ABSTRACT
RESUMEN La enfermedad de Caroli es una enfermedad infrecuente que requiere un alto índice de sospecha para su diagnóstico. Puede afectar un segmento hepático, un lóbulo o todo el hígado; suele generar episodios repetidos de colangitis. Existe una amplia gama de propuestas terapéuticas que oscilan desde el tratamiento médico hasta el trasplante de hígado. En este trabajo presentamos 3 casos, realizamos una revisión de la literatura y proponemos una ampliación de la clasificación de Alonso-Lej modificada por Todani que, a nuestra manera de ver, tiene implicaciones a la hora de seleccionar un tratamiento.
ABSTRACT Caroli's disease is a rare condition, and its diagnosis requires high level of suspicion. The disease may affect one segment, one lobe or the entire liver, and may result in repeated episodes of cholangitis. The disease can be managed using different therapeutic approaches ranging from medical treatment to liver transplantation. In this paper we report 3 cases with review of the literature and propose a modification of the classification by Alonso-Lej modified by Todani which we believe may be useful to guide treatment.
Subject(s)
Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic , Cholelithiasis , Caroli Disease , Therapeutics , Bile Ducts , Cholangitis , Liver Transplantation , Selectins , DilatationABSTRACT
Introducción: La infección de vías urinarias (IVU) es una de las enfermedades más prevalentes en la práctica clínica Objetivo: Identificar los principales agentes etiológicos y la frecuencia de resistencia a antibióticos por parte de microorganismos aislados por urocultivos en pa cientes con IVU en un hospital de primer nivel de atención. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, a partir de una muestra aleatoria de pacientes con IVU en La Virginia, Risaralda, entre el 1 de abril de 2014 a 31 de marzo de 2015. Se evaluaron las bacterias aisladas en la totalidad de urocultivos procesados y los resultados de los antibiogramas. Se establecieron frecuencias y proporciones. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó SPSS Statistics 22. Se hizo análisis multivariado. Resultados: Se realizaron 1563 urocultivos en el periodo de estudio, de los cuales 329 (21,0%) mostraron crecimiento mayor a 100.000 UFC. Las frecuencias más altas de resistencia para E. coli se observaron para cefalotina (75,8%), ampicilina (72,6%) y trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol (55,3%). De 296 pacientes seleccionados aleatoriamente se halló que la cistitis era la IVU más frecuente (70,3%) y al 50,7% no se les prescribió ningún antimicrobiano. El uso de antiulcerosos se asoció con mayor probabilidad de uso inadecuado del antibiótico (OR:4,28; IC95%:1,070-17,153; p=0,04). Conclusiones: Existe una elevada resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos de primera línea para el tratamiento de las IVUs, lo que sugiere la importancia de identi ficar los microorganismos y sus perfiles de sensibilidad a antimicrobianos para seleccionar con mejor criterio cual emplear.
Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most prevalent diseases in clinical practice. Objective: To identify the main etiologic agents and the frequency of antibiotic resistance by microorganisms isolated from urine culture and sensitivity in patients with IVU in a hospital primary care. Materials and Methods. Descriptive cross-sectional study, from a random sample of patients with UTI in La Virginia, Risaralda, from April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015. Bacteria isolated from all processed urine cultures and the results of susceptibility were evaluated. Frequencies and proportions were established. For data analysis was used SPSS Statistics 22. Results: A total of 1563 urine cultures were performed in the study period, of which 329 (21.0%) showed further growth to 100,000 UFC. Higher frequencies of resis tance were observed for E. coli to cephalothin (75.8%), ampicillin (72.6%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (55.3%). In the 296 randomized patients it was found that the most common UTI was cystitis (70.3%) and 50.7% were not prescribed any antimicrobial. The use of anti-ulcer is associated with increased probability of inappropriate use of antibiotics (OR:4.28; 95% CI:1.070-17.153; p=0.04). Conclusions: There is a high bacterial resistance to first-line antibiotics for treatment of UTIs, suggesting the importance of identifying microorganisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles to select which use better approach.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Urinary Tract , Urinary Tract Infections , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Cephalosporins , Cystitis , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Sulfamethoxazole , Bacteria , Trimethoprim , Cephalothin , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Selectins , Escherichia coli , Ampicillin , Anti-Infective Agents , Anti-Ulcer AgentsABSTRACT
Metastasis is responsible for the majority of cancer-associated deaths, though only a very small number of tumor cells are able to efficiently complete all the steps of that process. Tumor cell survival in the bloodstream is one of the limiting aspects of the metastatic cascade. The formation of tumor cell-platelet complexes that promote tumor cell survival is facilitated by the binding of P-selectin on activated platelets to sialyl Lewis-containing oligosaccharides on the surface of tumor cells. Inhibition of this interaction has been shown to attenuate metastasis. Heparin is a potent selectin inhibitor and is capable to block platelet-tumor cell complex formation, thereby attenuating metastasis. Similarly, other sulfated polysaccharides isolated from marine invertebrates attenuate metastasis by a P-selectin-mediated mechanism. In this work, we investigated the selectin-dependent antimetastatic activity of sea urchin sulfated polysaccharides with slight structural differences: a sulfated fucan from Strongylocentrotus franciscanus; a sulfated fucan from Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis; and a sulfated galactan from Echinometra lucunter. The results demonstrate that these fucans and the galactan have different antiselectin activities despite being very similar molecules. Therefore, they may be interesting tools for studies on the structure-function relationship or even for future treatments.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Galactans/therapeutic use , Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , Polysaccharides/therapeutic use , Selectins/metabolism , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Blood Platelets/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Galactans/pharmacology , Humans , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Protein Binding , Sea Urchins/chemistryABSTRACT
Leukocyte recruitment to tissues is a highly orchestrated process and is one of the pillars of the inflammatory process. The contribution of leukocytes to tissue damage is very clear, suggesting that targeting leukocyte accumulation in tissue to be relevant for the development of novel therapies to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we review briefly known mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment and suggest potential targets for the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapies.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Inflammation/drug therapy , Leukocytes/drug effects , Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects , Chronic Disease/drug therapy , Drug Discovery , Humans , Leukocyte Rolling/drug effects , Leukocytes/physiology , Molecular Targeted Therapy , Receptors, Chemokine/antagonists & inhibitors , Selectins/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effectsABSTRACT
Streptococcus dysgalactiae is a bacterium that accounts for a notable proportion of both clinical and subclinical intramammary infections (IMIs). Thus, the present study explores the function of milk neutrophils and the lymphocyte profile in mammary glands naturally infected with Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Here, we used 32 culture-negative control quarters from eight clinically healthy dairy cows with low somatic cell counts and 13 S. dysgalactiae-infected quarters from six dairy cows. Using flow cytometry, we evaluated the percentage of milk monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils, expression of CD62L, CD11b and CD44 by milk neutrophils, the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by milk neutrophils, and neutrophil viability. Furthermore, the percentages of B cell (CD21(+)) and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3(+)/CD4(+)/CD8(-); CD3(+)/CD8(+)/CD4(-); and CD3(+)/CD8(-)/CD4(-)), and the expression of CD25 by T milk lymphocytes (CD3(+)) and T CD4(+) milk cells were also assessed by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. The present study showed a higher SCC and percentage of milk neutrophils, and a decrease in the percentage of milk monocytes/macrophages from S. dysgalactiae-infected quarters when compared to uninfected ones. We also observed a higher expression of CD11b by milk neutrophils and a tendency toward a decrease in neutrophil apoptosis rate in S. dysgalactiae-infected quarters. In addition, the S. dysgalactiae-infected quarters had higher percentages of milk T cells (CD3(+)) and their subset CD3(+)CD8(+)CD4(-) cells. Overall, the present study provided new insights into S. dysgalactiae IMIs, including distinct lymphocyte profiles, and a tendency toward an inhibition of apoptosis in milk neutrophils.
Subject(s)
Lymphocyte Subsets/physiology , Milk/cytology , Neutrophils/physiology , Streptococcal Infections/veterinary , Streptococcus/classification , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Antigens, CD/genetics , Antigens, CD/metabolism , CD18 Antigens/genetics , CD18 Antigens/metabolism , Cattle , Female , Flow Cytometry , Gene Expression Regulation , Macrophages/physiology , Mastitis, Bovine , Selectins/genetics , Selectins/metabolism , Streptococcal Infections/pathologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression profiles of the relevant selectins and PDGF in schistosomiasis-associated pulmonary hypertension. METHODOLOGY: Patients with three distinct clinical profiles were enrolled in the study: IPAH(n = 11), schistosomiasis-associated PH (Sch-PH))(n = 13), and schistosomiasis without PH (Sch) (n = 13). Healthy volunteers, were recruited as a control group(n = 13). Echocardiography was performed in all groups, and the PH patients underwent right heart catheterization. Plasma soluble adhesion molecules E- and P-Selectin, PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: E-selectin was significantly increased in the IPAH group compared with the other groups [the control, Sch + PH and Sch groups) (p < 0.001) (Fig. 2)]. P-selectin was lower in Sch (20.2 + 8.9 × 103 pg/mL) as compared to the control, (43 16.8 × 103 pg/mL), IPAH (35.8 7.8 × 103 pg/mL), and Sch + PH (36.8 ± 15.7 × 103 pg/mL) (p = 0.005) groups. Serum PDGF-BB levels were higher in the control group (8.9 ± 4.8 × 103 pg/mL) compared with the IPAH (3.7 ± 2.17 × 103 pg/mL), Sch + PH (5.2 ± 3.7 × 103 pg/mL) and Sch (2.4 ± 1.7 × 103 pg/mL) groups (p < 0.05). PDGF-AB levels were also higher in the control group (25.6 ± 8.6 × 103 pg/mL), compared with the other three groups, being the Sch group the one with lower serum levels of this marker (11.4 ± 8.6 × 103 pg/mL) (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, vascular inflammation in schistosomiasis, with or without PH, is different from IPAH suggesting distinct pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the development of pulmonary hypertension.
Subject(s)
Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/blood , Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism , Schistosomiasis/blood , Selectins/metabolism , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Biomarkers/metabolism , Case-Control Studies , Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Forced Expiratory Volume , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/complications , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Reference Values , Risk Assessment , Schistosomiasis/complications , Schistosomiasis/diagnosis , Severity of Illness Index , Vasculitis/metabolism , Vasculitis/physiopathologyABSTRACT
La piel es un órgano complejo que cumple funciones de barrera física e inmunológica. La presencia de numerosos tipos celulares explica su participación en la inmunidad innata y adaptativa y su capacidad de iniciar una cascada de eventos con repercusión sistémica, a la vez que la hace órgano blanco de procesos patológicos sistémicos. Uno de los principales componentes del sistema inmunitario cutáneo son las células de Langerhans, especializadas en la captura y presentación de antígenos; ante estímulos como la captura de antígenos extraños o propios alterados, migran al ganglio linfático para presentar los antígenos a los linfocitos T. Una vez activados, los linfocitos T pueden migrar a la piel gracias a la expresión de CLA (Cutaneous Lymphocyte-associated Antigen), cuyo ligando, la E-Selectina, se expresa en los endotelios dérmicos. Este proceso de migración y alojamiento en la piel está controlado por quimiocinas, citocinas y moléculas de adhesión que se presentan en el texto.
Subject(s)
Chemokines , Dendritic Cells , Integrins , Langerhans Cells , Skin/immunology , SelectinsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) predisposes to cardiovascular complications. Increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators and imbalanced concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) may reflect the pathophysiology of MetS. We compared the circulating levels of MMPs, TIMPs, and inflammatory mediators in MetS patients with those found in healthy controls. METHODS: We studied 25 healthy subjects and 25 MetS patients. The plasma levels of pro-MMP-2 and pro-MMP-9 were determined by gelatin zymography. The plasma concentrations of MMP-8, MMP-3, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1), and sP-selectin were measured by ELISA kits. RESULTS: We found higher sP-selectin, sICAM-1, MCP-1, and IL-6 (all P<0.05) concentrations in MetS patients compared with healthy controls. No differences in pro-MMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-2 levels were found (all P>0.05). However, we found higher pro-MMP-9, MMP-8, and TIMP-1 levels in MetS patients compared with healthy controls (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with MetS have increased circulating concentrations of pro-MMP-9, MMP-8, and TIMP-1 that are associated with increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules. These findings suggest that MMPs may have a role in the increased cardiovascular risk of MetS patients. Pharmacological interventions targeting MMPs, especially MMP-9 and MMP-8 deserve further investigation in MetS patients.
Subject(s)
Inflammation/blood , Matrix Metalloproteinase 8/blood , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/blood , Metabolic Syndrome/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Biomarkers/metabolism , Case-Control Studies , Chemokine CCL2/blood , Chemokine CCL2/metabolism , Female , Humans , Inflammation/metabolism , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/blood , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism , Interleukin-6/blood , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Male , Matrix Metalloproteinase 8/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism , Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism , Middle Aged , Selectins/blood , Selectins/metabolism , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/blood , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/metabolism , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2/blood , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2/metabolismABSTRACT
The main cause of death among Brazilian women is cardiovascular disease followed by cancer with breast cancer as the most incident. The relationship between cancer and thrombosis is well known, although its association with other cardiovascular events is poorly understood. In order to study these events from the earliest findings such as endothelial injury and dysfunction and the evolving atherosclerotic plaque, many methods are currently being used. Among these methods, E- and P-selectin and the von Willebrand factor have been associated, either with cardiovascular risk or with breast cancer growth and metastasis. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation is a tool available that emerged in the last decade due to its noninvasive nature and its clear association with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk. The aim of this revision is to bring the newest and most relevant updates about the association of breast cancer, endothelial injury and cardiovascular risk.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Cardiovascular Diseases/blood , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Biomarkers/blood , Brachial Artery/physiopathology , Breast Neoplasms/blood , Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Regional Blood Flow/physiology , Risk Factors , Selectins/blood , von Willebrand Factor/analysisABSTRACT
Entre as mulheres brasileiras a principal causa de mortalidade são as doenças cardiovasculares, seguida em freqüência pelo câncer, sendo o de mama o mais comum. É bastante conhecida a associação de câncer com eventos tromboembólicos, mas pouco estabelecida sua relação com os demais eventos cardiovasculares. Para estudar estes eventos desde suas alterações primordiais, como a lesão e disfunção endotelial e a formação da placa aterosclerótica, vários métodos têm sido utilizados. Dentre eles, a dosagem sérica de P e E-selectina e do fator de von Willebrand são relevantes devido à associação tanto com o risco cardiovascular quanto com o processo de progressão e formação de metástase do câncer de mama. Outro método de avaliação da função endotelial é a medida da dilatação da artéria braquial mediada por fluxo, que cada vez mais ganha popularidade devido à sua natureza não-invasiva e a comprovação de sua associação com a disfunção endotelial e risco de eventos cardiovasculares. Buscamos, através desta revisão, condensar o que houve de mais relevante nestes últimos anos sobre a associação de câncer, em especial o de mama, com lesão endotelial e risco cardiovascular.
The main cause of death among Brazilian women is cardiovascular disease followed by cancer with breast cancer as the most incident. The relationship between cancer and thrombosis is well known, although its association with other cardiovascular events is poorly understood. In order to study these events from the earliest findings such as endothelial injury and dysfunction and the evolving atherosclerotic plaque, many methods are currently being used. Among these methods, E- and P-selectin and the von Willebrand factor have been associated, either with cardiovascular risk or with breast cancer growth and metastasis. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation is a tool available that emerged in the last decade due to its noninvasive nature and its clear association with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk. The aim of this revision is to bring the newest and most relevant updates about the association of breast cancer, endothelial injury and cardiovascular risk.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Cardiovascular Diseases/blood , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Biomarkers/blood , Brachial Artery/physiopathology , Breast Neoplasms/blood , Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology , Regional Blood Flow/physiology , Risk Factors , Selectins/blood , von Willebrand Factor/analysisABSTRACT
El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar moléculas involucradas en la activación endotelial, tales como la molécula de adhesión sE-Selectina (sE-S) y el péptido vasoconstrictor Endotelina-1 (ET-1) en individuos diabéticos tipo 2 y su asociación con otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Se estudiaron 62 pacientes diabéticos que se compararon con un grupo control. Las concentraciones de sE-S y ET-1 fueron significativamente mayores en los diabéticos que en los controles (sE-S: 90,6±26,2 ng/mL vs. 49,5±9,2 ng/mL, p<0,00001; ET-1: 11,3±3,7 vs. 7,7±0,5 pg/mL, p<0,001, respectivamente). Estas moléculas, en pacientes con índice de masa corporal (IMC) normal y aumentado, mostraron diferencias significativas (sE-S: 75,5±22,4 vs. 97,1±32,9 ng/mL, p<0,05; ET-1: 8,4±2,4 vs. 14,1±4,9 pg/mL, p=0,001, respectivamente). No se encontraron diferencias entre individuos diabéticos normo e hipertensos, no fumadores y fumadores, ni normo e hipercolesterolémicos. El 81% de la población estudiada presentó un pobre control glucémico (HA1c>7%), siendo significativamente mayores los niveles de ET-1 en este grupo (p<0,01) no así para sE-S (p=0,74). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los pacientes diabéticos presentan activación endotelial reflejada en los niveles elevados de sE-S y ET-1. El IMC aumentado y el pobre control glucémico incrementan la disfunción endotelial en estos pacientes.
The object of this work was to study molecules involved in endothelial activation, such as E-selectin (sE-S) and the vasoconstrictor peptide Endothelin-1 (ET-1) in Type 2 diabetes patients, and their relation with other cardiovascular risk factors. Sixty-two patients with diabetes were compared with matched controls. sE-S and ET-1 concentrations in diabetes patients were significantly elevated compared with controls (sE-S: 90.6±26.2 ng/mL vs 49.5±9.2 ng/mL, p<0.00001; ET-1: 11.3±3.7 vs 7.7±0.5 pg/mL, p<0.001, respectively). sE-S and ET-1 levels in diabetes patients with normal and increased body mass index showed significant differences (sE-S: 75.5±22.4 vs. 97.1±32.9 ng/mL, p<0.05; ET-1: 8.4±2.4 vs. 14.1±4.9 pg/mL, p=0.001 respectively). There were no significant differences in none of the molecules values between patients with or without hypertension, smokers or non-smokers, neither in diabetes patients with or without hypercholesterolemia. Eighty-one percent of the population with diabetes presented a poor glycemic control (HA1c>7%) and in these patients, ET-1 plasma levels were significantly increased (p<0.01), but not sE-S (p=0.74). These results show that obesity and a poor glycemic control increase the endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Endothelins , Selectins , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Endothelium , Diabetes MellitusABSTRACT
We have recently demonstrated that s.c.-injected 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induces nociception by an indirect action on the primary afferent nociceptor in addition to its previously described direct action. Although the mechanisms mediating hyperalgesia can be quite separate and distinct from those mediating nociception, the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that 5-HT induces mechanical hyperalgesia by mechanisms similar to those mediating nociception. s.c. injection of 5-HT induced a dose-dependent mechanical hyperalgesia measured by the mechanical paw withdrawal nociceptive threshold test in the rat. 5-HT-induced hyperalgesia was significantly reduced by local blockade of the 5-HT(3) receptor by tropisetron, by the nonspecific selectin inhibitor fucoidan, by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, by guanethidine depletion of norepinephrine in the sympathetic terminals, and by local blockade of the beta(1)- or beta(2)-adrenergic receptor by atenolol or ICI 118,551, respectively. Taken together, these findings indicate that like nociception, hyperalgesia induced by the injection of 5-HT in the s.c. tissue is also mediated by an indirect action of 5-HT on the primary afferent nociceptor. This indirect hyperalgesic action of 5-HT is mediated by a combination of mechanisms involved in inflammation such as neutrophil migration and the local release of prostaglandin and norepinephrine. However, in contrast to nociception, hyperalgesia induced by 5-HT in the s.c. tissue is mediated by a norepinephrine-dependent mechanism that involves the activation of peripheral beta(2) adrenoceptors.
Subject(s)
Afferent Pathways/metabolism , Hyperalgesia/metabolism , Nociceptors/metabolism , Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism , Serotonin/metabolism , Skin/innervation , Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists , Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology , Afferent Pathways/drug effects , Afferent Pathways/physiopathology , Animals , Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects , Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/physiology , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Hyperalgesia/chemically induced , Hyperalgesia/physiopathology , Male , Nociceptors/drug effects , Nociceptors/physiopathology , Norepinephrine/metabolism , Pain Measurement/drug effects , Pain Threshold/drug effects , Pain Threshold/physiology , Prostaglandins/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism , Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3/metabolism , Selectins/drug effects , Selectins/metabolism , Sensory Receptor Cells/drug effects , Sensory Receptor Cells/physiopathology , Serotonin/pharmacology , Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists , Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology , Skin/physiopathology , Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic/drug effects , Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic/metabolismABSTRACT
O presente trabalho consiste em uma revisão de literatura onde se evidencia que as moléculas de adesão desempenham um importante papel nos processos fisiológicos celulares, através das interações célula-célula, célula-matriz extracelular. Sua expressão alterada pode estar associada aos diversos e complexos mecanismos envolvidos no comportamento biológico do câncer oral, podendo aumentar o potencial metastático de células tumorais.
This paper has reviewed the literature about adhesion molecules. It has showed the role of cell adhesion molecules on cellular physiology by cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Its altered expression can be related in many pathways involved in oral cancer biological behavior, being capable of improving the metastatic potential of neoplastic cells.
Subject(s)
Cell Adhesion Molecules , Mouth Neoplasms , Cadherins , Immunoglobulins , Integrins , SelectinsABSTRACT
Recent evidence indicates that protein-glycan interactions play a critical role in different events associated with the physiology of T-cell responses including thymocyte maturation, T-cell activation, lymphocyte migration and T-cell apoptosis. Glycans decorating T-cell surface glycoproteins can modulate T-cell physiology by specifically interacting with endogenous lectins including selectins and galectins. These endogenous lectins are capable of recognizing sugar structures localized on T-cell surface glycoproteins and trigger different signal transduction pathways leading to differentiation, proliferation, cell cycle regulation or apoptosis. Protein-carbohydrate interactions may be controlled at different levels, including regulated expression of lectins during T-cell maturation and differentiation and the spatio-temporal regulation of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases, which create and modify sugar structures present in T-cell surface glycoproteins. This article briefly reviews the mechanisms by which protein-carbohydrate interactions modulate immunological processes such as T-cell activation, migration and apoptosis.
Subject(s)
Polysaccharides/metabolism , Proteins/metabolism , T-Lymphocytes/physiology , Apoptosis , Cell Communication , Galectins/chemistry , Galectins/immunology , Galectins/metabolism , Glycosylation , Glycosyltransferases , Humans , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Polysaccharides/immunology , Protein Binding/immunology , Proteins/chemistry , Proteins/immunology , Selectins/chemistry , Selectins/immunology , Selectins/metabolismABSTRACT
Sepsis--a state of systemic bacterial infection--often leads to multiorgan failure and is associated with high mortality despite the recent advances achieved in intensive care treatment. Many of the ill effects of sepsis are attributed to an abnormally enhanced host inflammatory response that leads to neutrophil recruitment and activation involving selectins, a class of adhesion molecules, in the initial stages. Nitric oxide and its various isoforms have also been implicated in various vascular alterations and directly participate in the cellular toxicity in sepsis. This review briefly describes the role of selectins and nitric oxide in experimental and clinical sepsis as well as the therapeutic outcomes of blocking therapies.
Subject(s)
Neutrophil Activation/immunology , Nitric Oxide Synthase/physiology , Nitric Oxide/physiology , Selectins/physiology , Sepsis/immunology , Animals , Humans , Nitric Oxide/antagonists & inhibitors , Nitric Oxide/immunology , Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors , Selectins/immunologyABSTRACT
Sepse um estado de infecção bacteriana sistêmica frequentemente leva à falência múltipla de órgãos e associa-se a altos índices de mortalidade, apesar de progressos recentes no manejo de pacientes em unidades de terapia intensiva. Muitos dos efeitos maléficos associados à sepse são atribuídos a uma resposta inflamatória patologicamente ampliada que leva a recrutamento neutrofílico e ativação das moléculas de adesão do grupo das selectinas, durante as fases iniciais do processo . O óxido nítrico e sua diversas isoformas também foram implicados nas diversas manifestações vasculares da sepse como participantes diretos da toxicidade celular. Esta revisão descreve o papel das selectinas e do óxido nítrico em situações clínicas e experimentais de sepse, bem como os respectivos efeitos de processos terapêuticos de bloqueio.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Neutrophil Activation/immunology , Nitric Oxide Synthase/physiology , Nitric Oxide/physiology , Selectins/physiology , Sepsis/immunology , Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors , Nitric Oxide/antagonists & inhibitors , Nitric Oxide/immunology , Selectins/immunologyABSTRACT
Recent evidence indicates that protein-glycan interactions play a critical role in different events associated with the physiology of T-cell responses including thymocyte maturation, T-cell activation, lymphocyte migration and T-cell apoptosis. Glycans decorating T-cell surface glycoproteins can modulate T-cell physiology by specifically interacting with endogenous lectins including selectins and galectins. These endogenous lectins are capable of recognizing sugar structures localized on T-cell surface glycoproteins and trigger different signal transduction pathways leading to differentiation, proliferation, cell cycle regulation or apoptosis. Protein-carbohydrate interactions may be controlled at different levels, including regulated expression of lectins during T-cell maturation and differentiation and the spatio-temporal regulation of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases, which create and modify sugar structures present in T-cell surface glycoproteins. This article briefly reviews the mechanisms by which protein-carbohydrate interactions modulate immunological processes such as T-cell activation, migration and apoptosis.
Las interacciones entre proteínas y glicanos juegan un papel fundamental en numerosos eventos de la regulación de la fisiología del sistema inmune, como maduración tímica, activación, migración y apoptosis de células T. Los carbohidratos son capaces de modular la fisiología linfocitaria a través de la interacción específica con lectinas endógenas como selectinas y galectinas. Estas lectinas endógenas son capaces de reconocer estructuras sacarídicas localizadas en glicoproteínas de la superficie celular y regular procesos tan diversos como proliferación, diferenciación y ciclo celular. Existen diversos niveles de control de la interacción entre lectinas y azúcares; en primer lugar podemos mencionar la expresión regulada de estas lectinas durante el desarrollo de una respuesta inmune, y en segundo lugar la regulación espacio-temporal de la actividad de glicosiltranferasas y glicosidasas cuya función es crear y modificar los azúcares específicos para estas lectinas. Existen evidencias de que la expresión y actividad de estas enzimas se regulan en forma positiva o negativa durante diferentes eventos del desarrollo, ejecución y finalización de la respuesta inmune. En este artículo se analizarán los mecanismos a través de los cuales las interacciones entre lectinas con sus carbohidratos específicos modulan en forma específica diversos procesos fisiológicos, como maduración de timocitos, migración linfocitaria, activación y diferenciación de células T y apoptosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , T-Lymphocytes/physiology , Polysaccharides/metabolism , Proteins/metabolism , Apoptosis , Cell Communication , Glycosylation , Glycosyltransferases , Galectins/chemistry , Galectins/immunology , Galectins/metabolism , Protein Binding/immunology , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Polysaccharides/immunology , Proteins/chemistry , Proteins/immunology , Selectins/chemistry , Selectins/immunology , Selectins/metabolismABSTRACT
Recent evidence indicates that protein-glycan interactions play a critical role in different events associated with the physiology of T-cell responses including thymocyte maturation, T-cell activation, lymphocyte migration and T-cell apoptosis. Glycans decorating T-cell surface glycoproteins can modulate T-cell physiology by specifically interacting with endogenous lectins including selectins and galectins. These endogenous lectins are capable of recognizing sugar structures localized on T-cell surface glycoproteins and trigger different signal transduction pathways leading to differentiation, proliferation, cell cycle regulation or apoptosis. Protein-carbohydrate interactions may be controlled at different levels, including regulated expression of lectins during T-cell maturation and differentiation and the spatio-temporal regulation of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases, which create and modify sugar structures present in T-cell surface glycoproteins. This article briefly reviews the mechanisms by which protein-carbohydrate interactions modulate immunological processes such as T-cell activation, migration and apoptosis.(AU)
Las interacciones entre proteínas y glicanos juegan un papel fundamental en numerosos eventos de la regulación de la fisiología del sistema inmune, como maduración tímica, activación, migración y apoptosis de células T. Los carbohidratos son capaces de modular la fisiología linfocitaria a través de la interacción específica con lectinas endógenas como selectinas y galectinas. Estas lectinas endógenas son capaces de reconocer estructuras sacarídicas localizadas en glicoproteínas de la superficie celular y regular procesos tan diversos como proliferación, diferenciación y ciclo celular. Existen diversos niveles de control de la interacción entre lectinas y azúcares; en primer lugar podemos mencionar la expresión regulada de estas lectinas durante el desarrollo de una respuesta inmune, y en segundo lugar la regulación espacio-temporal de la actividad de glicosiltranferasas y glicosidasas cuya función es crear y modificar los azúcares específicos para estas lectinas. Existen evidencias de que la expresión y actividad de estas enzimas se regulan en forma positiva o negativa durante diferentes eventos del desarrollo, ejecución y finalización de la respuesta inmune. En este artículo se analizarán los mecanismos a través de los cuales las interacciones entre lectinas con sus carbohidratos específicos modulan en forma específica diversos procesos fisiológicos, como maduración de timocitos, migración linfocitaria, activación y diferenciación de células T y apoptosis. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Polysaccharides/metabolism , Proteins/metabolism , T-Lymphocytes/physiology , Apoptosis , Cell Communication , Galectins/chemistry , Galectins/immunology , Galectins/metabolism , Glycosylation , Glycosyltransferases , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Polysaccharides/immunology , Protein Binding/immunology , Proteins/chemistry , Proteins/immunology , Selectins/chemistry , Selectins/immunology , Selectins/metabolismABSTRACT
Recent evidence indicates that protein-glycan interactions play a critical role in different events associated with the physiology of T-cell responses including thymocyte maturation, T-cell activation, lymphocyte migration and T-cell apoptosis. Glycans decorating T-cell surface glycoproteins can modulate T-cell physiology by specifically interacting with endogenous lectins including selectins and galectins. These endogenous lectins are capable of recognizing sugar structures localized on T-cell surface glycoproteins and trigger different signal transduction pathways leading to differentiation, proliferation, cell cycle regulation or apoptosis. Protein-carbohydrate interactions may be controlled at different levels, including regulated expression of lectins during T-cell maturation and differentiation and the spatio-temporal regulation of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases, which create and modify sugar structures present in T-cell surface glycoproteins. This article briefly reviews the mechanisms by which protein-carbohydrate interactions modulate immunological processes such as T-cell activation, migration and apoptosis.(AU)
Las interacciones entre proteínas y glicanos juegan un papel fundamental en numerosos eventos de la regulación de la fisiología del sistema inmune, como maduración tímica, activación, migración y apoptosis de células T. Los carbohidratos son capaces de modular la fisiología linfocitaria a través de la interacción específica con lectinas endógenas como selectinas y galectinas. Estas lectinas endógenas son capaces de reconocer estructuras sacarídicas localizadas en glicoproteínas de la superficie celular y regular procesos tan diversos como proliferación, diferenciación y ciclo celular. Existen diversos niveles de control de la interacción entre lectinas y azúcares; en primer lugar podemos mencionar la expresión regulada de estas lectinas durante el desarrollo de una respuesta inmune, y en segundo lugar la regulación espacio-temporal de la actividad de glicosiltranferasas y glicosidasas cuya función es crear y modificar los azúcares específicos para estas lectinas. Existen evidencias de que la expresión y actividad de estas enzimas se regulan en forma positiva o negativa durante diferentes eventos del desarrollo, ejecución y finalización de la respuesta inmune. En este artículo se analizarán los mecanismos a través de los cuales las interacciones entre lectinas con sus carbohidratos específicos modulan en forma específica diversos procesos fisiológicos, como maduración de timocitos, migración linfocitaria, activación y diferenciación de células T y apoptosis. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Polysaccharides/metabolism , Proteins/metabolism , T-Lymphocytes/physiology , Apoptosis , Cell Communication , Galectins/chemistry , Galectins/immunology , Galectins/metabolism , Glycosylation , Glycosyltransferases , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Polysaccharides/immunology , Protein Binding/immunology , Proteins/chemistry , Proteins/immunology , Selectins/chemistry , Selectins/immunology , Selectins/metabolismABSTRACT
Although intraepithelial T lymphocytes of the large intestine (LI) are known to differ from those of the small intestine (SI) in phenotype and function, differences in LI and SI lamina propria (LP) lymphocyte populations have not been clearly established. In this work we found striking phenotypic differences between SI and LI LP lymphocyte populations from Balb/c mice analyzed by flow cytometry. In the LI most lymphocytes were B cells and the predominant T cells were TCR-alpha beta+, CD8+. In contrast, in the SI most T lymphocytes were CD4+ expressing TCR-alpha beta+, although a higher proportion expressed TCR-gamma delta+ than in the LI. In T cells the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines was also different between SI and LI. The proportion of LP T cells expressing alpha4beta7 and L-selectin was higher in the LI than in the SI; whereas a greater proportion of cells expressing alpha(E)beta7 were detected in the SI than in LI. Higher proportions of T cells expressing L-selectin and alpha4beta1 were detected in the intraepithelial compartment of the LI than that of the SI, whereas the number of T cells expressing alpha(E)beta7 was much higher in the SI than in the LI. The proportion of T cells spontaneously producing IL-2, IFN gamma, and IL-4 at the intraepithelial and lamina propria, in the small and large intestine, was different indicating that distinctive functional features exist in the lymphocyte populations residing at the different intestinal compartments.