[Precut Vater's papilla. Prospective evaluation of frequency of use, effectiveness, complication and mortality. Cooperative study in the northwest of the province of Buenos Aires]. / Precorte de papila de vater. Evaluación prospectiva de frecuencia de uso, eficacia, complicaciones y mortalidad. Estudio cooperativo del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires.

INTRODUCTION: Precut papillotomy, has been considered a potentially dangerous procedure. In spite of this, numerous national and foreign referral centers have reported good results with the use of this technique that increases the cannulation rate and permits additional therapeutic procedures. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the procedure in terms of frequency of use, effectiveness, complications and mortality. PATIENT AND METHODS: Between January 1, 1996 and December 31, 1999, 419 ERCP were performed in our centers. We used precut papillotomy in 51 patients. Inclusion criteria for precut papillotomy protocol were: 1 precut papillotomy indication. 1-1 failure to cannulate the papilla, 1-2 appropriate indication, 1-3 Expert endoscopist, 2 complete follow up, 3 informed consent. The experimental design of the study was prospective. When the patients entered into the protocol, they underwent a needle-knife sphincterotomy according to Huibregise's technique. The follow up was done during 30 days, with a clinical examination, laboratory test and ultrasonography all of them weekly, to determine the possible complications according to Cotton's criteria and the mortality. RESULTS: 4-1) Precut frequency: 51 patients (pts.) (12.1%). 4-2) Follow up: 49 pts. (96.1%) fulfilled the weekly controls; 2 pts. (3.9%) did not come for the controls. 4-3) Sex and Age: Women 29 pts. (56.9%). Age 62.5 +/- 1.74 years. Men: 22 pts. (43.1%) Age +/- 3.35 years. 4-4) INDICATIONS: Jaundice, diagnosis and treatment: 44 pts. (86.3%), post-cholecystectomy pain; 4 pts. (7.8%), and idiopathic abdominal pain: 3 pts. (5.9%). 4-5) Effectiveness: First attempt 35 pts. (71.4%), second attempt: 10 pts (20.4%). Definite effectiveness: 45 pts. (98.1%), failure: 4 pts. (8.1%). 4-6) Complementary treatment: in 43 pts. we performed the following procedures: papillotomy and stone extraction: 26 pts. (53%), papillotomy and prosthesis: 9 pts. (18.4%), Prosthesis: 8 pts. (16.3%, only pre-cut papillotomy: 6 pts. (12.2%). 4-7 Final diagnoses: Coledocholithiasis 41 pts. (83.6%); Malignant obstruction of biliary duct: 4 pts. (8.2%), Pancreatic Cancer: 1 pts. (2%); Ampullary Cancer 1 pts. (2%). Oddi sphyncter dysfunction: 1 pts. (2%). 4-8. COMPLICATIONS: Total 9 pts. (18.4%). mild Haemorrhage: 7 pts. (14.4%). Acute pancreatitis: 2 pts. (4%), mild: 1 pts. (2%), severe: 1 pts. (2%) 4-9-Mortality: not recorded. CONCLUSIONS: 5-1 Precut papillotomy is used by us with the same frequency native authors use it, but less than foreign authors. 5-2 Age, sex, indications, complementary treatment and final diagnoses are similar to those repo. 5-3 reported by other authors. 5-3- High rate of follow up. 5-4- High percentage of effectiveness which coincide with consulted studies. Precut papillotomy was the only therapy in 12.2% of the cases. 5-5 Low percentage of complications and, when present, of minor importance coinciding with other authors. 5-6 No mortality. 5-7 In our experience, precut papillotomy was a safe and effective technique to cannulate the papilla.

Precorte de papila de vater. Evaluacion prospectiva de frecuencia de uso, eficacia, complicaciones y mortalidad. Estudio cooperativo del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires / Precut Vaters papilla. Prospective evaluation of frequency of use, effectiveness, complication and mortality. Cooperative study in thenorthwest of the province of Buenos Aires

1) INTRODUCTION: Precut papillotomy, has been considered a potentially dangerous procedure. In spite of this, numerous national and foreign referral centers have reported good results with the use of this technique that increases the cannulation rate and permits additional therapeutic procedures. 2) OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the procedure in terms of frequency of use, effectiveness, complications and mortality. 3) PATIENT AND METHODS: Between January 1, 1996 and December 31, 1999, 419 ERCP were performed in our centers. We used precut papillotomy in 51 patients. Inclusion criteria for precut papillotomy protocol were: 1 precut papillotomy indication. 1-1 failure to cannulate the papilla, 1-2 appropriate indication, 1-3 Expert endoscopist, 2 complete follow up, 3 informed consent. The experimental design of the study was prospective. When the patients entered into the protocol, they underwent a needle-knife sphincterotomy according to Huibregises technique. The follow up was done during 30 days, with a clinical examination, laboratory test and ultrasonography all of them weekly, to determine the possible complications according to Cottons criteria and the mortality. 4) RESULTS: 4-1) Precut frequency: 51 patients (pts.) (12.1 percent). 4-2) Follow up: 49 pts. (96.1 percent) fulfilled the weekly controls; 2 pts. (3.9 percent) did not come for the controls. 4-3) Sex and Age: Women 29 pts. (56.9 percent). Age 62.5 +/- 1.74 years. Men: 22 pts. (43.1 percent) Age +/- 3.35 years. 4-4) Indications: Jaundice, diagnosis and treatment: 44 pts. (86.3 percent), post-cholecystectomy pain; 4 pts. (7.8 percent), and idiopathic abdominal pain: 3 pts. (5.9 percent). 4-5) Effectiveness: First attempt 35 pts. (71.4 percent), second attempt: 10 pts (20.4 percent). Definite effectiveness: 45 pts. (98.1 percent), failure: 4 pts. (8.1 percent). 4-6) Complementary treatment: in 43 pts. we performed the following procedures: papillotomy and stone extraction: 26 pts. (53 percent), papillotomy and prosthesis: 9 pts. (18.4 percent), Prosthesis: 8 pts. (16.3 percent, only pre-cut papillotomy: 6 pts. (12.2 percent). 4-7 Final diagnoses: Coledocholithiasis 41 pts. (83.6 percent); Malignant obstruction of biliary duct: 4 pts. (8.2 percent), Pancreatic Cancer: 1 pts. (2 percent); Ampullary Cancer 1 pts. (2 percent). Oddi sphyncter dysfunction: 1 pts. (2 percent). 4-8... (Au)

Complicaçöes da esfincterotomia endoscópica e da cirurgia convencional empregados no tra tratamento da colecistite crônica calculosa com coledocolitíase / Complications of endoscopic sphincterotomy and conventional common bile duct exploration performed for cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis

Com o objetivo de estudar as complicações da esfincterotomia endoscópica, da papilotomia transduodenal, da colecistectomia e da extração de cálculos de colédoco por via convencional foram estudados 101 doentes com colecistite crônica calculosa e coledocolitíase atendidos no Hospital São Paulo/Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Cirúrgica da UNIFESP/EPM no período de 1989 a 1994. A idade dos doentes esteve entre 25 e 80 anos (média 48) e o sexo feminino esteve representado por 73 pacientes (72,3 por cento). A avaliação revelou que 66 (65,4 por cento) não apresentavam risco cirúrgico e 35 (35,6 por cento) foram classificados como ASA III. A esfincterotomia endoscópica foi realizada em 57 doentes (56,3 por cento e a colecistectomia com coledocolitotomia e drenagem biliar a Kehr e papilotomia transduodenal foi realizado em 61 casos (60,5 por cento). As complicações graves das técnicas estiveram relacionadas com a esfincterotomia endoscópica e a papilotomia transduodenal e foram representadas por pancreatite aguda, colangite aguda e fístula duodenal responsável por 2 casos de óbito (3,8 por cento). As complicações relacionadas com a extração cirúrgica convencional de cálculos de colédoco relacionaram-se com fístula biliar (9,9 por cento) e coleção intracavitária (2,0 por cento). A análise multivariada com regressão logística para complicações e óbitos relacionados com a técnicas revelou que a esfincterotomia endoscópica e a papilotomia transduodenal foram as técnicas de risco para complicações graves e óbitos; a exploração cirúrgica convencional para remoção dos cálculos de colédoco foi a técnica com complicações pós-operatórias mais freqüentes, porém não constituíram causa de óbito a colecistectomia convencional não foi causa de complicações e de óbitos.

Esfinterotomía endoscópica en el Hospital Regional de Talca: análisis y consideraciones / Endoscopic sphincterotomy at Hospital Regional of Talca: analysis and considerations

Entre 1990 y 1992, 78 enfermos fueron sometidos a una esfinterotomía endoscópica, EE. La indicación del procedimiento fue coledocolitiasis en 72 pacientes, fístula biliar o pancreática externa en 5 y una neoplasia de vía biliar en 1. El éxito del procedimiento fue de 68 por ciento en el primer grupo, 80 por ciento en el segundo y la colocación de una prótesis endoluminal fracasó en el paciente con un cáncer de la vía biliar. La morbilidad de la serie fue de 11,5 por ciento y 1 enfermo falleció por una perforación de colédoco 1,28 por ciento. Por ser una experiencia inicial se considera satisfactorio sus resultados analizándose las indicaciones, complicaciones de la EE y los principales obstáculos ocurridos en la introducción de la técnica

Esfinterotomía endoscópica: complicaciones y seguimento / Endoscopic sphincterotomy: complications and follow-up

En los 10 años comprendidos entre Abril de 1981 y el mismo mes de 1991, se realizaron 547 EPT, 74 con vesícula in situ, en 2 grupos semejantes desde el punto de vista técnico-anatómico, así como en cuanto a las indicaciones para la práctica, pero disímiles en sus características socio culturales. La morbilidad precoz indicó 31 complicaciones (5,6%), siendo la más frecuente la perforación en 8 casos y la hemorragia en 9. Se utilizó tratamiento médico, que incluye el endoscópico en 20 (3,7%) y quirúrgico en 11 (2,0%). La mortalidad fue de 1.8% (10 casos), debida principalmente a perforación (4) y colecistitits (3). En 3 (0,5%) oportunidades se produjeron óbitos no inherentes al método. Las maniobras agregadas no implicaron un aumento significativo de la morbimortalidad. Analizando las complicaciones en relación con la causa de realización de la EPT, se observa que las mismas se produjeron más frecuentemente en las litiasis coledocianas: 20(3,6%), seguidas por la litiasis coledociana y vesicular: 7(1,2%) pero con una mortalidad respectiva de 0.7% y 0.5%. Se compara críticamente la morbimortalidad de los dos últimos años con la de los precedentes. El seguimiento se realizó en 114 (20,8%) de los casos con una clara disparidad entre el grupo de más alto índice socio cultural (76 casos) y el de bajo (38 casos). Se hallaron 18 patológicos (3,3%), analizándose el tratamiento de cada una de estas complicaciones a largo plazo

Esfinterotomía endoscópica: complicaciones y seguimento / Endoscopic sphincterotomy: complications and follow-up

En los 10 años comprendidos entre Abril de 1981 y el mismo mes de 1991, se realizaron 547 EPT, 74 con vesícula in situ, en 2 grupos semejantes desde el punto de vista técnico-anatómico, así como en cuanto a las indicaciones para la práctica, pero disímiles en sus características socio culturales. La morbilidad precoz indicó 31 complicaciones (5,6%), siendo la más frecuente la perforación en 8 casos y la hemorragia en 9. Se utilizó tratamiento médico, que incluye el endoscópico en 20 (3,7%) y quirúrgico en 11 (2,0%). La mortalidad fue de 1.8% (10 casos), debida principalmente a perforación (4) y colecistitits (3). En 3 (0,5%) oportunidades se produjeron óbitos no inherentes al método. Las maniobras agregadas no implicaron un aumento significativo de la morbimortalidad. Analizando las complicaciones en relación con la causa de realización de la EPT, se observa que las mismas se produjeron más frecuentemente en las litiasis coledocianas: 20(3,6%), seguidas por la litiasis coledociana y vesicular: 7(1,2%) pero con una mortalidad respectiva de 0.7% y 0.5%. Se compara críticamente la morbimortalidad de los dos últimos años con la de los precedentes. El seguimiento se realizó en 114 (20,8%) de los casos con una clara disparidad entre el grupo de más alto índice socio cultural (76 casos) y el de bajo (38 casos). Se hallaron 18 patológicos (3,3%), analizándose el tratamiento de cada una de estas complicaciones a largo plazo (AU)

[Endoscopic sphincterotomy. Complications and follow-up]. / Esfinterotomía endoscópica. Complicaciones y seguimiento.

Between April 1981 and April 1991, there were 547 EPT performed, seventy-five of which had in situ gall bladder. They were performed in two groups, who were similar from the technical-anatomical point of view, and sociocultural background. The early morbidity showed 31 complications (5.6%). The most frequent ones were: perforation in 8 cases and haemorrhage in 5. Medical treatment, which included the endoscopic technique in 20 cases (3.7%) and surgical procedures in 11 cases (2.0%) was used. The mortality rate was 1.8% (10 cases), perforation (4) and cholecystitis (3) being the main causes. There were three deaths (0.5%) not related to the method. The morbi-mortality was not significantly increased by the complementary methods. After analysing the complications related to the cause of EPT performance, it was observed that they were more frequently produced in choledochal stones: 20 (3.6%), followed by choledochal and gall bladder stones: 7 (1.3%). However the mortality was 0.7% in the former and 0.5% in the latter. The morbi-mortality of the last two years is compared to that of the preceding ones. The follow-up was done in 114 (20.8%) of the cases with a marked difference between the high sociocultural group (76 cases) and the low one (36). Eighteen pathological cases were found (3.3%). The treatment of each complication in long term is shown.

[Endoscopic sphincterotomy. Its complications and their follow-up]. / Esfinterotomía endoscópica. Complicaciones y seguimiento.

Between April 1981 and April 1991, there were 547 EPT performed, seventy-five of which had in situ gall bladder. They were performed in two groups, who were similar from the technical-anatomical point of view, and sociocultural background. The early morbidity showed 31 complications (5.6%). The most frequent ones were:perforation in 8 cases and haemorrhage in 5. Medical treatment, which included the endoscopic technique in 20 cases (3.7%) and surgical procedures in 11 cases (2.0%) was used. The mortality rate was 1.8% (10 cases), perforation (4) and cholecystitis (3) being the main causes. There were three deaths (0.5%) not related to the method. The morbimortality was not significantly increased by the complementary methods. After analysing the complications related to the cause of EPT performance, it was observed that they were more frequently produced in choledochal stones: 20 (3.6%), followed by choledochal and gall bladder stones: 7 (1.3%). However the mortality was 0.7% in the former and 0.5% in the latter. The morbimortality of the last two years is compared to that of the preceding ones. The follow-up was done in 114 (20.8%) of the cases with a marked difference between the high sociocultural group (76 cases) and the low one (36). Eighteen pathological cases were found (3.3%). The treatment of each complication in long term is shown.