ABSTRACT
The etiology of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) remains unknown, with potential infectious causes having been explored. This contribution evaluates the evidence suggesting an infectious etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, characterizes the relationships between various specific pathogens and CTCL, and discusses some of the difficulties in establishing a causal link between infectious agents and CTCL carcinogenesis. Researchers have evaluated CTCL specimens for evidence of infection with a variety of agents, including human T-lymphotropic virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus-8, and Staphylococcus aureus, although other pathogens also have been detected in CTCL. Although there is significant evidence implicating one or more infectious agents in CTCL, studies to date have not linked definitively any pathogen to disease development, and various studies have yielded conflicting results.
Subject(s)
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology , HTLV-I Infections/virology , Herpesviridae Infections/virology , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/virology , Skin Neoplasms/virology , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification , Herpesvirus 8, Human/isolation & purification , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/isolation & purification , Humans , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/microbiology , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/microbiology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
We described a case of a 27-year old male patient with skin and soft tissue infection of a neoplastic lesion caused by Corynebacterium striatum, an organism which has been rarely described as a human pathogen. Identification was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Successful treatment with penicillin was achieved. The role of the C. striatum as an emerging opportunistic pathogen is discussed.
Subject(s)
Corynebacterium Infections/diagnosis , Corynebacterium/isolation & purification , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/microbiology , Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Skin Neoplasms/microbiology , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Corynebacterium/classification , Corynebacterium Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Male , Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Penicillin G/therapeutic use , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapyABSTRACT
We described a case of a 27-year old male patient with skin and soft tissue infection of a neoplastic lesion caused by Corynebacterium striatum, an organism which has been rarely described as a human pathogen. Identification was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Successful treatment with penicillin was achieved. The role of the C. striatum as an emerging opportunistic pathogen is discussed.
Descrevemos infecção de lesão neoplásica em paciente masculino de 27 anos, envolvendo pele e partes moles, causada por Corynebacterium striatum, um microrganismo raramente descrito como patógeno humano. A identificação foi confirmada por seqüenciamento de DNA. O paciente foi tratado com penicilina, com sucesso. O papel do C. striatum como patógeno oportunista é discutido.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Corynebacterium Infections/diagnosis , Corynebacterium/isolation & purification , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/microbiology , Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Skin Neoplasms/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Corynebacterium Infections/drug therapy , Corynebacterium/classification , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Penicillin G/therapeutic use , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapyABSTRACT
In the past 5 years, there have been notable strides toward the earlier recognition and discovery of melanoma, including new technologies to complement and augment the clinical examination and new insights to help clinicians recognize early melanoma. However, incidence and mortality rates throughout most of the developed world have risen over the past 25 years, while education and screening, potentially the best means for reducing the disease, continue to be severely underutilized. Much progress needs to be made to reach middle-aged and older men and persons of lower socioeconomic status who suffer a disproportionate burden of death from melanoma. Worldwide melanoma control must also be a priority, and comprehensive educational and screening programs should be directed to Northern Ireland and a number of Eastern European nations, whose 5-year survival rates range between 53% and 60%, mirroring those of the United States and Australia more than 40 years ago. LEARNING OBJECTIVE: After completing this learning activity, participants should be aware of the most recent melanoma epidemiologic data, both in the United States and internationally; worldwide early detection and screening programs; clinical strategies to recognize and improve the detection of early melanoma; the latest technologies for early detection of melanoma; and public and professional education programs designed to enhance early detection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Skin Diseases/surgery , Skin Diseases/complications , Skin Diseases/epidemiology , Skin Diseases/physiopathology , Skin Diseases/genetics , Skin Diseases/microbiology , Melanoma/epidemiology , Melanoma/physiopathology , Melanoma/genetics , Skin Neoplasms/complications , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology , Skin Neoplasms/physiopathology , Skin Neoplasms/immunology , Skin Neoplasms/microbiologyABSTRACT
Certain skin cancers occur with increased frequency or altered course in patients infected with HIV. Malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma are examples of cutaneous malignancies that have a more aggressive course in patients with HIV. Others, such as basal cell carcinoma, appear more frequently in this population but do not appear to be more aggressive. The incidence of HIV-associated Kapsosi's sarcoma has markedly decreased since the advent of HIV antiretroviral therapy. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of this malignancy and its unique management issues are fully reviewed. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is rare in this population. Other types of cutaneous lymphoma and HIV-associated pseudo-CTCL are discussed. This article addresses prevention, treatment, and follow-up strategies for this at-risk population. LEARNING OBJECTIVE: At the completion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the unique epidemiology, clinical course, and management of cutaneous malignancy in patients infected with HIV...
Subject(s)
Humans , Lymphoma/physiopathology , Lymphoma/genetics , Lymphoma/virology , Melanoma/physiopathology , Melanoma/virology , Skin Neoplasms/physiopathology , Skin Neoplasms/genetics , Skin Neoplasms/microbiology , Skin Neoplasms/virology , Carcinoma/physiopathology , Carcinoma/virologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological properties of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated from bronchiole washing and cancer lesions. Bacteriological characterization included fluorescence/double sugar urease (King/DSU) screening tests, pyrazinamidase (PYZ), CAMP-reactions and radial immunodiffusion toxigenicity assay. Microorganisms produced fluorescence under ultraviolet light and were catalase positive; urea and aesculin hydrolysis negative; fermentation of glucose, maltose and sucrose and no fermentation of mannitol and xylose; PYZ and CAMP reaction negative. The API-Coryne system was used for bacterial preliminary identification at local hospital laboratory and produced numerical profiles 1010325 and 0010325 for sucrose positive C. diphtheriae var. mitis (nitrate positive) and C. diphtheriae var. belfanti (nitrate negative), respectively. The hemagglutination, adherence to glass and polystyrene assays evaluated adhesive characteristics. Strains were toxigenic and able to adhere to glass, polystyrene and human erythrocyte surfaces (titer 4). C. diphtheriae strains isolated from cancer patients expressed adhesive characteristics similar to strains isolated from immunocompetent hosts. Circulation of toxigenic C. diphtheriae continues to present a threat for children and adults including patients with cancer in hospital environment. Laboratories should remain alert to the possibility of isolation of diphtheria bacilli from adults with neoplastic disease.
Subject(s)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae/isolation & purification , Cross Infection/complications , Diphtheria/complications , Neoplasms/complications , Adult , Aged , Bacterial Adhesion , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Bronchi/microbiology , Carbohydrate Metabolism , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/microbiology , Child , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/metabolism , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/physiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Diphtheria/microbiology , Disease Susceptibility , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Female , Fermentation , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/microbiology , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/microbiology , Skin Neoplasms/microbiologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological properties of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated from bronchiole washing and cancer lesions. Bacteriological characterization included fluorescence/double sugar urease (King/DSU) screening tests, pyrazinamidase (PYZ), CAMP-reactions and radial immunodiffusion toxigenicity assay. Microorganisms produced fluorescence under ultraviolet light and were catalase positive; urea and aesculin hydrolysis negative; fermentation of glucose, maltose and sucrose and no fermentation of mannitol and xylose; PYZ and CAMP reaction negative. The API-Coryne system was used for bacterial preliminary identification at local hospital laboratory and produced numerical profiles 1010325 and 0010325 for sucrose positive C. diphtheriae var. mitis (nitrate positive) and C. diphtheriae var. belfanti (nitrate negative), respectively. The hemagglutination, adherence to glass and polystyrene assays evaluated adhesive characteristics. Strains were toxigenic and able to adhere to glass, polystyrene and human erythrocyte surfaces (titer 4). C. diphtheriae strains isolated from cancer patients expressed adhesive characteristics similar to strains isolated from immunocompetent hosts. Circulation of toxigenic C. diphtheriae continues to present a threat for children and adults including patients with cancer in hospital environment. Laboratories should remain alert to the possibility of isolation of diphtheria bacilli from adults with neoplastic disease.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Corynebacterium diphtheriae , Diphtheria , Cross Infection/complications , Neoplasms , Bacterial Adhesion , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Bronchi , Carbohydrates , Carcinoma, Basal Cell , Corynebacterium diphtheriae , Diphtheria , Disease Susceptibility , Fermentation , Immunocompromised Host , Cross Infection/microbiology , Skin Neoplasms/microbiology , Neoplasms , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms , Drug Resistance, MicrobialABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological properties of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated from bronchiole washing and cancer lesions. Bacteriological characterization included fluorescence/double sugar urease (King/DSU) screening tests, pyrazinamidase (PYZ), CAMP-reactions and radial immunodiffusion toxigenicity assay. Microorganisms produced fluorescence under ultraviolet light and were catalase positive; urea and aesculin hydrolysis negative; fermentation of glucose, maltose and sucrose and no fermentation of mannitol and xylose; PYZ and CAMP reaction negative. The API-Coryne system was used for bacterial preliminary identification at local hospital laboratory and produced numerical profiles 1010325 and 0010325 for sucrose positive C. diphtheriae var. mitis (nitrate positive) and C. diphtheriae var. belfanti (nitrate negative), respectively. The hemagglutination, adherence to glass and polystyrene assays evaluated adhesive characteristics. Strains were toxigenic and able to adhere to glass, polystyrene and human erythrocyte surfaces (titer 4). C. diphtheriae strains isolated from cancer patients expressed adhesive characteristics similar to strains isolated from immunocompetent hosts. Circulation of toxigenic C. diphtheriae continues to present a threat for children and adults including patients with cancer in hospital environment. Laboratories should remain alert to the possibility of isolation of diphtheria bacilli from adults with neoplastic disease.(AU)