ABSTRACT
Soursop possesses the largest fruit size of the Annona genus. However, this species is threatened by the Annonaceae fruit weevil (Optatus palmaris), which can cause the destruction of whole soursop fruits. Recently, the potential of semiochemicals for the management of this insect is highlighted, and its aggregation pheromone has been elucidated. This pheromone works well only when mixed with soursop volatiles. Thus, the aim of this research was to determine specific kairomone components to potentiate the aggregation pheromone of this Annonaceae fruit weevil. This task was carried out via volatilome analysis of soursop fruits, which was correlated with the biological activity of the identified volatiles. The GC-MS analysis of aroma collections of mature soursop fruits and flowers, determined using multivariate data analysis, confirmed a volatile differentiation between these organs. The volatile variation between fruits and flowers was reflected in weevils' preference for mature fruits instead of flowers. Moreover, weevils' response to soursop fruits increased with more mature fruits. This was correlated with volatile changes throughout the phenological stages of soursop fruits. The two volatiles most correlated with weevils' attraction were benzothiazole and (E)-ß-caryophyllene. These volatiles only evoked a response when mixed and potentiated the attraction of the aggregation pheromone. Thus, these two volatiles are active kairomone components with the potential for being used in combination with the aggregation pheromone of Annonaceae fruit weevils in field trials.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of orlistat, a drug used in weight loss, on 5-HT and indicators of oxidative stress in rat brain. Orlistat, 12 mg/kg was administered to Wistar rats as single dose or successive doses on 3 consecutive days. Blood glucose and oxidative stress indicators were detected by measurement of lipid peroxidation, Na+, K+ ATPase, glutathione and serotonin levels using previous validated methods. The levels of glucose decreased in rats receiving successive doses. The activity of Na+, K+ ATPase and total ATPase was reduced in rats receiving successive doses, while the level of lipid peroxidation increased slightly in both groups. Glutathione underwent significant reduction in the successive doses group (p < 0.05). 5-HT increased significantly after single dose treatment (p < 0.05). Orlistat can induce pro-oxidant effects in the brain due to alteration of serotonergic metabolism and the reduction of glutathione.
Subject(s)
Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology , Brain/drug effects , Glutathione/metabolism , Lactones/pharmacology , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Serotonin/metabolism , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism , Animals , Brain/metabolism , Orlistat , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Se presentan las indicaciones y resultados de 1552 amniocentesis realizadas entre 1987 y 1992 en nuestro servicio de fisiopatología fetal. La indicación más frecuente es la edad materna avanzada (35 años) que supone un 61.40 por ciento de los casos. La mayoría de las amniocentesis se realizaron entre 14-16 semanas de gestación. Se encontraron 41 anomalias cromosómicas (2.64 por ciento): 32 aneuploidías y nueve alteraciones estructurales. Entre las aneuploidías destacan por orden de frecuencia, 15 casos de trisomía 21 y nueve casos de trisomía 18. Los grupos con mayor riesgo de alteración cromosómica son los portadores de translocación cromosómicas (91,23 por ciento) y el grupo de sospecha ecográfica de malformación (10,75 por ciento). El análisis citogenético resultó posible en el 95,74 por ciento de los casos. La tasa de fracasos de cultivo en 1992 resultó ser del 2,50 por ciento (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Amniocentesis/statistics & numerical data , Chromosome Aberrations , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Trisomy/diagnosis , Down Syndrome/diagnosis , Gestational Age , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Se presentan las indicaciones y resultados de 1552 amniocentesis realizadas entre 1987 y 1992 en nuestro servicio de fisiopatología fetal. La indicación más frecuente es la edad materna avanzada (35 años) que supone un 61.40 por ciento de los casos. La mayoría de las amniocentesis se realizaron entre 14-16 semanas de gestación. Se encontraron 41 anomalias cromosómicas (2.64 por ciento): 32 aneuploidías y nueve alteraciones estructurales. Entre las aneuploidías destacan por orden de frecuencia, 15 casos de trisomía 21 y nueve casos de trisomía 18. Los grupos con mayor riesgo de alteración cromosómica son los portadores de translocación cromosómicas (91,23 por ciento) y el grupo de sospecha ecográfica de malformación (10,75 por ciento). El análisis citogenético resultó posible en el 95,74 por ciento de los casos. La tasa de fracasos de cultivo en 1992 resultó ser del 2,50 por ciento