidadania - que foram discutidos na busca de compreender sua influência na construção de práticas de atenção à crise.

The crisis, considered the expression of mental illness, refers to situations in which, during the development of life, there are conflicting experiences that generate ruptures with the socially accepted reality and the emotional ties that sustain the person. This study aims at getting to know the meanings present in the discursive practices of professionals concerning the attention to the crisis in the Psychosocial Healthcare Centers (CAPS). It is characterized by a qualitative approach that uses the theoretical perspective of social constructionism. The data used are part of the database research Evaluation of Psychosocial Healthcare Centers in Southern part of Brazil - CAPSUL. In this study, 27 interviews with professionals from the Psychosocial Healthcare Center of Alegrete city and three field diaries with the record of 390 observation hours were analyzed. Data analysis identified the meanings - periculosity and citizenship - which were discussed in an attempt to understand their influence on the construction of attention practices to the crisis.

Psychiatric nursing care in Brazil: legal and ethical aspects.

Human rights, considered as rights inherent to all human beings, must be respected unconditionally, especially during health care delivery. These rights became actually protected by International Law when the UN was created in 1945 and, later, when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was issued in 1948, giving rise to various subsequent treaties. Based on the historical evolution of Human Rights in the international sphere, associated with the principles of constitutional, penal and civil law and psychiatric patient rights in Brazil, we aim to understand some dilemmas of psychiatric nursing care: individuals' rights as psychiatric patients, hospitalization and nursing professionals' practice. In their practice, nurses attempt to conciliate patients' rights with their legal role and concerns with high-quality psychiatric care. In coping with these dilemmas, these professionals are active in three spheres: as health care providers, as employees of a health organization and as citizens.

[Work process in mental health and the psychosocial area]. / Processo de trabalho em saúde mental e o campo psicossocial.

We present a theoretical reflection about determinants and constitutive elements of the nursing work process in the psychiatric and psychosocial areas, in the context of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. The aim is to offer theoretical and conceptual guidance with a view to mental health workers' reflexive action, particularly in nursing. The purpose of this article is to preserve the memory of nursing practice in psychiatry and to go beyond, with a view to constructing the psychosocial area, supporting teaching in all fields of health knowledge.

Trajetória histórica do esquizofrênico: uma reflexão pelo prisma da técnica e da ética / The schizophrenic historical path: a reflection by technical and ethical prism

Este texto propõe de reflexão em torno de um tema inquietante para os profissionais que trabalham no campo da enfermagem psiquiátrica, como também outros profissionais, em especial os da área humanista. Aqui, a forma preocupada do enfermeiro, em olhar a questão a partir de um prisma realístico, mas também com uma visão crítica, constitui-se na "viga mestra" da proposta. Procurou-se construir um breve enfoque histórico, com o intuito de situar no trabalho, os movimentos ocorridos na psiquiatria, desde quando a sociedade olhava o doente mental como alguém indesejável e perigoso e , por olhar assim, negava a condição de doente. Isso ainda ocorre em nossos dias, por essa questão ainda não estar bem resolvida. A escolha de enfocar, mais especificamente, a esquizofrenia, deu-se porque essa síndrome é a que mais altera o modo de vida das pessoas e , portanto, o enfermeiro pode e deve exercer a plenitude do seu saber científico, procurando compreender e atender as pessoas doentes enquanto seres humanos, que têm uma história de vida.