Rapid Detection of Sepsis using CESDA: the Caenorhabditis elegans Sepsis Detection Assay.

INTRODUCTION: The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used as a biological sensor to detect the urine of sepsis patients (CESDA assay). METHODS: C. elegans was aliquoted onto the center of assay plates and allowed to migrate towards sepsis (T) or control (C) urine samples spotted on the same plate. The number of worms found in either (T) or (C) was scored at 10-minute intervals over a 60-minute period. RESULTS: The worms were able to identify the urine (<48 hours) of sepsis patients rapidly within 20 minutes (AUROC=0.67, p=0.012) and infection within 40 minutes (AUROC=0.80, p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: CESDA could be further explored for sepsis diagnosis.

Rapid detection of sepsis using cesda: the caenorhabditis elegans sepsis detection assay

Abstract INTRODUCTION The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used as a biological sensor to detect the urine of sepsis patients (CESDA assay). METHODS C. elegans was aliquoted onto the center of assay plates and allowed to migrate towards sepsis (T) or control (C) urine samples spotted on the same plate. The number of worms found in either (T) or (C) was scored at 10-minute intervals over a 60-minute period. RESULTS The worms were able to identify the urine (<48 hours) of sepsis patients rapidly within 20 minutes (AUROC=0.67, p=0.012) and infection within 40 minutes (AUROC=0.80, p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS CESDA could be further explored for sepsis diagnosis.

Tratamiento antibiótico empírico de elección en pacientes con urosepsis secundaria a litiasis ureteral: reporte de sensibilidad local / Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria causing urosepsis

Background: Early inappropriate antibiotic therapy for the management of urosepsis is associated with higher mortality. Therefore, to establish an adequate empirical therapy is crucial. Aim: To determine an optimal antibiotic treatment, adjusted according local bacterial resistance in patients diagnosed with urosepsis secondary to ureteral lithiasis. Material and Methods: Urine cultures and blood cultures from a prospective cohort of patients with ureteral lithiasis admitted for urosepsis in our center between November 2013 and May 2016, were reviewed. Patients who presented two or more criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and positive blood or urine cultures were admitted. Antimicrobial sensitivity patters derived from cultures were analyzed to describe bacterial susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics. Results: Data from 31 patients were analyzed. Seventeen blood cultures (55%) and 29 urine cultures (94%) were positive. The most commonly isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli in 65% of the cultures, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Enterococcus faecalis. After performing an analysis of sensitivity and resistance for all bacteria in both blood and urine cultures, amikacin showed the highest sensitivity (100%), followed by 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins. Conclusions: Amikacin demonstrated higher antibiotic sensitivity in comparison to other antibiotics for empirical management of patients with urosepsis secondary to ureteral lithiasis.

Sepsis and AKI in Clinical Emergency Room Patients: The Role of Urinary NGAL.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the predictive properties of urinary (u) NGAL as an AKI marker in septic population. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the efficacy of uNGAL as predictor of AKI and death in septic patients admitted to the clinical emergency room (ER). METHODOLOGY: We prospectively studied patients with sepsis admitted to the ER. Urine was analyzed for NGAL within the first 24 hours after admission (classified as NGAL1), between 24 and 48 h (NGAL2), and at moment of AKI diagnosis (NGAL3). RESULTS: Among 168 septic patients admitted to ER, 72% developed AKI. The uNGAL and its relationship with creatinine (Cr) were high in septic patients but statistically higher in those with sepsis and AKI. The uNGAL1 and uNGAL2, as well as uNGAL1/uCr1 and uNGAL2/uCr2, were good predictors for AKI (AUC-ROC 0.73, 0.70, 0.77, and 0.84, resp.). The uNGAL1 and uNGAL1/uCr1 were poor predictors for death (AUC-ROC 0.66 and 0.68, resp.), whereas uNGAL2 and uNGAL2/uCr2 were better predictors (AUC-ROC 0.70 and 0.81, resp.). CONCLUSION: The uNGAL is highly sensitive but nonspecific predictor of AKI and death in septic patients admitted into ER.

Etiología de la Sepsis Neonatal

De los 100 pacientes incluidos en el estudio, se documentó la sepsis en 74 niños, en 48 de estos pacientes se aislaron microorganismos en sangre (66.2 por ciento). En los hemocultivos los gérmenes aislados con mayor frecuencia fueron Enterobacter aerogens (31.2 por ciento), Klebsiella sp. (27 por ciento) y Staphylococcus epidermidis (22.9 por ciento). En cultiv os de L.C.R. se aislaron 2 Klebsiellas sp; 2 Escherichia coli y 1 Staphylococcus epidermis, todos estos gérmenes coincidieron con el aislado en el hemocultivo respectivo, excepto 1 Escherichia coli, que en el hemocultivo fue negativo. De los pacientes en los cuales se hizo aislamiento de microorganismos (49) se pudo hacer punción lumbar y procesar el L.C.R. en 32 de ellos, comprobáandose la miningitis en el 15.6 por ciento. La V.S.G., la proteína C reactiva y la haptoglobina furon las pruebas coadyuvantes que más aportaron al diagnóstico de sepsis neonatal. Los gérmenes aislados mostraron baja sensibilidad a la ampicilina, droga considerada tradicionalmente como de primera elección en el inicio del manejo de la sepsis. La misma observación en relación a la sensibilidad se obtuvo en el caso del Staphylococcus epidermidis frente a la oxaciclina. La ampicilina debe dejar de utilizarse durante algún tiempo en los hospitales en los cuales se hizo el estudio, debido a la baja sensibilidad de los gérmenes

Urine culture in the evaluation of suspected neonatal sepsis.

Clinical records of patients in a neonatal intensive care unit were reviewed to determine the efficacy of obtaining a urine culture in the detection of neonatal sepsis. During a 12-month period, 188 sets of concomitant blood and urine cultures were obtained in infants less than 72 hours of age (early onset group) and 189 sets of cultures in infants over 72 hours of age (late onset group). Blood cultures were positive in nine instances in the early onset group and 11 instances in the late onset group. All but one blood culture in each group was accompanied by a negative urine culture. Urine cultures alone were positive in two instances in the early onset group and 13 instances in the late onset group (P less than 0.05). Symptoms did not differentiate infants with bacteremia from infants with bacteruria. Culture of the urine was shown to be necessary for the detection of a significant number of late onset infections. Urine culture in the early onset age group had a significantly lower yield, and the risk of suprapubic bladder tap in this group may not be justified.