Complete Genome Sequence of Potato Virus T from Bolivia, Obtained from a 33-Year-Old Sample.

We present the complete genomic sequence of a Potato virus T (PVT) isolate originally obtained from a Bolivian potato sample collected in 1976, and we compare it with the genome of the PVT type isolate from Peru. There is an 81% nucleotide identity between the two genomes of this Andean potato virus.

[Alcohol and tobacco consumption in Spanish and Mexican adolescents and its relation to physical and sports-related activity and to the family]. / Alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes españoles y mexicanos y su relación con la actividad físico-deportiva y la familia.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the influence of alcohol or tobacco consumption along with independent variables (sex and age; time and leisure activities; motivations, patterns, modalities, and goals of physical and sports-related activity; and behaviors within the family environment) in physical and sports-related activity among pupils enrolled in compulsory secondary education in Spain and Mexico. METHODS: A questionnaire on habits related to physical and sports-related activity, consumption of alcoholic beverages or tobacco, and the influence of the family environment was answered by 3,249 Spanish pupils and 1,083 Mexican pupils between 12 and 16 years of age. A descriptive analysis and a multinomial logistic regression were carried out in order to ascertain the predictive capacity of the variables included in the model. RESULTS: In both countries, consumption increases with age. In comparative terms, there is a higher prevalence among Spanish pupils when consuming addictive substances. The Spanish pupils who are physically active are less likely to consume alcohol and tobacco; among their Mexican counterparts, there were no significant differences in this regard. The results show that in Spain, females consume alcoholic beverages and smoke more frequently than do males, who do so sporadically but in greater quantities. In Mexico, adolescent boys consume alcohol more regularly that do adolescent girls, although there are no differences in terms of quantity. CONCLUSIONS: In Spain, being physically active and engaging in sports is clearly related to consuming less. Being physically active acts as a protective agent against unhealthy habits. Among Mexican adolescents, no significant relationship between these factors has been found. Both in Spain and in Mexico, siblings and parents are the family members who have the greatest influence vis-à-vis alcohol and tobacco consumption. Furthermore, the trend towards simultaneous consumption of both substances has been proved.

Alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes españoles y mexicanos y su relación con la actividad físico-deportiva y la familia / Alcohol and tobacco consumption in Spanish and Mexican adolescents and its relation to physical and sports-related activity and to the family

OBJETIVO: Identificar la influencia del consumo de alcohol o tabaco junto a variables independientes (sexo y edad; tiempo y actividades de ocio; motivaciones, patrones, modalidades y finalidades físico-deportivas; y conductas del entorno familiar) en la actividad físico-deportiva de alumnos de educación secundaria obligatoria en España y México. MÉTODOS: 3 249 alumnos españoles y 1 083 alumnos mexicanos de entre 12 y 16 años respondieron un cuestionario sobre hábitos físico-deportivos, consumo de bebidas alcohólicas o tabaco e influencia del entorno familiar. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y una regresión logística multinomial para averiguar la capacidad predictiva de las variables incluidas en el modelo. RESULTADOS: En ambos países el consumo aumenta con la edad. Comparativamente existe mayor prevalencia entre los estudiantes españoles a la hora de consumir sustancias adictivas. Los estudiantes españoles físicamente activos tienen menos probabilidades de consumir alcohol y tabaco; entre los mexicanos no se encuentran diferencias significativas al respecto. Los resultados reflejan que en España las mujeres consumen bebidas alcohólicas y fuman con mayor frecuencia. Los varones españoles, sin embargo, lo hacen de manera esporádica pero en mayores cantidades. En México, los adolescentes consumen alcohol más regularmente que las adolescentes, pero no existen diferencias en la cantidad. CONCLUSIONES: En España, la práctica de actividades físico-deportivas se relaciona claramente con un menor consumo. Ser físicamente activo actúa como agente protector ante hábitos no saludables. En los adolescentes mexicanos no se ha encontrado una relación significativa entre estos factores. Tanto en España como en México, los hermanos y los padres son los familiares que mayor influencia ejercen respecto del consumo de alcohol y tabaco. Además, se ha comprobado la tendencia a un consumo simultáneo de ambas sustancias.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the influence of alcohol or tobacco consumption along with independent variables (sex and age; time and leisure activities; motivations, patterns, modalities, and goals of physical and sports-related activity; and behaviors within the family environment) in physical and sports-related activity among pupils enrolled in compulsory secondary education in Spain and Mexico. METHODS: A questionnaire on habits related to physical and sports-related activity, consumption of alcoholic beverages or tobacco, and the influence of the family environment was answered by 3 249 Spanish pupils and 1 083 Mexican pupils between 12 and 16 years of age. A descriptive analysis and a multinomial logistic regression were carried out in order to ascertain the predictive capacity of the variables included in the model. RESULTS: In both countries, consumption increases with age. In comparative terms, there is a higher prevalence among Spanish pupils when consuming addictive substances. The Spanish pupils who are physically active are less likely to consume alcohol and tobacco; among their Mexican counterparts, there were no significant differences in this regard. The results show that in Spain, females consume alcoholic beverages and smoke more frequently than do males, who do so sporadically but in greater quantities. In Mexico, adolescent boys consume alcohol more regularly that do adolescent girls, although there are no differences in terms of quantity. CONCLUSIONS: In Spain, being physically active and engaging in sports is clearly related to consuming less. Being physically active acts as a protective agent against unhealthy habits. Among Mexican adolescents, no significant relationship between these factors has been found. Both in Spain and in Mexico, siblings and parents are the family members who have the greatest influence vis-à-vis alcohol and tobacco consumption. Furthermore, the trend towards simultaneous consumption of both substances...

Morphological and molecular characterization of Phytophthora glovera sp. nov. from tobacco in Brazil.

A root rot disease of cultivated tobacco called yellow stunt has been observed in the burley tobacco production areas of Brazil since the early 1990s. Root infecting fungi and straminipiles were isolated from the roots of diseased tobacco plants, including a semi-papillate, homothallic, slow growing Phytophthora species. Pathogenicity trials confirmed that Phytophthora sp. caused root rot and stunting of burley and flue-cured tobaccos. Morphological characteristics of the asexual and sexual stages of this organism did not match any reported Phytophthora species and were very different from the widely known tobacco black shank pathogen P. nicotianae. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA, ß-tubulin and translation elongation factor 1-α regions indicated that this organism represents a previously unreported Phytophthora species that is significantly supported in clade 2 and most closely related to P. capsici. However P. glovera differs from P. capsici in a number of morphological characters, most significantly P. glovera is homothallic and produces both paragynous and amphigynous antheridia while P. capsici is heterothallic and produces only amphigynous antheridia. In this paper we confirmed pathogenicity of this species on tobacco and describe the morphological and molecular characteristics of Phytophthora glovera sp. nov.