Epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of canine transmissible venereal tumor in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2015-2020) / Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e terapêuticos do tumor venéreo transmissível canino no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (2015-2020)

Canine transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) have a high incidence in Brazil. This is partly due to the large population of stray dogs and the ineffectiveness of epidemiological control programs. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological data, clinical manifestations, and treatments used in dogs affected by TVT. Data were retrospectively collected from the 2015-2020 records of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. A total of 252 dogs were diagnosed with TVT during the study period. Of these, 81.3% were mixed-breed, 50.4% were males, and 88.9% were young or adult animals. The genital region only was affected in 77.3% of cases. Exclusively extragenital lesions were observed in 22.6% of cases. Among the animals seen, 40.1% received no treatment. Of those treated, 99.3% underwent a vincristine sulfate protocol, and in 77.2%, the treatment resulted in total remission of the neoplasm after 4 to 6 chemotherapy sessions. It was concluded that TVT is a neoplasm most often seen in mixed-breed dogs and located in the genital region, with hemorrhagic secretion being the main clinical sign reported by owners. Vincristine sulfate is currently the most used therapy, with high efficacy. However, despite the good prognosis, there was a high rate of non-adherence or abandonment of treatment, and this is an important factor to be considered and addressed by veterinarians.

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) apresenta elevada incidência no Brasil, relacionada a elevada população de caninos errantes e a ineficácia dos programas de controle epidemiológicos. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever dados epidemiológicos, manifestação clínica e o tratamento empregado em cães acometidos pelo TVT no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 2015 e 2020. Foram diagnosticados 252 cães com TVT durante o período do estudo, sendo 81,3% cães sem raça definida, 50,4% machos e 49,6% fêmeas, e com 88,9% animais jovens ou adultos. A região genital foi acometida em 77,3% dos casos. Lesões exclusivamente extragenitais foram observadas em 22,6% dos casos. Quanto ao tratamento, 40,1% dos cães não receberam tratamento. Entre os animais tratados, 99,3% utilizaram protocolo com sulfato de vincristina e em 77,2% o tratamento resultou em remissão total da neoplasia, com a realização de 4 a 6 sessões do quimioterápico. Conclui-se que o TVT é uma neoplasia frequentemente relacionada a cães sem raça definida, localizados na região genital, com secreção hemorrágica sendo o principal sinal clínico reportado pelos proprietários. O sulfato de vincristina é a terapia mais empregada, com alta eficácia. Entretanto, apesar de ser uma neoplasia com bom prognóstico, o alto índice de não adesão ou abandono ao tratamento representa um importante fator a ser considerado e trabalhado pelos médicos veterinários.

Diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumors in bitches - platelet indices are a remarkable marker?

Background: Hematological analyses are seen as more preferred laboratory analyses in canine transmissible venereal tumor studies. There is no information about the availability of platelets and their indices in routine practice in canine transmissible venereal tumor cases. Taking this as a starting point, this study analyzed the usefulness of platelet indices in dogs with transmissible venereal tumor in clinical laboratory diagnosis as well as examined the relationship between white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets (PLT), main platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT), and the ratio of main platelet volume to platelets (MPV/PLT). Materials, Methods & Results: In the study, a total of 42 bitches of various breeds were used. Nineteen healthy bitches were used as a control group, and the others 23 with cTVT as a study group. Metastasis was not observed in any of the bitches involved in the study. History, clinical findings, and cytological examinations were evaluated for the diagnosis of cTVT. In animals with hemorrhagic discharge and neoplastic lesions, a vaginal cytological examination was performed. Typical TVT cells with large nuclei and intracytoplasmic vacuoles were observed in the vaginal cytological examinations, and the diagnosis of TVT was made. Healthy bitches (19) and those with TVT (23) were 39.16 5.37 months and 47.61 5.14 months old, respectively. From all animals, 2 mL blood samples were collected from V. cephalica to evaluate PIs in the complete blood count (CBC). Collected blood samples were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer. As a result of the analysis, WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCHC, RDW, PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT, and MPV/PLT data were obtained. Mild leukocytosis, an increase in PLT, and a decrease in MCV and MPV/PLT were determined in the study group compared to the control group. Cut-off values in CBC of bitches with TVT were determined as WBC: 13.35 (sensitivity: 78%; specificity: 90%); MCV: 67 (sensitivity: 57%; specificity: 95%); PLT: 315.50 (sensitivity: 65%; specificity: 74%); and MPV/PLT: 0.028 (sensitivity: 78%; specificity: 58%). In CBC analyses, a strong negative correlation between PLT and MPV/PLT was detected in both groups. Discussion: Canine transmissible venereal tumors are common in both stray and pet dogs. It is naturally transferred from animal to animal during mating by live tumor cells. This tumor can commonly affect the external genitalia and internal organs in some cases. It generally has the look of cauliflower, and its surface is ulcerated, inflammatory, hemorrhagic, and infectious. More preferred laboratory analyses are complete blood count and blood chemistry analysis in cTVT for to evaluate the success of treatments. Platelet indices have been investigated in many diseases such as endotoxemia, chronic enteropathy, mammary tumor, parvoviral enteritis, septic peritonitis, lymphoma, pyometra, visceral leishmaniasis, and babesiosis in dogs. There is no information available for either diagnostic or prognostic use of the PIs in canine TVT cases. Ultimately, in light of the presented study's results, platelet indices, especially PLT and the MPV/PLT ratio, seem to be notable laboratory markers in terms of easy accessibility and low-cost assessment techniques in canine transmissible venereal tumor cases. New data, however, should be established by a thorough follow-up study using a larger sample size and addressing its usefulness as a diagnostic or prognostic marker in canine transmissible venereal tumors.

Tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) nasal em cães / Nasal transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) in dogs

Background: Transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) are naturally occurring neoplasms that can be transmitted throughcopulation or cell transplantation. It is a disease that affects canines, has no preference for sex or breed, and generallynoticed in the external genital apparatus. Extragenital occurrence may eventually be seen; however, nasal involvementhas been described in only a few reports of studies conducted in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study is to report3 cases of nasal TVT in dogs who were treated in 2 municipalities in the mountainous region of Santa Catarina, Brazil.Cases: This case report includes 3 male mixed-breed canines of age 3-13. Only 1 of the animals was castrated. As per themedical history, some points, such as an enlarged nasal region, sneezing, nasal discharge, and hoarseness, reported by thedogs’ respective owners were similar among all the dogs. Likewise, nosebleed was observed on physical examination inall the cases. The result of cytological examination was inconclusive only in 1 case. Rhinoscopy, incisional biopsy, andhistopathological examination were then performed for achieving a definitive diagnosis. In the 2 cases wherein cytologygave conclusive results, the cytological smears showed changes suggestive of TVT, such as cells with eccentric nuclei andlittle cytoplasm, which had vacuoles inside them. In 2 cases, radiographic examinations of the skull were also performed.The images showed changes in bone radiopacity, conformation of trabeculae with areas of bone lysis and cell proliferation,and irregularity in the contour of the nasal bone. After TVT diagnosis was confirmed, chemotherapy was initiated usingvincristine at a dose of 0.75 mg/m2 for 2 cases and 0.025 mg/kg for the remaining case...

Tumor venéreo transmissível canino em laringe com metástase pulmonar / Canine transmissible venereal tumor in the larynx with pulmonary metastasis

Background: Canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is one of the most common canine neoplasms in Brazil. Lesions develop mainly in the genital tissue and less frequently in other areas, in the extragenital form. Metastasis is rare, and the disease progression depends on the patient’s immune status. The treatment of choice is chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate, considered an effective and safe modality. The present work describes the first case of extragenital TVT in the larynx with pulmonary metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Case: An approximately 4-month-old mixed-breed bitch was attended manifesting acute clinical respiratory signs. The patient had been rescued from the street 2 months beforehand. Physical examination revealed pale mucous membranes and crackling pulmonary auscultation. Thoracic radiography was performed in 3 projections, showing multiple nodules in the lung parenchyma, followed by cytopathological examination using fine needle puncture guided by thoracic ultrasound, confirming the diagnosis of TVT. Considering the cytological finding and the absence of primary tumor lesions in the genital, oral, cutaneous or nasal regions, endoscopy was performed in order to locate a possible primary focus. The exam revealed a small erythematous tumor with smooth and regular surface, measuring approximately 2.5 cm, located in the larynx, between the arytenoid cartilages. Chemotherapy was performed with vincristine sulfate with radiographic follow-up throughout the treatment. Full remission of the pulmonary and laryngeal nodules was achieved at the end of the protocol. The animal remained in complete remission for a period of 2 years. Discussion: TVT is more frequently observed in animals of active reproductive age, and rarely in animals under 1 year of age, as in the case...

Tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) nasal em cães / Nasal transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) in dogs

Background: Transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) are naturally occurring neoplasms that can be transmitted throughcopulation or cell transplantation. It is a disease that affects canines, has no preference for sex or breed, and generallynoticed in the external genital apparatus. Extragenital occurrence may eventually be seen; however, nasal involvementhas been described in only a few reports of studies conducted in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study is to report3 cases of nasal TVT in dogs who were treated in 2 municipalities in the mountainous region of Santa Catarina, Brazil.Cases: This case report includes 3 male mixed-breed canines of age 3-13. Only 1 of the animals was castrated. As per themedical history, some points, such as an enlarged nasal region, sneezing, nasal discharge, and hoarseness, reported by thedogs respective owners were similar among all the dogs. Likewise, nosebleed was observed on physical examination inall the cases. The result of cytological examination was inconclusive only in 1 case. Rhinoscopy, incisional biopsy, andhistopathological examination were then performed for achieving a definitive diagnosis. In the 2 cases wherein cytologygave conclusive results, the cytological smears showed changes suggestive of TVT, such as cells with eccentric nuclei andlittle cytoplasm, which had vacuoles inside them. In 2 cases, radiographic examinations of the skull were also performed.The images showed changes in bone radiopacity, conformation of trabeculae with areas of bone lysis and cell proliferation,and irregularity in the contour of the nasal bone. After TVT diagnosis was confirmed, chemotherapy was initiated usingvincristine at a dose of 0.75 mg/m2 for 2 cases and 0.025 mg/kg for the remaining case...(AU)

Pulmonary metastasis of transmissible venereal tumour in a dog: a case report / Metastase pulmonar de tumor venéreo transmissível em um cão: relato de caso

The transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) is one of the most frequent neoplasias in dogs. This tumour has specific characteristics, and it is exclusively of canines. Its transmission occurs through viable neoplastic cell transplantation when in contact with mucosa or unhealthy skin and rarely metastasise. This paper aims to report a rare presentation of pulmonary metastasis of widespread transmissible venereal tumours in a Blue Heeler dog. The patient was cachectic, dyspnoeic, and dehydrated and had multiple skin and pharynx nodulations. The cytology of all cutaneous nodulations showed round vacuolated cells with large eccentric nuclei and loose chromatin, which is compatible with TVTs microscopic characteristics. Owing to the clinical evolution and reserved prognosis, the patient was euthanized. Necroscopy revealed a mass in the right pulmonary caudal lobe. The mass showed the same histopathologic characteristic of the others: not encapsulated infiltrative neoplastic proliferation of round vacuolated cells. The atypical manifestation of cutaneous metastasis and mainly pulmonary metastasis, in this case, denote the importance of TVT inclusion as a differential in cutaneous neoplasia, even if they show distant organ metastasis. Therefore, it emphasised the importance of cytology and histology in the diagnosis of nodular affections.(AU)

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é uma das neoplasias mais frequentes em cães. Com características específi-cas, esse tumor é exclusivo da espécie canina. Sua transmição acontece através da transplantação de células neoplásicas viáveis quando em contato com mucosas ou pele não íntegra, raramente ocorrendo metástases. Este trabalho visa relatar a apresen-tação rara de metástase pulmonar de tumor venéreo transmissível generalizado em um cão Blue Heeler. O paciente apresen-tava-se caquético, dispneico, desidratado e com diversas nodulações cutâneas e em faringe. A citologia de todas as nodulações cutâneas evidenciaram células redondas vacuolizadas, com núcleo excêntrico grande e cromatina frouxa, compatível com as características microscópicas de TVT. Em decorrência da evolução clínica e prognóstico reservado, o paciente foi eutanasiado. No exame macroscópico foi evidenciado massa em lobo caudal do pulmão direito com as mesmas características histopatoló-gicas dos demais nódulos, proliferação neoplásica de células redondas vacuolizadas infiltrativas não encapsuladas. A manifes-tação atípica de metástases cutâneas e principalmente pulmonar neste caso denota a importância da inclusão do TVT como diferencial de neoplasias cutâneas mesmo com metástase em órgãos. Com isso ressalta-sea importância de exames de citopa-tologia e histopatologia no diagnóstico de afecções nodulares.(AU)

Pulmonary metastasis of transmissible venereal tumour in a dog: a case report / Metastase pulmonar de tumor venéreo transmissível em um cão: relato de caso

The transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) is one of the most frequent neoplasias in dogs. This tumour has specific characteristics, and it is exclusively of canines. Its transmission occurs through viable neoplastic cell transplantation when in contact with mucosa or unhealthy skin and rarely metastasise. This paper aims to report a rare presentation of pulmonary metastasis of widespread transmissible venereal tumours in a Blue Heeler dog. The patient was cachectic, dyspnoeic, and dehydrated and had multiple skin and pharynx nodulations. The cytology of all cutaneous nodulations showed round vacuolated cells with large eccentric nuclei and loose chromatin, which is compatible with TVT’s microscopic characteristics. Owing to the clinical evolution and reserved prognosis, the patient was euthanized. Necroscopy revealed a mass in the right pulmonary caudal lobe. The mass showed the same histopathologic characteristic of the others: not encapsulated infiltrative neoplastic proliferation of round vacuolated cells. The atypical manifestation of cutaneous metastasis and mainly pulmonary metastasis, in this case, denote the importance of TVT inclusion as a differential in cutaneous neoplasia, even if they show distant organ metastasis. Therefore, it emphasised the importance of cytology and histology in the diagnosis of nodular affections.

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é uma das neoplasias mais frequentes em cães. Com características específi-cas, esse tumor é exclusivo da espécie canina. Sua transmição acontece através da transplantação de células neoplásicas viáveis quando em contato com mucosas ou pele não íntegra, raramente ocorrendo metástases. Este trabalho visa relatar a apresen-tação rara de metástase pulmonar de tumor venéreo transmissível generalizado em um cão Blue Heeler. O paciente apresen-tava-se caquético, dispneico, desidratado e com diversas nodulações cutâneas e em faringe. A citologia de todas as nodulações cutâneas evidenciaram células redondas vacuolizadas, com núcleo excêntrico grande e cromatina frouxa, compatível com as características microscópicas de TVT. Em decorrência da evolução clínica e prognóstico reservado, o paciente foi eutanasiado. No exame macroscópico foi evidenciado massa em lobo caudal do pulmão direito com as mesmas características histopatoló-gicas dos demais nódulos, proliferação neoplásica de células redondas vacuolizadas infiltrativas não encapsuladas. A manifes-tação atípica de metástases cutâneas e principalmente pulmonar neste caso denota a importância da inclusão do TVT como diferencial de neoplasias cutâneas mesmo com metástase em órgãos. Com isso ressalta-sea importância de exames de citopa-tologia e histopatologia no diagnóstico de afecções nodulares.

Tumor venéreo canino transmissível com metástase mamária / Canine transmissible venereal tumor with mammary metastasis

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é uma neoplasia canina de elevada incidência e relevância clínica. A transmissão decorre da transplantação de células neoplásicas durante o acasalamento, lambedura, mordedura ou farejamento das regiões acometidas. O diagnóstico baseia-se nos sinais clínicos e exames laboratoriais (exame citológico / exame histopatológico / exame imuno-histoquímico). Diferentes tratamentos (excisão cirúrgica /radioterapia / quimioterapia) são recomendados. O quimioterápico sulfato de vincristina apresenta-se eficaz. Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar um caso de TVT canino. Uma cadela, sem raça definida (SRD), pesando 9 kg, não castrada, apresentou ao exame clínico ondulações e sangramento progressivo na região genital, além de um nódulo localizado na glândula mamária inguinal direita, sugestivo de TVT. A mesma foi submetida a exames laboratoriais (hemograma completo/exame bioquímico), exame citológico e exame ultrassonográfico abdominal. O diagnóstico citológico confirmou a suspeita de TVT. O quimioterápico sulfato de vincristina na dose de 0,05 mg/kg administrado por via intravenosa quatro vezes a intervalos semanais foi utilizado no tratamento. O diagnóstico citológico após o tratamento demonstrou ausência de células neoplásicas. Em conclusão, o tratamento do TVT utilizando o quimioterápico sulfato de vinscristina demonstrou-se eficaz.(AU)

Transmissible venereral tumor (TVT) is a canine neoplasm of high incidence and clinical relevance. Transmission results from the transplantation of neoplastic cells during mating, licking, biting or sniffing of the affected regions. The diagnosis is based on clinical signs and laboratory tests (cytological examination / histopathologic examination / immune histochemical examination). Different treatments (surgical excision / radiotherapy /chemotherapy) are recommended. The chemotherapeutic vincristine sulfate is effective. This study aimed to report a case of canine TVT. A dog, without defined breed (SRD), weighing 9 kg, uncastrated, presenting nodulations and progressive bleeding in the genital region, in addition to a nodule located in the right inguinal mammary gland, suggestive of TVT. The dog was submitted to laboratory tests (complete blood count/biochemical examination), cytological examination and abdominal ultrasound examination. The cytologic diagnosis confirmed the suspicion of TVT. The chemotherapeutic vincristine sulfate at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg administered intravenously four times at weekly intervals was used in the treatment. The cytological diagnosis after treatment showed absence of neoplastic cells. In conclusion, the treatment of TVT using the chemotherapeutic vinscristine sulfate has been shown to be effective.(AU)

Tumor venéreo canino transmissível com metástase mamária / Canine transmissible venereal tumor with mammary metastasis

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é uma neoplasia canina de elevada incidência e relevância clínica. A transmissão decorre da transplantação de células neoplásicas durante o acasalamento, lambedura, mordedura ou farejamento das regiões acometidas. O diagnóstico baseia-se nos sinais clínicos e exames laboratoriais (exame citológico / exame histopatológico / exame imuno-histoquímico). Diferentes tratamentos (excisão cirúrgica /radioterapia / quimioterapia) são recomendados. O quimioterápico sulfato de vincristina apresenta-se eficaz. Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar um caso de TVT canino. Uma cadela, sem raça definida (SRD), pesando 9 kg, não castrada, apresentou ao exame clínico ondulações e sangramento progressivo na região genital, além de um nódulo localizado na glândula mamária inguinal direita, sugestivo de TVT. A mesma foi submetida a exames laboratoriais (hemograma completo/exame bioquímico), exame citológico e exame ultrassonográfico abdominal. O diagnóstico citológico confirmou a suspeita de TVT. O quimioterápico sulfato de vincristina na dose de 0,05 mg/kg administrado por via intravenosa quatro vezes a intervalos semanais foi utilizado no tratamento. O diagnóstico citológico após o tratamento demonstrou ausência de células neoplásicas. Em conclusão, o tratamento do TVT utilizando o quimioterápico sulfato de vinscristina demonstrou-se eficaz.

Transmissible venereral tumor (TVT) is a canine neoplasm of high incidence and clinical relevance. Transmission results from the transplantation of neoplastic cells during mating, licking, biting or sniffing of the affected regions. The diagnosis is based on clinical signs and laboratory tests (cytological examination / histopathologic examination / immune histochemical examination). Different treatments (surgical excision / radiotherapy /chemotherapy) are recommended. The chemotherapeutic vincristine sulfate is effective. This study aimed to report a case of canine TVT. A dog, without defined breed (SRD), weighing 9 kg, uncastrated, presenting nodulations and progressive bleeding in the genital region, in addition to a nodule located in the right inguinal mammary gland, suggestive of TVT. The dog was submitted to laboratory tests (complete blood count/biochemical examination), cytological examination and abdominal ultrasound examination. The cytologic diagnosis confirmed the suspicion of TVT. The chemotherapeutic vincristine sulfate at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg administered intravenously four times at weekly intervals was used in the treatment. The cytological diagnosis after treatment showed absence of neoplastic cells. In conclusion, the treatment of TVT using the chemotherapeutic vinscristine sulfate has been shown to be effective.

Presença de Leishmania sp. e Dirofilaria immitis em / Tumor Venéreo Transmissível Canino cutâneo / Presence of Leishmania sp. and Dirofilaria immitis in Cutaneous Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor

Background: Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) is a neoplasm transmitted by implantation of its cells into genitaland extragenital organs, while Heartworm and Visceral Leishmaniasis are zoonosis transmitted by hematophagous insectsthat are often underdiagnosed in asymptomatic animals. Coinfection by the agents of these parasitosis is well documented,however, the association of both diseases with the CTVT is still unusual. Thus, it was aimed to report a case of incidentalidentification of microfilariae of D. immitis and amastigotes forms of Leishmania sp. in cutaneous CTVT by cytology in anasymptomatic dog for the parasitosis.Case: A 6-year-old, male, mongrel, sexually intact dog from the city of Patos, Paraiba, Brazil, was presented with a cutaneouscircumscribed tumoral lesion in a region adjacent to the right olecranon, with an ulcerated surface of reddish color, havingareas of necrosis inside and larvae (myiasis), draining bloody secretion. The material was collected for cytological analysis,which proved to be Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) with the presence of amastigote forms of Leishmania sp.and microfilariae of D. immitis among neoplastic cells. Blood count, serum urea, creatinine and albumin, ALT, AST, FA,CK, Na+, K+, Ca++, CK-MB, Troponin I (cTnI), Snap 4Dx Plus (Idexx®), Snap Leishmania (Idexx®), and Knotts test wereperformed, plus chest radiography, blood pressure measurements and electrocardiogram (ECG). The alterations found corresponded to normochromic normocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, microfilariae in the Knott test, increaseof CK, CK-MB and cTnI, positivity for Erlichia sp., Anaplasma sp., Leishmania sp. and Dirofilaria immitis. Furthermorecardiomegaly on radiographs and sinus arrhythmia associated with atrioventricular block (AVB) of the first degree on theECG. Euthanasia was performed after necropsy, in which adult worms were...(AU)

Tumor venéreo transmissível em região perianal em canino: relato de caso / Transmissible venereal tumor in perianal region in canine: case report / Tumor venéreo transmisible en região perianal en perro: reporte de caso

o tumor venéreo transmissível ou Tumor de Sticker, trata se de uma neoplasia de ocorrência espontânea comum nos órgãos genitais, sem envolvimento de qualquer agente infeccioso em sua etiologia, quando células tumorais ou neoplásicas são implantadas mecanicamente, através de montas naturais e também por lambedura excessiva da área genital, ocasionando lesões em nariz, boca, cavidade oral e até mesmo na pele, porém tem sido descrito em várias localizações extragenitais, como ânus, globo ocular, tecido subcutâneo e pele. Foi atendido numa Clínica Veterinária em Maceió - AL, um cão, macho, raça Poodle, 7 anos, domiciliado, apresentando aumento de volume na região perianal, uma massa com aspecto vegetante irregular e friável há 2 semanas, com presença de secreção serossanguinolenta ininterrupta, foram realizados exames citológicos através de decalque da lesão, onde foi possível observar a presença de células redondas, excêntricas, com nucléolo único proeminente e com múltiplos vacúolos claros individualmente com limites citoplasmáticos bem definidos. Foi instituído tratamento com quimioterápico, através do sulfato de vincristina na dose de 0,1 mg/kg, administrado por via intravenosa com fluidoterapia, uma vez por semana, durante quatro semanas. O animal recebeu alta com remissão completa das lesões.

Transmissible venereal tumor or Sticker tumor is a neoplasm of spontaneous occurrence common in the genital organs, without involvement of any infectious agent in its etiology, when tumor or neoplastic cells are implanted mechanically, through natural mounts and also by excessive licking of the genital area, causing lesions in the nose, mouth, oral cavity and even in the skin, but has been described in several extragenital locations, such as anus, eyeball, subcutaneous tissue and skin. It was attended at a Veterinary Clinic in Maceió - Al, a dog, male, Poodle breed, 7 years old, domiciled with increased volume in the perianal region, a mass with irregular and friable vegetative appearance for 2 weeks, with uninterrupted serosanguinolenta secretion, cytological exams were performed through a lesion decal, where it was possible to observe the presence of round, eccentric cells with prominent single nucleolus and with multiple clear vacuoles individually with well defined cytoplasmic limits. Treatment with chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg was given intravenously with fluid therapy once a week for four weeks. The animal was discharged with complete remission of the lesions.

El tumor venéreo transmisible o Tumor de Sticker, se trata de una neoplasia de ocurrencia espontánea común en los órganos genitales, sin implicación de ningún agente infeccioso en sue tiología, cuando células tumorales o neoplásicas son implantadas mecánicamente, a través de montas naturales y también por lamedura excesiva de la zona genital, ocasionando lesiones en nariz, boca, cavidad oral e incluso en la piel, pero ha sido descrito en varias localizaciones extragenitales, como ano, globo ocular, tejido subcutáneo y piel. En el caso de la vacunación, se observó un aumento del volumen en la región perianal, una masa con aspecto vegetativo irregular y friable hace 2 semanas, con presencia de secreción serosanguinolenta ininterrumpida, se realizaron exámenes citológicos a través de la caldera de la lesión, donde fue posible observar la presencia de células redondas, excéntricas, con nucléolo único prominente y con múltiples vacuolos claros individualmente con límites citoplasmáticos bien definidos. Se estableció tratamiento con quimioterápico a través del sulfato de vincristina a una dosis de 0,1 mg/kg, administrada por vía intravenosa con fluidoterapia una vez a la semana durante cuatro semanas. El animal recibió alta con remisión completa de las lesiones.

Tumor venéreo transmissível em região perianal em canino: relato de caso / Transmissible venereal tumor in perianal region in canine: case report / Tumor venéreo transmisible en região perianal en perro: reporte de caso

o tumor venéreo transmissível ou Tumor de Sticker, trata se de uma neoplasia de ocorrência espontânea comum nos órgãos genitais, sem envolvimento de qualquer agente infeccioso em sua etiologia, quando células tumorais ou neoplásicas são implantadas mecanicamente, através de montas naturais e também por lambedura excessiva da área genital, ocasionando lesões em nariz, boca, cavidade oral e até mesmo na pele, porém tem sido descrito em várias localizações extragenitais, como ânus, globo ocular, tecido subcutâneo e pele. Foi atendido numa Clínica Veterinária em Maceió - AL, um cão, macho, raça Poodle, 7 anos, domiciliado, apresentando aumento de volume na região perianal, uma massa com aspecto vegetante irregular e friável há 2 semanas, com presença de secreção serossanguinolenta ininterrupta, foram realizados exames citológicos através de decalque da lesão, onde foi possível observar a presença de células redondas, excêntricas, com nucléolo único proeminente e com múltiplos vacúolos claros individualmente com limites citoplasmáticos bem definidos. Foi instituído tratamento com quimioterápico, através do sulfato de vincristina na dose de 0,1 mg/kg, administrado por via intravenosa com fluidoterapia, uma vez por semana, durante quatro semanas. O animal recebeu alta com remissão completa das lesões.(AU)

Transmissible venereal tumor or Sticker tumor is a neoplasm of spontaneous occurrence common in the genital organs, without involvement of any infectious agent in its etiology, when tumor or neoplastic cells are implanted mechanically, through natural mounts and also by excessive licking of the genital area, causing lesions in the nose, mouth, oral cavity and even in the skin, but has been described in several extragenital locations, such as anus, eyeball, subcutaneous tissue and skin. It was attended at a Veterinary Clinic in Maceió - Al, a dog, male, Poodle breed, 7 years old, domiciled with increased volume in the perianal region, a mass with irregular and friable vegetative appearance for 2 weeks, with uninterrupted serosanguinolenta secretion, cytological exams were performed through a lesion decal, where it was possible to observe the presence of round, eccentric cells with prominent single nucleolus and with multiple clear vacuoles individually with well defined cytoplasmic limits. Treatment with chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg was given intravenously with fluid therapy once a week for four weeks. The animal was discharged with complete remission of the lesions.(AU)

El tumor venéreo transmisible o Tumor de Sticker, se trata de una neoplasia de ocurrencia espontánea común en los órganos genitales, sin implicación de ningún agente infeccioso en sue tiología, cuando células tumorales o neoplásicas son implantadas mecánicamente, a través de montas naturales y también por lamedura excesiva de la zona genital, ocasionando lesiones en nariz, boca, cavidad oral e incluso en la piel, pero ha sido descrito en varias localizaciones extragenitales, como ano, globo ocular, tejido subcutáneo y piel. En el caso de la vacunación, se observó un aumento del volumen en la región perianal, una masa con aspecto vegetativo irregular y friable hace 2 semanas, con presencia de secreción serosanguinolenta ininterrumpida, se realizaron exámenes citológicos a través de la caldera de la lesión, donde fue posible observar la presencia de células redondas, excéntricas, con nucléolo único prominente y con múltiples vacuolos claros individualmente con límites citoplasmáticos bien definidos. Se estableció tratamiento con quimioterápico a través del sulfato de vincristina a una dosis de 0,1 mg/kg, administrada por vía intravenosa con fluidoterapia una vez a la semana durante cuatro semanas. El animal recibió alta con remisión completa de las lesiones.(AU)

Tumor venéreo transmissível cutâneo sem envolvimento genital em cão macho / Transmissible cutaneous venereal tumor without genital involvement in a male dog / Cutánea tumor venéreo transmisible sin la participación genital en perro macho

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) trata-se de uma neoplasia de células redondas, transmitida a partir do transplante de células neoplásicas, altamente contagiosa, que afeta principalmente a genitália externa de caninos e também regiões extragenitais. A forma cutânea geralmente acomete a região de face e membros, secundária a um foco genital primário de forma simultânea. Relata-se um caso de TVT cutâneo sem envolvimento genital em um cão macho sem padrão de raça definida (SPRD), quatro anos de idade, semidomiciliado, com queixa principal de aparecimento de lesão única, de caráter nodular, friável, ulcerada com exsudação sanguinolenta na região cervical lateral. Foi realizada punção aspirativa com agulha fina para avaliação citológica, que demostrou predomínio de células redondas monomórficas, com vacuolização citoplasmática, citoplasma basofílico e escasso, além de núcleos ovais e centralizados, citologia esta compatível com TVT. Adotou-se o protocolo de tratamento quimioterápico com sulfato de vincristina 0,025 mg/kg a cada sete dias, com regressão completa do tumor após seis semanas. O envolvimento do tecido cutâneo sem acometimento venéreo é raro, e diante disso o TVT pode ser incluído como diagnóstico diferencial de lesões nodulares ou tumorais isoladas.

The transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a round cells tumor, transmitted from the highly contagious neoplastic cell transplantation, which mainly affects the external genitalia of dogs and also extragenital regions. The cutaneous form usually affects the region of the face and limbs, secondary to a primary genital focus simultaneously. A case of cutaneous TVT without genital involvement is reported in a four-year-old male, without racial standard set, half-domiciled, with a major complaint of a nodular, friable and ulcerated lesion with bloody exudation in the lateral cervical region. Fine needle aspiration was performed for cytological evaluation, and presented a monomorphic round cell population, with cytoplasmic vacuolization, basophilic and scarce cytoplasm, oval and centralized nuclei. The cytology evaluation was compatible with TVT. The chemotherapy protocol was adopted with vincristine sulphate at 0.025 mg/kg every 7 days. Complete regression of the tumor mass was observed after six weeks. Involvement of the cutaneous tissue without venereal involvement is uncommon, and there after the TVT is included as a differential diagnosis of isolated nodular cutaneous lesions.

El tumor venéreo transmisible (TVT) se trata de una neoplasia de células redondas, transmitida a partir del transplante de células neoplásicas, altamente contagiosa, que afecta principalmente a los genitales externos de los caninos y también a las regiones extragenitales. La forma cutánea generalmente acomete la región de cara y miembros, secundaria a un foco genital primario de forma simultánea. Se relata un caso de TVT cutáneo sin implicación genital en un perro macho, cuatro años de edad, semidomiciliado, con queja principal de aparición de lesión única, de carácter nodular, friable, ulcerada con exudación sanguinolenta en la región cervical lateral. Se realizó una punción aspirativa con aguja fina para evaluación citológica, y obtuvo como resultado el predominio de células redondas monomórficas, con vacuolización citoplasmática, citoplasma basofílico y escaso, además de núcleos ovalados y centralizados, citología esta compatible con TVT. Se adoptó el protocolo de tratamiento quimioterápico con sulfato de vincristina 0,025 mg / kg cada siete días, regresión completa del tumor después de seis semanas. La participación del tejido cutáneo sin afectación venérea es rara, y ante todo el TVT se incluye como diagnóstico diferencial de lesiones nodulares o tumorales aisladas.

Presença de Leishmania sp. e Dirofilaria immitis em / Tumor Venéreo Transmissível Canino cutâneo / Presence of Leishmania sp. and Dirofilaria immitis in Cutaneous Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor

Background: Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) is a neoplasm transmitted by implantation of its cells into genitaland extragenital organs, while Heartworm and Visceral Leishmaniasis are zoonosis transmitted by hematophagous insectsthat are often underdiagnosed in asymptomatic animals. Coinfection by the agents of these parasitosis is well documented,however, the association of both diseases with the CTVT is still unusual. Thus, it was aimed to report a case of incidentalidentification of microfilariae of D. immitis and amastigotes forms of Leishmania sp. in cutaneous CTVT by cytology in anasymptomatic dog for the parasitosis.Case: A 6-year-old, male, mongrel, sexually intact dog from the city of Patos, Paraiba, Brazil, was presented with a cutaneouscircumscribed tumoral lesion in a region adjacent to the right olecranon, with an ulcerated surface of reddish color, havingareas of necrosis inside and larvae (myiasis), draining bloody secretion. The material was collected for cytological analysis,which proved to be Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) with the presence of amastigote forms of Leishmania sp.and microfilariae of D. immitis among neoplastic cells. Blood count, serum urea, creatinine and albumin, ALT, AST, FA,CK, Na+, K+, Ca++, CK-MB, Troponin I (cTnI), Snap 4Dx Plus (Idexx®), Snap Leishmania (Idexx®), and Knott’s test wereperformed, plus chest radiography, blood pressure measurements and electrocardiogram (ECG). The alterations found corresponded to normochromic normocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, microfilariae in the Knott test, increaseof CK, CK-MB and cTnI, positivity for Erlichia sp., Anaplasma sp., Leishmania sp. and Dirofilaria immitis. Furthermorecardiomegaly on radiographs and sinus arrhythmia associated with atrioventricular block (AVB) of the first degree on theECG. Euthanasia was performed after necropsy, in which adult worms were...

Tumor venéreo transmissível cutâneo sem envolvimento genital em cão macho / Transmissible cutaneous venereal tumor without genital involvement in a male dog / Cutánea tumor venéreo transmisible sin la participación genital en perro macho

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) trata-se de uma neoplasia de células redondas, transmitida a partir do transplante de células neoplásicas, altamente contagiosa, que afeta principalmente a genitália externa de caninos e também regiões extragenitais. A forma cutânea geralmente acomete a região de face e membros, secundária a um foco genital primário de forma simultânea. Relata-se um caso de TVT cutâneo sem envolvimento genital em um cão macho sem padrão de raça definida (SPRD), quatro anos de idade, semidomiciliado, com queixa principal de aparecimento de lesão única, de caráter nodular, friável, ulcerada com exsudação sanguinolenta na região cervical lateral. Foi realizada punção aspirativa com agulha fina para avaliação citológica, que demostrou predomínio de células redondas monomórficas, com vacuolização citoplasmática, citoplasma basofílico e escasso, além de núcleos ovais e centralizados, citologia esta compatível com TVT. Adotou-se o protocolo de tratamento quimioterápico com sulfato de vincristina 0,025 mg/kg a cada sete dias, com regressão completa do tumor após seis semanas. O envolvimento do tecido cutâneo sem acometimento venéreo é raro, e diante disso o TVT pode ser incluído como diagnóstico diferencial de lesões nodulares ou tumorais isoladas.(AU)

The transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a round cells tumor, transmitted from the highly contagious neoplastic cell transplantation, which mainly affects the external genitalia of dogs and also extragenital regions. The cutaneous form usually affects the region of the face and limbs, secondary to a primary genital focus simultaneously. A case of cutaneous TVT without genital involvement is reported in a four-year-old male, without racial standard set, half-domiciled, with a major complaint of a nodular, friable and ulcerated lesion with bloody exudation in the lateral cervical region. Fine needle aspiration was performed for cytological evaluation, and presented a monomorphic round cell population, with cytoplasmic vacuolization, basophilic and scarce cytoplasm, oval and centralized nuclei. The cytology evaluation was compatible with TVT. The chemotherapy protocol was adopted with vincristine sulphate at 0.025 mg/kg every 7 days. Complete regression of the tumor mass was observed after six weeks. Involvement of the cutaneous tissue without venereal involvement is uncommon, and there after the TVT is included as a differential diagnosis of isolated nodular cutaneous lesions.(AU)

El tumor venéreo transmisible (TVT) se trata de una neoplasia de células redondas, transmitida a partir del transplante de células neoplásicas, altamente contagiosa, que afecta principalmente a los genitales externos de los caninos y también a las regiones extragenitales. La forma cutánea generalmente acomete la región de cara y miembros, secundaria a un foco genital primario de forma simultánea. Se relata un caso de TVT cutáneo sin implicación genital en un perro macho, cuatro años de edad, semidomiciliado, con queja principal de aparición de lesión única, de carácter nodular, friable, ulcerada con exudación sanguinolenta en la región cervical lateral. Se realizó una punción aspirativa con aguja fina para evaluación citológica, y obtuvo como resultado el predominio de células redondas monomórficas, con vacuolización citoplasmática, citoplasma basofílico y escaso, además de núcleos ovalados y centralizados, citología esta compatible con TVT. Se adoptó el protocolo de tratamiento quimioterápico con sulfato de vincristina 0,025 mg / kg cada siete días, regresión completa del tumor después de seis semanas. La participación del tejido cutáneo sin afectación venérea es rara, y ante todo el TVT se incluye como diagnóstico diferencial de lesiones nodulares o tumorales aisladas.(AU)

Three cases of exclusively extragenital canine transmissible Venereal Tumor (cTVT)

Background: Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (cTVT) is a neoplasia that affects mainly the genital organs of dogs, but can rich extragenital sites as well. It´s a tumor characterized microscopically by the presence of vacuolized round cells. Transmission occurs by implantation of these cells in non-affected tissues and the treatment is based on vincristine chemotherapy.Cases: Case 1. A 5-year-old intact male Poodle, presenting an increase volume of nasal plane came for veterinary care at a private veterinary clinic. The animal had bilateral bloody nasal secretion and dyspnea. The external genitalia had no alterations. The cytological evaluation confirmed cTVT. Treatment with vincristine sulfate weekly showed a rapid response with improvement of the respiratory condition, total remission of the mass and absence of neoplastic cells in cytology. Case 2. A 5-year-old mixed-breed canine bitch, weighing 6.7 kg, was brought to the State University of Santa Cruz Veterinary Hospital (UESC-VH), showing an increase volume in the nasal plan region, with complaints about sneezing, nasal bleeding, respiratory distress with approximately 4 months of evolution. The owner informed that the mother of these female dog, that lived in the same environment, died a month before the beginning of clinical signs of the bitch of this case, and showed a reddish vaginal mass with intense bleeding. Intranasal exfoliative cytology showed moderately cellular sample compatible with cTVT. The treatment with vincristine sulphate for 6 weeks, showed completely remission of all clinical signs. Case 3. A 3-year-old mixed-breed male dog was brought to the UESC-VH with a reddish, friable mass located in the left eye. The citology confirmed the clinical suspicion of cTVT. After six weekly sessions of chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate, the tumor regressed and a new cytological evaluation was performed, without visible of tumor cells.[...]

Three cases of exclusively extragenital canine transmissible Venereal Tumor (cTVT)

Background: Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (cTVT) is a neoplasia that affects mainly the genital organs of dogs, but can rich extragenital sites as well. It´s a tumor characterized microscopically by the presence of vacuolized round cells. Transmission occurs by implantation of these cells in non-affected tissues and the treatment is based on vincristine chemotherapy.Cases: Case 1. A 5-year-old intact male Poodle, presenting an increase volume of nasal plane came for veterinary care at a private veterinary clinic. The animal had bilateral bloody nasal secretion and dyspnea. The external genitalia had no alterations. The cytological evaluation confirmed cTVT. Treatment with vincristine sulfate weekly showed a rapid response with improvement of the respiratory condition, total remission of the mass and absence of neoplastic cells in cytology. Case 2. A 5-year-old mixed-breed canine bitch, weighing 6.7 kg, was brought to the State University of Santa Cruz Veterinary Hospital (UESC-VH), showing an increase volume in the nasal plan region, with complaints about sneezing, nasal bleeding, respiratory distress with approximately 4 months of evolution. The owner informed that the mother of these female dog, that lived in the same environment, died a month before the beginning of clinical signs of the bitch of this case, and showed a reddish vaginal mass with intense bleeding. Intranasal exfoliative cytology showed moderately cellular sample compatible with cTVT. The treatment with vincristine sulphate for 6 weeks, showed completely remission of all clinical signs. Case 3. A 3-year-old mixed-breed male dog was brought to the UESC-VH with a reddish, friable mass located in the left eye. The citology confirmed the clinical suspicion of cTVT. After six weekly sessions of chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate, the tumor regressed and a new cytological evaluation was performed, without visible of tumor cells.[...](AU)

Evaluation of a genetic assay for canine transmissible venereal tumour diagnosis in Brazil.

The canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a transmissible cancer that is spread between dogs by the allogeneic transfer of living cancer cells. The infectious agents in CTVT are the living cancer cells themselves, which are transmitted between dogs during coitus. CTVT first arose several thousand years ago and the disease has a global distribution and is frequently observed in dogs from Brazil. We evaluated the utility of a LINE-MYC quantitative polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of CTVT cases in Brazil. Our analysis indicated that the LINE-MYC rearrangement was detectable in all CTVT samples but not in their corresponding hosts. This genetic assay proves to be a useful tool for providing a definitive molecular diagnosis of CTVT, which presents with varying degrees of aggressiveness and invasiveness in different host dogs and can therefore be a diagnostic challenge in some specific cases.

Tumor venéreo trasmissível canino em mucosa vaginal com metástase em pele e globo ocular / Transmissible venereal tumor canine in vaginal mucosa with metastasis on the skin and eye ball

A six year old bitch had ulcerated, friable, easily bleeding masses similar to cauli flower in submucosa in the dorsum-posterior region of the vagina at the junction with the vestibule. The lesion was submitted to cytopathological examination by imprint and vaginal TVT was diagnosed. After twenty days the animal returned to the Medical Clinic with lesions on the skin and in the eyeball, again the lesions were submitted to cytopathological examination by fine needle aspiration (FNA) and scraping of the conjunctiva by Swab, where the definitive diagnosis was TVT, the microscopic characteristic of the three lesions were similar. The treatment was performed with vincristine sulfate; from the second application there was tumor regression and progressive clinical improvement.(AU)

Tumor venéreo trasmissível canino em mucosa vaginal com metástase em pele e globo ocular / Transmissible venereal tumor canine in vaginal mucosa with metastasis on the skin and eye ball

A six year old bitch had ulcerated, friable, easily bleeding masses similar to cauli flower in submucosa in the dorsum-posterior region of the vagina at the junction with the vestibule. The lesion was submitted to cytopathological examination by imprint and vaginal TVT was diagnosed. After twenty days the animal returned to the Medical Clinic with lesions on the skin and in the eyeball, again the lesions were submitted to cytopathological examination by fine needle aspiration (FNA) and scraping of the conjunctiva by Swab, where the definitive diagnosis was TVT, the microscopic characteristic of the three lesions were similar. The treatment was performed with vincristine sulfate; from the second application there was tumor regression and progressive clinical improvement.